133 research outputs found
A jump-growth model for predator-prey dynamics: derivation and application to marine ecosystems
- Author
- A. Okubo
- A.G. McKendrick
- C.-H. Hsieh
- C.A. Pfister
- C.N.K. Anderson
- D. Finkelshtein
- D.C. Bardos
- D.J. Aldous
- D.M. Ware
- D.T. Gillespie
- D.T. Gillespie
- E. Benoît
- Gustav W. Delius
- H. Foerster von
- J. Camacho
- J.E. Cohen
- J.E. Paloheimo
- J.H. Brown
- J.L. Blanchard
- K.H. Andersen
- K.H. Andersen
- M. Smoluchowski
- M.R. Heath
- N.G. Kampen van
- O. Maury
- P.A. Marquet
- P.R. Boudreau
- R. Law
- R.W. Sheldon
- R.W. Sheldon
- Richard Law
- S. Jennings
- S.R. Kerr
- Samik Datta
- T. Platt
- W. Silvert
- W. Silvert
- W.H. Press
- W.S.C. Gurney
- Y.-J. Shin
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 11/01/2010
- Field of study
This paper investigates the dynamics of biomass in a marine ecosystem. A
stochastic process is defined in which organisms undergo jumps in body size as
they catch and eat smaller organisms. Using a systematic expansion of the
master equation, we derive a deterministic equation for the macroscopic
dynamics, which we call the deterministic jump-growth equation, and a linear
Fokker-Planck equation for the stochastic fluctuations. The McKendrick--von
Foerster equation, used in previous studies, is shown to be a first-order
approximation, appropriate in equilibrium systems where predators are much
larger than their prey. The model has a power-law steady state consistent with
the approximate constancy of mass density in logarithmic intervals of body mass
often observed in marine ecosystems. The behaviours of the stochastic process,
the deterministic jump-growth equation and the McKendrick--von Foerster
equation are compared using numerical methods. The numerical analysis shows two
classes of attractors: steady states and travelling waves.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures. Final version as published. Only minor change
Logic-based automated multi-issue bilateral negotiation in peer-to-peer e-marketplaces
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Manejo de água e de fertilizante potássico na cultura de arroz irrigado
- Author
- Alberto Baêta dos Santos
- ALVES M.C.
- BEYROUTY C.A.
- Cyntia Santos
- DE DATTA S.K.
- DE DATTA S.K.
- DOTTO C.R.D.
- DUARTE E.F.
- EBERHARDT D.S.
- FAGERIA N.K.
- FAGERIA N.K.
- GOSWAMI N.N.
- HASSAN A.A.
- JENNINGS P.R.
- LOEB A.G.
- LOPES S.I.C.
- LOPES S.I.G.
- Luis Fernando Stone
- MACHADO M.D.
- MEDEIROS R.D. de
- Nand Kumar Fageria
- OLIVEIRA J.V. de
- REDDY M.N.
- STONE L.F.
- STONE L.F.
- YOSHIDA S.
- Publication venue
- 'FapUNIFESP (SciELO)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Efeitos de regulador de crescimento, controle de doenças e densidade de semeadura na qualidade industrial de grãos de arroz
- Author
- Adeliano Cargnin
- ARTECA R.N.
- BARROS J. de A.I.
- CANELLAS L.P.
- CARBONE A.
- CHAU N.N.
- DIAS A.R.G.
- GALLI J.
- JENNINGS P.R.
- Jonas Farias Pinto
- Letícia Dos Santos Hölbig
- Luciane Nolasko Leitzke
- Luis Osmar Braga Schuch
- MARCHEZAN E.
- MARCHEZAN E.
- MARTINEZ C.
- NAKAMURA A.M.
- NANGJU D.
- NEDEL J.L.
- RODRIGUES A.O.
- SILVA P.S.L.
- SOAVE J.
- SRINIVAS T.
- Valdinei Sofiatti
- VALÉRIO M. da G. B.
- VIEIRA N.R. de A.
