857 research outputs found
What price planning? Re-imagining planning as as market maker.
Planning has been widely vilified for the role it plays in disrupting the development process, hindering economic growth and creating the conditions for undersupply in housing markets, characterised by unaffordability. In this paper we hope to show that the analyses that support this view of planning are incomplete because of the theoretical limitations of the neoclassical tradition from which they emerge. By way of alternative we posit an account of planning that draws upon game theory and behavioural economics to explore those aspects of the activity that serve to animate the development process. This interpretation of planning as a âmarket makerâ is explored through empirical case study research from three continental European contexts where planning is charged with playing an economically active role to control liquidity
Recommended from our members
Analysis of water-level data in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, 1985--95
From 1985 through 1995, a water-level network that consists of 28 wells for monitoring 36 depth intervals has been maintained in the Yucca Mountain area. The network includes wells that were measured manually, approximately monthly, and/or measured hourly with a transducer/data logger system. Manual water-level measurements were made with either calibrated steel tapes or single or multiconductor-cable units. All wells monitor water levels in Tertiary volcanic rocks, except one that monitors water levels in Paleozoic carbonate rocks. Annual mean water-level altitudes for all wells for the period 1985-95 ranged from 727.93 to 1,034.60 meters. The maximum range in water-level change between monthly measurements and/or monthly mean values was 12.22 meters in well USW H-3 lower interval, and the minimum range was 0.31 meter in wells UE-25 b-1 upper interval, and J-11. In 31 of the 36 depth intervals monitored, the range of water-level change was less than 1 meter. The range of standard deviation of all depth interval measurements for all wells that were monitored was 0.053 to 3.098 meters. No seasonal water-level trends were detected in any of the wells, and regional ground-water withdrawals did not appear to cause water-level changes. Most annual water-level fluctuations can be attributed to barometric and Earth-tide changes. Regional earthquakes, which occurred on June 28--29, 1992, might have simultaneously affected the water level in seven wells. Periods of rising and declining water levels were observed in most wells. However, 11 years of record were not sufficient to determine if these periods were cyclic. Because a goal of monitoring water levels at Yucca Mountain is to determine if there are water-level trends that could affect the potential repository, observed water-level changes over the period of this report may not be representative of the overall long-term trends in water levels
CV19017
This report provides the results of the seventh underwater television on the âPorcupine Bank Nephrops groundsâ ICES assessment area; Functional Unit 16. The survey was multi-disciplinary in nature collecting UWTV, CTD and other ecosystem data. In total 65 UWTV stations were successfully completed in a randomised 6 nautical mile isometric grid covering the full spatial extent of the stock. The mean burrow density observed in 2019, adjusted for edge effect, was 0.14 burrows/mÂČ. The final krigged abundance estimate was 1010 million burrows with a relative standard error of 5% and an estimated stock area of 7,130 km2. The 2019 abundance estimate was 9.5% lower than in 2018. Using the 2019 estimate of abundance and updated stock data implies catches between 2127 and 2637 tonnes in 2020 that correspond to the F ranges in the EU multi annual plan for Western Waters (assuming that all catch is landed). Four species of sea-pen; Virgularia mirabilis, Funiculina quadrangularis, Pennatula phosphorea and the deepwater sea-pen Kophobelemnon stelliferum were observed during the survey. Trawl marks were also observed on 31% of the stations surveyed
Building Terrestrial Planets
This paper reviews our current understanding of terrestrial planets
formation. The focus is on computer simulations of the dynamical aspects of the
accretion process. Throughout the chapter, we combine the results of these
theoretical models with geochemical, cosmochemical and chronological
constraints, in order to outline a comprehensive scenario of the early
evolution of our Solar System. Given that the giant planets formed first in the
protoplanetary disk, we stress the sensitive dependence of the terrestrial
planet accretion process on the orbital architecture of the giant planets and
on their evolution. This suggests a great diversity among the terrestrial
planets populations in extrasolar systems. Issues such as the cause for the
different masses and accretion timescales between Mars and the Earth and the
