224 research outputs found
Dritter Bericht über die von der Wiener Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in den k. u. k. Kriegsgefangenenlagern veranlaßten Studien : überreicht am 8. November 1916
Vierter Bericht über die von der Wiener Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in den k. u. k. Kriegsgefangenenlagern veranlaßten Studien : überreicht am 5. Juni 1917
Designing Dynamic Inductive Charging Infrastructures for Airport Aprons with Multiple Vehicle Types
In the effort to combat climate change, the CO2 emissions of the aviation sector must be reduced. The traffic caused by numerous types of ground vehicles on airport aprons currently contributes to those emissions as the vehicles typically operate with combustion engines, which is why an electrification of those vehicles has already begun. While stationary conductive charging of the vehicles is the current standard technology, dynamic wireless charging might be an attractive technological alternative, in particular for airport aprons; however, designing a charging network for an airport apron is a challenging task with important technical and economic aspects. In this paper, we propose a model to characterize the problem, especially for cases of multiple types of vehicles sharing the same charging network, such as passenger buses and baggage vehicles. In a numerical study inspired by real-world airports, we design such charging networks subject to service level constraints and evaluate the resulting structures via a discrete-event simulation, and thus, show the way to assess the margin of safety with respect to the vehicle batteries’ state of charge that is induced by the spatial structure of the charging network. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Numerical Study on Planning Inductive Charging Infrastructures for Electric Service Vehicles on Airport Aprons
Dynamic inductive charging is a contact-free technology to provide electric vehicles with energy while they are in motion, thus eliminating the need to conductively charge the batteries of those vehicles and, hence, the required vehicle downtimes. Airport aprons of commercial airports are potential systems to employ this charging technology to reduce aviation-induced CO2 emissions. To date, many vehicles operating on airport aprons are equipped with internal combustion engines burning diesel fuel, hence contributing to CO2 emissions and the global warming problem. However, airport aprons exhibit specific features that might make dynamic inductive charging technologies particularly interesting. It turns out that using this technology leads to some strategic infrastructure design questions for airport aprons about the spatial allocation of the required system components. In this paper, we experimentally analyze these design questions to explore under which conditions we can expect the resulting mathematical optimization problems to be relatively hard or easy to be solved, respectively, as well as the achievable solution quality. To this end, we report numerical results on a large-scale numerical study reflecting different types of spatial structures of terminals and airport aprons as they can be found at real-world airports
Designing Dynamic Inductive Charging Infrastructures for Airport Aprons with Multiple Vehicle Types
In the effort to combat climate change, the CO2 emissions of the aviation sector must be reduced. The traffic caused by numerous types of ground vehicles on airport aprons currently contributes to those emissions as the vehicles typically operate with combustion engines, which is why an electrification of those vehicles has already begun. While stationary conductive charging of the vehicles is the current standard technology, dynamic wireless charging might be an attractive technological alternative, in particular for airport aprons; however, designing a charging network for an airport apron is a challenging task with important technical and economic aspects. In this paper, we propose a model to characterize the problem, especially for cases of multiple types of vehicles sharing the same charging network, such as passenger buses and baggage vehicles. In a numerical study inspired by real-world airports, we design such charging networks subject to service level constraints and evaluate the resulting structures via a discrete-event simulation, and thus, show the way to assess the margin of safety with respect to the vehicle batteries’ state of charge that is induced by the spatial structure of the charging network
Electromagnetic Polarizabilities of Nucleons bound in Ca, O and He
Differential cross sections for elastic scattering of photons have been
measured for Ca at energies of 58 and 74 MeV and for O and He
at 61 MeV, in the angular range from 45 to 150. Evidence is obtained
that there are no significant in-medium modifications of the electromagnetic
polarizabilities except for those originating from meson exchange currents.Comment: 20 pages including 5 Figure
‘Khoisan’ sibling terminologies in historical perspective:A combined anthropological, linguistic and phylogenetic comparative approach
Calculating slope and ED50 of additive dose-response curves, and application of these tabulated parameter values
Evaluation of combined effects in dose-response wstudies by statistical comparison with additive and independent interactions
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