Editorial

Sin resume

Impact of texture TDS and flavour TDS tasks and of chocolate-chip biscuit characteristics on oral processing features

[EN] The objective of the present study was to investigate differences in oral activity when biscuits of the same type but with subtle composition differences are consumed and how performing a Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) task modifies the way one eats. In addition, comparisons were made between performing a texture TDS (T-TDS) and a flavour TDS (F-TDS). Oral activity while eating biscuits with and without conducting a TDS task was recorded using a 3.dimensional motion capture system to monitor the evolution of jaw movements. The results showed that oral activity evolved over the consumption time, differed depending on the texture of the sample and was affected to a small but significant extent when a TDS task was performed simultaneously (the differences averaged < 4 cycles, 1 s in duration, 0.1 cycles/s in frequency, and 1 mm in lateral displacement). The biscuit samples were affected equally. Almost no differences were found on comparing oral activity during the execution of the T-TDS and the F-TDS tasks. Overall, the present results show differences in oral activity even for food products of the same category with subtle differences in composition. Performing TDS tasks (regardless of their modality) during sample consumption affected the total number, frequency and lateral amplitude of the chewing movements which should be taken into account for future research. However, these differences were small and affected both samples equally.The authors are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of the Economy and Competitiveness (AGL-2016-75403-R, Spain) and to the Regional Government of Valencia (Project Prometeo 2017/189, Spain) for financial support.Rizo, A.; Jimenez-Pérez, I.; Camacho-García, A.; Fiszman, S.; Pérez-Soriano, P.; Tarrega, A. (2019). Impact of texture TDS and flavour TDS tasks and of chocolate-chip biscuit characteristics on oral processing features. Food Quality and Preference. 76:109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.04.005S1091177

German-speaking psychologists in English-speaking sources. Reflections on national trends in the history of psychology

The ideal of an universal science without national boundaries, has occasionally obscured the reality of the consistent national trends which have doubtless occurred in research and theorising of different specialities. In our field, according to Ribot, there were a century ago two existing branches of Psychology, in Germany and England respectively, which could be characterized by differentiating traits. This work aims to raise some reflections on the existence of these national trends in the History of Psychology, as regards to most prominent authors in the field. Our aim is to assess the presence and influence of German eminent scientists bom in the past century, in the current Psychology, as well as their possible clustering face to authors of different nationality. Both, a quantitative study of their influence on various selected English-speaking sources, and a qualitative analysis in terms of generation, nationality and scientific activity are included

Fe-rich microspheres pseudomorphs after pyrite framboids in Holocene fluvial deposits from NE Spain: Relationship with environmental conditions and bacterial activity

Three iron oxides-rich microsphere types (Type I to III) were detected in an Holocene 17 m-thick stratigraphic succession located in the Iberian Range (NE Spain). Lithofacies features indicate that the studied materials were generated in an alluvial-dominated setting, with a channeled area fringed by floodplain zones. During high water levels and high-energy floods, gravels and sands deposited in the active area and in lateral overbank areas. In these lateral areas, mud settling took place when flood decreased and then anoxic conditions could be reached due to microbial oxidation of organic matter and the low permeability of the marly sediment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of 32 samples and microtextural observation of 10 samples by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed the occurrence of Fe oxi-hydroxides microspheres showing different surficial structure. These microspheres are pseudomorphs after pyrite framboids although the formation of some primary Fe oxy-hydroxides aggregates cannot be rejected. Pyrite framboids genesis in sediments underlying oxic-dysoxic water column would have been favored by anoxic conditions reached in lateral overbank areas after main flooding, involving the activity of Fe reducing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), given the high SO 4 = availability provided by the highly mineralized groundwater from the upstream Baños de Ariño spring. Subsequent change to oxic conditions during the exposition of the floodplain enhanced the transformation of pyrite into Fe oxy-hydroxides, as well as in microenvironments around cracks and roots. Pyrite oxidation likely took place with the implication of neutrophilic iron oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea living in microaerophilic conditions, as well as cyanobacteria, given the close association of Fe oxides framboids with microbial features. In addition, pyrite and/or Fe oxi-hydroxides framboids from marl levels could have been incorporated to sand sediments during further overbank flooding episodes. Under these new oxic conditions pyrite oxidation would have been favored and even the formation of primary Fe oxy-hydroxides

Relationship between foot eversion and thermographic foot skin temperature after running

