113 research outputs found

    Cartographie de la péridotite de Ronda (Espagne) par télédétection hyperspectrale : données AVIRIS

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    La pĂ©ridotite de Ronda, au sud de l’Andalousie (Espagne), a Ă©tĂ© imagĂ©e par AVIRIS en 1991 et partiellement Ă©chantillonnĂ©e par nous-mĂȘme sur le terrain Ă  l’aide d’un spectromĂštre GER 3700 en 1997 dans le but d’acquĂ©rir une expĂ©rience dans le traitement des images hyperspectrales des surfaces planĂ©taires Ă  l’aide de sondes telle que ISM Phobos (1989), OMEGA Mars Express (2003) and VIMS Cassini (2004). La haute rĂ©solution spectrale des images (224 canaux rĂ©partis entre 400 et 2 455 nm) est nĂ©cessaire Ă  la conduite d’une analyse gĂ©ologique avec identification Ă  distance des faciĂšs pĂ©trologiques. Sur Terre, il est aussi nĂ©cessaire de dĂ©terminer les espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales Ă  cause de leur grande influence sur la cartographie des faciĂšs pĂ©trologiques, mĂȘme dans des rĂ©gions relativement arides comme celle de la pĂ©ridotite de Ronda. Cependant, la pĂ©ridotite de Ronda reste un bon site test. L’image AVIRIS de Ronda est d’abord analysĂ©e par photo-interprĂ©tation. Des compositions colorĂ©es (affichĂ©es sur les canaux rouge, vert et bleu visibles) sont construites Ă  partir de 3 canaux visibles et/ou infrarouge choisis parmi les 150 canaux utiles (le dernier dĂ©tecteur AVIRIS ne fonctionnant pas en 1991). Ces compositions colorĂ©es permettant de visualiser les principales caractĂ©ristiques gĂ©ologiques du visible Ă  l’infrarouge, il est alors possible de les comparer Ă  des cartes gĂ©ologiques, puis aux mesures de terrain de la campagne de juillet 1997. Cette analyse visuelle permet de distinguer trĂšs facilement le massif de pĂ©ridotite de ses roches avoisinantes (gneiss, marbres, grĂšs et calcaires) ainsi que de mettre en Ă©vidence une nette zonation en serpentine habituellement non cartographiĂ©e. Ce travail faisant suite Ă  celui de Chabrillat et al. [2000] nous avons pris le parti d’explorer une autre voie que celle des analyses en composantes principales en cherchant Ă  retirer couche par couche les diffĂ©rents Ă©lĂ©ments Ă  l’origine de la rĂ©ponse spectrale de la pĂ©ridotite de Ronda. Nous avons aussi pris le parti de ne nous fier qu’aux mesures de terrain et de ne jamais avoir recours Ă  des Ă©chantillons d’image pour effectuer des classifications car notre expĂ©rience du terrain nous a clairement montrĂ© qu’aucun pixel n’était constituĂ© d’une seule composante Ă  100 %

    Seasonality of microphytobenthos revealed by remote-sensing in a south european estuary

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    The spatio-temporal variation of microphytobenthos (MPB) at the scale of a large estuary (Tagus estuary, Portugal) was studied using a combination of field and satellite remot esensing data during 2003.This is the first attempt to use remote sensing to study MPB in an ecosystem with a Mediterranean -like climate. Satellite pour l'Observation de la Terre(SPOT) and Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MERIS) images were used to map benthic microalgae through the application of a Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI).A significant relationship between in-situ benthic chlorophyll a measurements and SPOT NDVI values was used to derive a map for biomass spatial distribution. At the scale of the whole intertidal area, NDVI time-series from 2003 revealed that MPB showed clear temporal variations,with lower values observed in summercompared to winter.This seasonal trend was found both in the SPOT and MERIS images and maybe the result of extreme high temperatures that inhibit MPB growth.Thema in MPB biofilms were spatially stable through time at a large scale.Maximum NDVI values during the winter were found in the high shore with decreasing NDVI values towards the low shore. MPB light limitation at the lowest bathymetries is likely to occur in winter due to the high turbidity of Tagus estuary. The biomass spatial distribution map,obtained for January 2003,indicated low values ranging from 0 to 20 mg Chl am-2 for the lower shores, while in the upper shore biomass varied between 60 and 80 mg Chl am-2. This study suggests striking differences in MPB seasonal patterns between the northern and southern European estuaries and stresses the need for ecophysiological approaches to investigate the role of thermo-andphoto-inhibition as structuring factors for MPB biomass distribution

    Decrypting magnetic fabrics (AMS, AARM, AIRM) through the analysis of mineral shape fabrics and distribution anisotropy

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    The fieldwork was supported by the DIPS project (grant no. 240467) and the MIMES project (grant no. 244155) funded by the Norwegian Research Council awarded to O.G. O.P.'s position was funded from Y-TEC.Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and anisotropy of magnetic remanence (AARM and AIRM) are efficient and versatile techniques to indirectly determine rock fabrics. Yet, deciphering the source of a magnetic fabric remains a crucial and challenging step, notably in the presence of ferrimagnetic phases. Here we use X-ray micro-computed tomography to directly compare mineral shape-preferred orientation and spatial distribution fabrics to AMS, AARM and AIRM fabrics from five hypabyssal trachyandesite samples. Magnetite grains in the trachyandesite are euhedral with a mean aspect ratio of 1.44 (0.24 s.d., long/short axis), and > 50% of the magnetite grains occur in clusters, and they are therefore prone to interact magnetically. Amphibole grains are prolate with magnetite in breakdown rims. We identified three components of the petrofabric that influence the AMS of the analyzed samples: the magnetite and the amphibole shape fabrics and the magnetite spatial distribution. Depending on their relative strength, orientation and shape, these three components interfere either constructively or destructively to produce the AMS fabric. If the three components are coaxial, the result is a relatively strongly anisotropic AMS fabric (P’ = 1.079). If shape fabrics and/or magnetite distribution are non-coaxial, the resulting AMS is weakly anisotropic (P’ = 1.012). This study thus reports quantitative petrofabric data that show the effect of magnetite distribution anisotropy on magnetic fabrics in igneous rocks, which has so far only been predicted by experimental and theoretical models. Our results have first-order implications for the interpretation of petrofabrics using magnetic methods.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

    Flow patttern detection in magmas

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    International audienc

    Mise en évidence des écoulements magmatiques par analyse d'images 2-D des distributions 3-D d'Orientations Préférentielles de Formes

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    National audienc

    Mise en évidence des écoulements magmatiques par analyse d'images 2-D des distributions 3-D d'Orientations Préférentielles de Formes

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    National audienc

    Mesure et signification des orientations préférentielles de formes à 3 dimensions dans les magmas

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    National audienc
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