- Publication venue
- 'FapUNIFESP (SciELO)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children
- Author
- Abdulla Amina F.
- Abelake Eugenia
- Adeel Abdul O.A.
- Aebi C.
- Agapow Paul Michael
- Agbeko R.
- Agyeman P.
- Anderson Suzanne T. B.
- Antonio Martin
- Baer W.
- Barham Heather
- Barral-Arca Ruth
- Barrios Xavier Gabaldó
- Bartlett Maeve
- Baumgart Hinrich
- Baumgartner Markus
- Behrends Uta
- Bellos Evangelos
- Berger C.
- Bernhard-Stirnemann S.
- Biebl Ariane
- Binder Alexander
- Birnbacher Robert
- Blanke Jan-Gerd
- Boeddha Navin P.
- Boelke Carsten
- Bojang Kalifa
- Bokhandi Sumit S.
- Breukels Meike A.
- Breuling Kai
- Brinkman Daniëlle M.C.
- Brió Sanagustín Sonia
- Brunner Jürgen
- Buller Maria
- Camuzeaux Stephane
- Carreras Eduardo
- Carrol Enitan
- Carter Stephanie
- Cebey-López Miriam
- Coin Lachlan
- Cole Fatoumata
- Concha-Torre Andres
- Contreras J. Ruiz
- Cooke Elizabeth Fernández
- Crate Lindsay
- Curras-Tuala MJ.
- Dahlem Peter
- Davies Patrick
- de Groot Ronald C.A.
- de Korte Carla C.M.M.
- de Vries Esther
- de Waal Wouter J.
- Deep Akash
- Dekkers Roel
- Dietrich Beate
- Dings-Lammertink Anouk
- Doedens Rienus A.
- Donker AlbertineE.
- Dousma Mieke
- Driessen Gertjan Jan A.
- Eber Ernst
- Eleftherohorinou Hariklia
- Elias Johannes
- Ellacuriagal Antonio Salas
- Emhofer Josef
- Emonts Marieke
- Etschmaier Rosa
- Faber Tina E.
- Farr Sebastian
- Faust Saul
- Fernandez Silveira Laura
- Fernández Reyes
- Fink Colin
- Forte Miguel Sanchez
- Fortune Peter-Marc
- Frederick H.
- Galassini Rachel
- García Natalia
- Gerrits Gerardus Peter Jm M.
- Gerver Jan A.M.
- Giannoni E.
- Giménez-Sánchez Francisco
- Girtler Ylenia
- Gomez-Rial Jose
- Gormley Stuart
- Grela Beiroa Andrea
- Gribbin Andrew
- Grigorow Irina
- Guillén Sara
- Gómez-Carballa Alberto
- Hamilton Shea
- Hardy Katie
- Hasters P.
- Hazelzet Jan
- Heidema Jojanneke
- Heimann Konrad
- Heininger U.
- Herberg Jethro A.
- Hoggart Clive
- Hourmat Bernardo
- Hudnott Phil
- Ibarrondo Cristina Epalza
- Iglesias Pilar Leboráns
- Ihm Ulrike
- Inwald David
- Jackson Heather R.
- Jacobs Monique A.M.
- Jansen Nicolaas Johannes Georgius
- Jaros Zdenek
- Jennings R.
- Johnston J.
- Justicia-Grande Antonio
- Kaforou Myrsini
- Kahlert C.
- Kalhoff Hermann
- Kaulfersch Wilhelm
- Kawczynski Pawel
- Kebbeh Ngange
- Kemen Christoph
- Kenwright R.
- khan Saidy
- Klobassa Daniela S.
- Klocker Nina
- Klucovska Kristine
- Kneyber Martin Christiaan Jacques
- Kohlmaier B.
- Komini Eleni
- Koopman-Keemink Yvonne
- Kramer Lydia
- Kuijpers T. W.
- Köster Bernhard
- Langenhorst Veerle J.
- Leusink José
- Levin Michael
- Lewis Matthew R.
