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Guest Editorial: Satellite Systems, Applications and Networking.
yesGuest Editorial of Special Issue (featuring eight original papers, comprising 133 pages in total). Whilst satellite systems continue to be at the forefront of broadcast communication
service provision, they have an increasingly important role to play in the provision of
global Internet services. There has been a strong trend towards convergence of
communication services in recent times, with the Internet providing the ideal platform
on which to base such convergence. Even traditional circuit-switched applications
(such as voice and video streaming) have been shown to work effectively over the
Internet. Although the Internet is prevalent in the developed world, satellites are vital
to extending this into more remote and sparsely populated regions of the world. It is
therefore important that satellite technology is advanced to provide seamless
interoperability with the Internet and adequate Quality of Service (QoS) support. The
purpose of this special issue is to present research devoted to furthering satellite
technology and networking to support the provision of both current and future
applications
Electromagnetic radiation from collisions at almost the speed of light: an extremely relativistic charged particle falling into a Schwarzschild black hole
We investigate the electromagnetic radiation released during the high energy
collision of a charged point particle with a four-dimensional Schwarzschild
black hole. We show that the spectra is flat, and well described by a classical
calculation. We also compare the total electromagnetic and gravitational
energies emitted, and find that the former is supressed in relation to the
latter for very high energies. These results could apply to the astrophysical
world in the case charged stars and small charged black holes are out there
colliding into large black holes, and to a very high energy collision
experiment in a four-dimensional world. In this latter scenario the calculation
is to be used for the moments just after the black hole formation, when the
collision of charged debris with the newly formed black hole is certainly
expected. Since the calculation is four-dimensional, it does not directly apply
to Tev-scale gravity black holes, as these inhabit a world of six to eleven
dimensions, although our results should qualitatively hold when extrapolated
with some care to higher dimensions.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Zeta function determinant of the Laplace operator on the -dimensional ball
We present a direct approach for the calculation of functional determinants
of the Laplace operator on balls. Dirichlet and Robin boundary conditions are
considered. Using this approach, formulas for any value of the dimension, ,
of the ball, can be obtained quite easily. Explicit results are presented here
for dimensions and .Comment: 22 pages, one figure appended as uuencoded postscript fil
Dynamic Critical Behavior of the Chayes-Machta Algorithm for the Random-Cluster Model. I. Two Dimensions
We study, via Monte Carlo simulation, the dynamic critical behavior of the
Chayes-Machta dynamics for the Fortuin-Kasteleyn random-cluster model, which
generalizes the Swendsen-Wang dynamics for the q-state Potts ferromagnet to
non-integer q \ge 1. We consider spatial dimension d=2 and 1.25 \le q \le 4 in
steps of 0.25, on lattices up to 1024^2, and obtain estimates for the dynamic
critical exponent z_{CM}. We present evidence that when 1 \le q \lesssim 1.95
the Ossola-Sokal conjecture z_{CM} \ge \beta/\nu is violated, though we also
present plausible fits compatible with this conjecture. We show that the
Li-Sokal bound z_{CM} \ge \alpha/\nu is close to being sharp over the entire
range 1 \le q \le 4, but is probably non-sharp by a power. As a byproduct of
our work, we also obtain evidence concerning the corrections to scaling in
static observables.Comment: LaTeX2e, 75 pages including 26 Postscript figure
Beneficial effect of 24-month bilateral subthalamic stimulation on quality of sleep in Parkinson's disease
BACKGROUND
Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves quality of life (QoL), motor, and sleep symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the long-term effects of STN-DBS on sleep and its relationship with QoL outcome are unclear.
METHODS
In this prospective, observational, multicenter study including 73 PD patients undergoing bilateral STN-DBS, we examined PDSleep Scale (PDSS), PDQuestionnaire-8 (PDQ-8), Scales for Outcomes in PD-motor examination, -activities of daily living, and -complications (SCOPA-A, -B, -C), and levodopa-equivalent daily dose (LEDD) preoperatively, at 5 and 24 months follow-up. Longitudinal changes were analyzed with Friedman-tests or repeated-measures ANOVA, when parametric tests were applicable, and Bonferroni-correction for multiple comparisons. Post-hoc, visits were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank/t-tests. The magnitude of clinical responses was investigated using effect size.