origin of water (and other volatiles) on our planet are discussed at depth
Physical interpretation of gauge invariant perturbations of spherically symmetric space-times
By calculating the Newman-Penrose Weyl tensor components of a perturbed
spherically symmetric space-time with respect to invariantly defined classes of
null tetrads, we give a physical interpretation, in terms of gravitational
radiation, of odd parity gauge invariant metric perturbations. We point out how
these gauge invariants may be used in setting boundary and/or initial
conditions in perturbation theory.Comment: 6 pages. To appear in PR
On the existence of dyons and dyonic black holes in Einstein-Yang-Mills theory
We study dyonic soliton and black hole solutions of the
Einstein-Yang-Mills equations in asymptotically anti-de Sitter space. We prove
the existence of non-trivial dyonic soliton and black hole solutions in a
neighbourhood of the trivial solution. For these solutions the magnetic gauge
field function has no zeros and we conjecture that at least some of these
non-trivial solutions will be stable. The global existence proof uses local
existence results and a non-linear perturbation argument based on the (Banach
space) implicit function theorem.Comment: 23 pages, 2 figures. Minor revisions; references adde
Surprises in the Orbital Magnetic Moment and g-Factor of the Dynamic Jahn-Teller Ion C_{60}^-
We calculate the magnetic susceptibility and g-factor of the isolated
C_{60}^- ion at zero temperature, with a proper treatment of the dynamical
Jahn-Teller effect, and of the associated orbital angular momentum, Ham-reduced
gyromagnetic ratio, and molecular spin-orbit coupling. A number of surprises
emerge. First, the predicted molecular spin-orbit splitting is two orders of
magnitude smaller than in the bare carbon atom, due to the large radius of
curvature of the molecule. Second, this reduced spin-orbit splitting is
comparable to Zeeman energies, for instance, in X-band EPR at 3.39KGauss, and a
field dependence of the g-factor is predicted. Third, the orbital gyromagnetic
factor is strongly reduced by vibron coupling, and so therefore are the
effective weak-field g-factors of all low-lying states. In particular, the
ground-state doublet of C_{60}^- is predicted to show a negative g-factor of
\sim -0.1.Comment: 19 pages RevTex, 2 postscript figures include
The long helical jet of the Lighthouse nebula, IGR J11014-6103
Jets from rotation-powered pulsars have so far only been observed in systems
moving subsonically trough their ambient medium and/or embedded in their
progenitor supernova remnant (SNR). Supersonic runaway pulsars are also
expected to produce jets, but they have not been confirmed so far. We
investigated the nature of the jet-like structure associated to the INTEGRAL
source IGR J11014-6103 (the "Lighthouse nebula"). The source is a neutron star
escaping its parent SNR MSH 11-61A supersonically at a velocity exceeding 1000
km/s. We observed the Lighthouse nebula and its jet-like X-ray structure
through dedicated high spatial resolution observations in X-rays (Chandra) and
radio band (ATCA). Our results show that the feature is a true pulsar's jet. It
extends highly collimated over >11pc, displays a clear precession-like
modulation, and propagates nearly perpendicular to the system direction of
motion, implying that the neutron star's spin axis in IGR J11014-6103 is almost
perpendicular to the direction of the kick received during the supernova
explosion. Our findings suggest that jets are common to rotation-powered
pulsars, and demonstrate that supernovae can impart high kick velocities to
misaligned spinning neutron stars, possibly through distinct, exotic,
core-collapse mechanisms.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Discussion (sec.3) expanded and typos
fixed; results unchanged. Published on A&
The acquisition of Sign Language: The impact of phonetic complexity on phonology
Research into the effect of phonetic complexity on phonological acquisition has a long history in spoken languages. This paper considers the effect of phonetics on phonological development in a signed language. We report on an experiment in which nonword-repetition methodology was adapted so as to examine in a systematic way how phonetic complexity in two phonological parameters of signed languages â handshape and movement â affects the perception and articulation of signs. Ninety-one Deaf children aged 3â11 acquiring British Sign Language (BSL) and 46 hearing nonsigners aged 6â11 repeated a set of 40 nonsense signs. For Deaf children, repetition accuracy improved with age, correlated with wider BSL abilities, and was lowest for signs that were phonetically complex. Repetition accuracy was correlated with fine motor skills for the youngest children. Despite their lower repetition accuracy, the hearing group were similarly affected by phonetic complexity, suggesting that common visual and motoric factors are at play when processing linguistic information in the visuo-gestural modality
- âŠ