- León-León María Cruz
- Loza Bettina F.
- Lozano María José
- Maconochie Ian
- Martinez-Santos Alba-Elena
- Martinon-Torres Federico
- MartinónTorres Nazareth
- Mashbat Meg
- McClure Myra
- McCorkell Jenni
- McCready Sharon
- Menikou Stephanie
- Merth Istvan T.
- Miedema Carien J.
- Mingorance Álvaro Navarro
- Momodou None
- Moreno David
- Morillo Gutiérrez Beatriz
- Mustafa Sobia
- Nadel Simon
- Navarra Helen
- Navarro Marisa
- Neeleman Chris
- Neth Olaf
- Neubert Antje
- Niederer-Loher A.
- Nijman Ruud Gerard
- Noordzij Jeroen G.
- Nsirim Eniola
- O'Neill Lauren
- Obihara Charlie C.C.
- Ortner Daniel
- Oñate Vergara Eider
- Pacheco Pablo Obando
- Padilla Ma del Carmen Martínez
- Pajkrt Dasja
- Palacios Alba
- Pardo-Seco Jacobo
- Patel Rekha
- Patel Sanjay Valabh
- Pathan Nazima
- Paulus Stéphane
- Pescollderungg Lydia
- Peters Mark
- Pfurtscheller Klaus
- Philipsen H.L.A.
- Pinnock Elli
- Pischedda Sara
- Pollard AJ.
- Poortman Geriska H.
- Posfay-Barbe K.M.
- Potgieter Steph T.
- Potjewijd Joke
- Power Sue
- Pérez Belén Mosquera
- Rahman Rahmeen
- Ramaiah Raghu
- Redondo Collazo Lorenzo
- Reiter Karl
- Relly C.
- Reyes Susana Beatriz
- Ridout Jenna
- Ristic Goran
- Rivero Calle Irene
- Rodríguez-Tenreiro Carmen
- Rojo Pablo
- Rosias Philippe P.R.
- Royad C.
- Rödl Siegfried
- Sagmeister Manfred
- Salas Antonio
- Sancho Shimizu Vanessa
- Sanders Elisabeth A. M.
- Sands Caroline
- Sarr Isatou
- Schlapbach Luregn
- Schweintzger Nina
- Secka Fatou
- Sellner Andrea
- Serén Fernández Sonia
- Sey Gibbi
- Silva María Del Sol Porto
- Sonnleitner Astrid
- Sperl Matthias
- Sprong Tom
- Standing Fran
- Stelzl Wolfgang
- Stocker M.
- Sánchez José María
- Tato Luis Manuel Prieto
- ten Tussher Gavin W.
- Thakker Clare
- Thio Bernard J.
- Thomas Gilleh
- Thurston Sarah
- Till Holger Karl H.
- Tramper-Stranders Gerdien A.
- Trobisch Andreas
- Tuffrey Catherine
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- van de Beek Diederik
- van der Ende Arie
- Van der Flier Michiel
- van der Meer H.
- van Deuren M.
- van Furth Marceline
- van Kuppevelt A.J.M.
- van Overbeek - van Gils A. Lidy T.
- van Wermeskerken A.M.
- Veen J. Homan-van der
- Vega Ana Karina
- Verwijs W.A.
- Vicente Luisa García
- Vierzig Anne
- Vilanova-Trillo Lucía
- Vivanco Ana
- Vogel Ulrich
- Wang Xinzhu
- Weingarten Christina
- Welke Stefanie
- White Deborah K.
- White Sonia
- Willis Louise
- Wimmer Andreas
- Wintergerst Uwe
- Wolfs T.F.W.
- Wright Victoria
- Wüller Daniel
- Young Zoe
- Zaunschirm Andrew
- Zenz Werner
- Ziuraite Ieva
- Álvarez Cristina Álvarez
- Álvez González Fernando
- Žukovskaja Veslava
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2019
- Field of study
Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
- Author
- Aadahl M.
- Abarca-Gómez L.