RESULTS
Significant beneficial effects of STN-DBS were observed for PDSS, PDQ-8, SCOPA-A, -B, and -C. All outcomes improved significantly at 5 months with subsequent decrements in gains at 24 months follow-up which were significant for PDSS, PDQ-8, and SCOPA-B. Comparing baseline and 24 months follow-up, we observed significant improvements of PDSS (small effect), SCOPA-A (moderate effect), -C, and LEDD (large effects). PDSS and PDQ-8 improvements correlated significantly at 5 and 24 months follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
In this multicenter study with a 24 months follow-up, we report significant sustained improvements after bilateral STN-DBS using a PD-specific sleep scale and a significant relationship between sleep and QoL improvements. This highlights the importance of sleep in holistic assessments of DBS outcomes
Modeling magnetospheric fields in the Jupiter system
The various processes which generate magnetic fields within the Jupiter
system are exemplary for a large class of similar processes occurring at other
planets in the solar system, but also around extrasolar planets. Jupiter's
large internal dynamo magnetic field generates a gigantic magnetosphere, which
is strongly rotational driven and possesses large plasma sources located deeply
within the magnetosphere. The combination of the latter two effects is the
primary reason for Jupiter's main auroral ovals. Jupiter's moon Ganymede is the
only known moon with an intrinsic dynamo magnetic field, which generates a
mini-magnetosphere located within Jupiter's larger magnetosphere including two
auroral ovals. Ganymede's magnetosphere is qualitatively different compared to
the one from Jupiter. It possesses no bow shock but develops Alfv\'en wings
similar to most of the extrasolar planets which orbit their host stars within
0.1 AU. New numerical models of Jupiter's and Ganymede's magnetospheres
presented here provide quantitative insight into the processes that maintain
these magnetospheres. Jupiter's magnetospheric field is approximately
time-periodic at the locations of Jupiter's moons and induces secondary
magnetic fields in electrically conductive layers such as subsurface oceans. In
the case of Ganymede, these secondary magnetic fields influence the oscillation
of the location of its auroral ovals. Based on dedicated Hubble Space Telescope
observations, an analysis of the amplitudes of the auroral oscillations
provides evidence that Ganymede harbors a subsurface ocean. Callisto in
contrast does not possess a mini-magnetosphere, but still shows a perturbed
magnetic field environment. Callisto's ionosphere and atmospheric UV emission
is different compared to the other Galilean satellites as it is primarily been
generated by solar photons compared to magnetospheric electrons.Comment: Chapter for Book: Planetary Magnetis
First Observation of Coherent Production in Neutrino Nucleus Interactions with 2 GeV
The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab has amassed the largest sample to date
of s produced in neutral current (NC) neutrino-nucleus interactions at
low energy. This paper reports a measurement of the momentum distribution of
s produced in mineral oil (CH) and the first observation of coherent
production below 2 GeV. In the forward direction, the yield of events
observed above the expectation for resonant production is attributed primarily
to coherent production off carbon, but may also include a small contribution
from diffractive production on hydrogen. Integrated over the MiniBooNE neutrino
flux, the sum of the NC coherent and diffractive modes is found to be (19.5
1.1 (stat) 2.5 (sys))% of all exclusive NC production at
MiniBooNE. These measurements are of immediate utility because they quantify an
important background to MiniBooNE's search for
oscillations.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Lett.
Effect of alloy treatment and coiling temperature on microstructure and bending performance of ultra-high strength strip steel
Two different high strength B-containing microalloyed steel strips produced in industrial processing conditions, one treated with Ti and the other treated with Al, processed by controlled rolling, accelerated cooling and coiling in two different temperatures ranges [723 K to 733 K (450 °C to 460 °C)] and [633 K to 653 K (360 °C to 380 °C)] were subjected to bend testing. The Ti treated steel coiled at the higher temperature 733 K (460 °C) showed the best bending performance. The relatively softer (tensile strength of and even {112} in the sub-surface region as well as uniformity of through thickness texture of the rolled sheet improve the bendability. In the presence of crack initiators, like coarse and brittle TiN particles found in the Ti treated steel, a harder microstructure and the presence of Cube and Goss texture in the sub-surface layer, seen for the lower coiling temperature can cause local transgranular cleavage cracking. Finally the post-uniform elongation obtained from tensile testing and bendability follow a good correlation
Test of Lorentz and CPT violation with Short Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Excesses
The sidereal time dependence of MiniBooNE electron neutrino and anti-electron
neutrino appearance data are analyzed to search for evidence of Lorentz and CPT
violation. An unbinned Kolmogorov-Smirnov test shows both the electron neutrino
and anti-electron neutrino appearance data are compatible with the null
sidereal variation hypothesis to more than 5%. Using an unbinned likelihood fit
with a Lorentz-violating oscillation model derived from the Standard Model
Extension (SME) to describe any excess events over background, we find that the
electron neutrino appearance data prefer a sidereal time-independent solution,
and the anti-electron neutrino appearance data slightly prefer a sidereal
time-dependent solution. Limits of order 10E-20 GeV are placed on combinations
of SME coefficients. These limits give the best limits on certain SME
coefficients for muon neutrino to electron neutrino and anti-muon neutrino to
anti-electron neutrino oscillations. The fit values and limits of combinations
of SME coefficients are provided.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, and 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters
Entropy Stable Finite Volume Approximations for Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics
This article serves as a summary outlining the mathematical entropy analysis of the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. We select the ideal MHD equations as they are particularly useful for mathematically modeling a wide variety of magnetized fluids. In order to be self-contained we first motivate the physical properties of a magnetic fluid and how it should behave under the laws of thermodynamics. Next, we introduce a mathematical model built from hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) that translate physical laws into mathematical equations. After an overview of the continuous analysis, we thoroughly describe the derivation of a numerical approximation of the ideal MHD system that remains consistent to the continuous thermodynamic principles. The derivation of the method and the theorems contained within serve as the bulk of the review article. We demonstrate that the derived numerical approximation retains the correct entropic properties of the continuous model and show its applicability to a variety of standard numerical test cases for MHD schemes. We close with our conclusions and a brief discussion on future work in the area of entropy consistent numerical methods and the modeling of plasmas
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