- Abu-Rmeileh N.M.
- Acosta-Cazares B.
- Adams R.J.
- Aekplakorn W.
- Agdeppa I.A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari J.
- Aguilar-Salinas C.A.
- Agyemang C.
- Ahluwalia T.S.
- Ahmad N.A.
- Ahmadi A.
- Ahmadi N.
- Ahmed S.H.
- Ahrens W.
- Ajlouni K.
- al-Safi Ismail A.
- Alarouj M.
- AlBuhairan F.
- AlDhukair S.
- Ali M.M.
- Alkandari A.
- Alkerwi A.
- Aly E.
- Amarapurkar D.N.
- Amouyel P.
- Andersen L.B.
- Anderssen S.A.
- Anjana R.M.
- Ansari-Moghaddam A.
- Aounallah-Skhiri H.
- Araújo J.
- Ariansen I.
- Aris T.
- Arku R.E.
- Arlappa N.
- Aryal K.K.
- Asghari G.
- Aspelund T.
- Assunção M.C.F.
- Auvinen J.
- Avdicová M.
- Azevedo A.
- Azizi F.
- Azmin M.
- Balakrishna N.
- Bamoshmoosh M.
- Banach M.
- Bandosz P.
- Banegas J.R.
- Bao T.Q.
- Barbagallo C.M.
- Barceló A.
- Barkat A.
- Bata I.
- Batieha A.M.
- Batyrbek A.
- Baur L.A.
- Beaglehole R.
- Bebakar W.M.W.
- Belavendra A.
- Ben Romdhane H.
- Benet M.
- Benn M.
- Bennett J.E.
- Berkinbayev S.
- Bernabe-Ortiz A.
- Bernotiene G.
- Bettiol H.
- Bhargava S.K.
- Bi Y.
- Bienek A.
- Bikbov M.
- Bista B.
- Bixby H.
- Bjerregaard P.
- Bjertness E.
- Bjertness M.B.
- Björkelund C.
- Bloch K.V.
- Blokstra A.
- Bo S.
- Boehm B.O.
- Boggia J.G.
- Boissonnet C.P.
- Bonaccio M.
- Bongard V.
- Borchini R.
- Borghs H.
- Bovet P.
- Brajkovich I.
- Breckenkamp J.
- Brenner H.
- Brewster L.M.
- Bruno G.
- Bugge A.
- Busch M.A.
- Cacciottolo J.
- Can G.
- Capanzana M.V.
- Capuano E.
- Capuano V.
- Cardoso V.C.
- Carrillo-Larco R.M.
- Carvalho J.
- Casanueva F.F.
- Censi L.
- Chadjigeorgiou C.A.
- Chamukuttan S.
- Chaturvedi N.
- Chen C.-J.
- Chen F.
- Chen S.
- Cheng C.-Y.
- Cheraghian B.
- Chetrit A.
- Chiou S.-T.
- Chirlaque M.-D.
- Cho B.
- Cho Y.
- Chudek J.
- Cifkova R.
- Cisneros J.Z.
- Claessens F.
- Clarke J.
- Clays E.
- Concin H.
- Confortin S.C.
- Cooper C.
- Costanzo S.
- Cottel D.
- Cowan M.J.
- Cowell C.
- Crujeiras A.B.
- Csilla S.
- Cui L.
- Cureau F.V.
- Cândido A.P.C.
- Dallongeville J.
- Damasceno A.
- Danaei G.
- Dankner R.
- Dantoft T.M.
- Dauchet L.
- Davletov K.
- De Backer G.
- De Bacquer D.
- de Gaetano G.
- De Henauw S.
- de León A.C.
- de Oliveira P.D.
- De Ridder D.
- De Smedt D.
- Deepa M.
- Deev A.D.
- Dehghan A.
- del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez M.
- Delisle H.
- Dennison E.
- Deschamps V.
- Dhana K.
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- Di Castelnuovo A.F.
- Di Cesare M.
- Dika Z.
- Djalalinia S.
- do Carmo Franco M.
- Dobson A.J.
- Donfrancesco C.
- Donoso S.P.
- Dorobantu M.
- Dragano N.
- Drygas W.
- Du Y.
- Duante C.A.
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- Dzerve V.
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E.
- Döring A.
- D’Arrigo G.
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- Eggertsen R.
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- Eiben G.
- Ekelund U.
- El Ati J.
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- Eliasen M.
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- Erasmus R.T.
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- Esmaeili A.
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- Fattahi M.R.
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- Ferguson T.S.
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- Ferreccio C.
- Ferrieres J.
- Foo L.H.
- Forslund A.-S.
- Forsner M.
- Fouad H.M.
- Francis D.K.
- Franco O.H.
- Frontera G.
- Fujita Y.
- Fumihiko M.
- Furusawa T.
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- Gaciong Z.
- Galvano F.
- Gao J.
- Garcia-de-la-Hera M.
- Garnett S.P.
- Gaspoz J.-M.
- Gasull M.
- Gazzinelli A.
- Geleijnse J.M.
- Ghanbari A.
- Ghasemi E.
- Gheorghe-Fronea O.-F.
- Ghimire A.
- Giampaoli S.
- Gianfagna F.
- Gill T.K.
- Giovannelli J.
- Gironella G.
- Giwercman A.
- Goltzman D.
- Gonzalez A.R.
- Gonzalez-Chica D.A.
- Gonzalez-Gross M.
- González-Rivas J.P.
- González-Villalpando C.
- González-Villalpando M.-E.
- Gonçalves H.
- Gottrand F.
- Graff-Iversen S.
- Grafnetter D.
- Gregg E.W.
- Gregor R.D.
- Grodzicki T.
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- Guallar-Castillón P.
- Guan O.P.
- Gudmundsson E.F.
- Gudnason V.
- Guerrero R.
- Guessous I.
- Gulayin P.
- Gunnlaugsdottir J.
- Gupta R.
- Gutierrez L.
- Gutzwiller F.
- Ha S.
- Hadaegh F.
- Haghshenas R.
- Hakimi H.
- Hambleton I.R.
- Hamzeh B.
- Hantunen S.
- Hashemi-Shahri S.M.
- Hata J.
- Haugsgjerd T.
- Hayes A.J.
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- Henriques A.
- Herrala S.
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- Hill A.G.
- Ho S.C.
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- Hobbs M.
- Hofman A.
- Homayounfar R.
- Hopman W.M.
- Horimoto A.R.V.R.
- Hormiga C.M.
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- Howitt C.
- Htay T.T.
- Htet A.S.
- Htike M.M.T.
- Huerta J.M.
- Huhtaniemi I.T.
- Huisman M.
- Hunsberger M.L.
- Husseini A.S.
- Huybrechts I.
- Hwalla N.
- Iacoviello L.
- Iannone A.G.
- Ibrahim M.M.
- Iglesia I.
- Ikeda N.
- Ikram M.A.
- Iotova V.
- Irazola V.E.
- Ishida T.
- Islam M.
- Iurilli M.L.C.
- Iwasaki M.
- Jackson R.T.
- Jacobs J.M.
- Jaddou H.Y.
- Jafar T.
- James K.
- Jamrozik K.
- Janszky I.
- Janus E.
- Jarvelin M.-R.
- Jasienska G.
- Jelakovic A.
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- Jennings G.
- Jensen G.B.
- Jeong S.-L.
- Jha A.K.
- Jiang C.Q.
- Jimenez R.O.
- Joffres M.
- Jokelainen J.J.
- Jonas J.B.
- Joshi P.
- Joukar F.
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- Jérome C.S.
- Józwiak J.
- Jöckel K.-H.
- Jørgensen T.
- Kafatos A.
- Kajantie E.O.
- Kakarmath S.
- Kalter-Leibovici O.
- Kamaruddin N.A.
- Kamstrup P.R.
- Karki K.B.
- Katz J.
- Kauhanen J.
- Kaur P.
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- Kazakbaeva G.
- Keil U.
- Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S.
- Kelishadi R.
- Kengne A.P.
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- Kersting M.
- Khader Y.S.
- Khalili D.
- Khang Y.-H.
- Khateeb M.
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- Killewo J.
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- Klumbiene J.
- Knoflach M.
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- Kohler H.-P.
- Kohler I.V.
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- Kolsteren P.
- Korpelainen R.
- Korrovits P.
- Kos J.
- Koskinen S.
- Kouda K.
- Kowlessur S.
- Kratzer W.
- Kriemler S.
- Kristensen P.L.
- Krokstad S.
- Kromhout D.
- Kujala U.M.
- Kumar R.H.
- Kurjata P.
- Kuulasmaa K.
- Kyobutungi C.
- König J.
- Laamiri F.Z.
- Laatikainen T.
- Lachat C.
- Laid Y.
- Lam T.H.
- Lambrinou C.-P.
- Lanska V.
- Lappas G.
- Larijani B.
- Latt T.S.
- Laugsand L.E.
- Laxmaiah A.
- Lazo-Porras M.
- Lee J.
- Lehmann N.
- Lehtimäki T.
- Levitt N.S.
- Li Y.
- Lilly C.L.
- Lim W.-Y.
- Lima-Costa M.F.
- Lin H.-H.
- Lin X.
- Lin Y.-T.
- Lind L.
- Linneberg A.
- Lissner L.
- Liu J.
- Loit H.-M.
- Lopez T.
- Lopez-Garcia E.
- Lotufo P.A.
- Lozano J.E.
- Luksiene D.
- Lundqvist A.
- Lundqvist R.
- Lunet N.
- Ma G.
- Machado-Coelho G.L.L.
- Machado-Rodrigues A.M.
- Machi S.
- Madar A.A.
- Maggi S.
- Magliano D.J.
- Magriplis E.
- Mahasampath G.
- Maire B.
- Makdisse M.
- Malekzadeh F.
- Malekzadeh R.
- Manios Y.
- Mann J.I.
- Mansour-Ghanaei F.
- Manzato E.
- Margozzini P.
- Marques-Vidal P.
- Martinez A.R.
- Martorell R.
- Mascarenhas L.P.
- Mathiesen E.B.
- Mathur P.
- Matsha T.E.
- Mavrogianni C.
- McFarlane S.R.
- McGarvey S.T.
- McLachlan S.
- McLean R.M.
- McLean S.B.
- McNulty B.A.
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- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 27/10/2022
- Field of study
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.</p
Open data from the third observing run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO
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- Publication venue
- American Astronomical Society
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at https://gwosc.org. The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages
Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo
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- Publication venue
- American Astronomical Society
- Publication date
- 01/10/2024
- Field of study
Despite the growing number of binary black hole coalescences confidently observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include the effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that have already been identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total source-frame mass M > 70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz emitted gravitational-wave frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place a conservative upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0 < e ≤ 0.3 at 16.9 Gpc−3 yr−1 at the 90% confidence level
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
- Author
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High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol�which is a marker of cardiovascular risk�changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95 credible interval 3.7 million�4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited
Variable Sociability in Agent-Based Decision Making
- Author
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/1999
- Field of study
Multi-agent system research is concerned with the issues surrounding the performance of collections of interacting agents. A major concern, therefore, is with the design of the decision making mechanism that the individual agents employ in order to determine which actions to take to achieve their goals. An attractive and much sought after property of this mechanism is that it produces decisions that are rational from the perspective of the individual agent. However, agents are also inherently social. Moreover, individual and social concerns often conflict, perhaps leading to inefficient performance of the individual and the system. To address these problems we propose a formal decision making framework, based on social welfare functions, that combines social and individual perspectives in a unified and flexible manner. The framework is realised in an exemplar computational setting and an empirical analysis is made of the relative performance of varying sociable decision making functions in a range of environments
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