[EN] The main instruments to assess foot eversion have some limitations (especially for field applications), and therefore it is necessary to explore new methods. The objective was to determine the relationship between foot eversion and skin temperature asymmetry of the foot sole (difference between medial and lateral side), using infrared thermography. Twenty-two runners performed a running test lasting 30 min. Skin temperature of the feet soles was measured by infrared thermography before and after running. Foot eversion during running was measured by kinematic analysis. Immediately after running, weak negative correlations were observed between thermal symmetry of the rearfoot and eversion at contact time, and between thermal symmetry of the entire plantar surface of the foot and maximum eversion during stance phase (r = −0.3 and p = 0.04 in both cases). Regarding temperature variations, weak correlations were also observed (r = 0.4 and p < 0.05). The weak correlations observed in this study suggest that skin temperature is not related to foot eversion. However, these results open interesting future lines of researchSIDirección General de Investigación Científica y 397 Técnica (DGICT) (DEP2013-48420-P); Ministerio de 398 Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD) (Doctoral 399 Fellowship (FPU))

Distribution of melanopsin positive neurons in pigmented and albino mice: evidence for melanopsin interneurons in the mouse retina.

Here we have studied the population of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in adult pigmented and albino mice. Our data show that although pigmented (C57Bl/6) and albino (Swiss) mice have a similar total number of ipRGCs, their distribution is slightly different: while in pigmented mice ipRGCs are more abundant in the temporal retina, in albinos the ipRGCs are more abundant in superior retina. In both strains, ipRGCs are located in the retinal periphery, in the areas of lower Brn3a(+)RGC density. Both strains also contain displaced ipRGCs (d-ipRGCs) in the inner nuclear layer (INL) that account for 14% of total ipRGCs in pigmented mice and 5% in albinos. Tracing from both superior colliculli shows that 98% (pigmented) and 97% (albino) of the total ipRGCs, become retrogradely labeled, while double immunodetection of melanopsin and Brn3a confirms that few ipRGCs express this transcription factor in mice. Rather surprisingly, application of a retrograde tracer to the optic nerve (ON) labels all ipRGCs, except for a sub-population of the d-ipRGCs (14% in pigmented and 28% in albino, respectively) and melanopsin positive cells residing in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) of the retina. In the CMZ, between 20% (pigmented) and 24% (albino) of the melanopsin positive cells are unlabeled by the tracer and we suggest that this may be because they fail to send an axon into the ON. As such, this study provides the first evidence for a population of melanopsin interneurons in the mammalian retina

Editorial

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Quantum walk with a time-dependent coin

We introduce quantum walks with a time-dependent coin, and show how they include, as a particular case, the generalized quantum walk recently studied by Wojcik [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 180601 (2004)] which exhibits interesting dynamical localization and quasiperiodic dynamics. Our proposal allows for a much easier implementation of this particularly rich dynamics than the original one. Moreover, it allows for an additional control on the walk, which can be used to compensate for phases appearing due to external interactions. To illustrate its feasibility, we discuss an example using an optical cavity. We also derive an approximated solution in the continuous limit (long-wavelength approximation) which provides physical insight about the process

Estudio sedimentológico y mineralógico de los depósitos aluviales y fluvio-lacustres holocenos de los Baños de Ariño. (Cordillera Ibérica, NE de España)

Se han analizado los depósitos holocenos del curso medio del río Martín, cerca de Ariño (Teruel). La edad de la serie, basada en dataciones 14C, se sitúa entre 9,7 y 7,1 ka cal BP. Se han identificado 4 litofacies: gravas, arenas, margas y tobas. Las características de gravas y arenas no son homogéneas y responden a la existencia de un curso fluvial principal con aportes aluviales laterales. El sistema sedimentario también estaría alimentado por aguas subterráneas muy mineralizadas. Los niveles de toba corresponden a acumulaciones de fitoclastos y, localmente, a fitohermos. Los resultados del estudio sedimentológico y mineralógico evidencian cambios ambientales durante la primera parte del Holoceno. Se interpreta un intervalo climático árido al comienzo del Holoceno que controló el desarrollo de abanicos aluviales cortos, perpendiculares al río, en relación con una etapa importante de agradación sedimentaria localmente asociada con paleocrecidas. Los depósitos tobáceos presentes en la parte superior de los tres perfiles estudiados se relacionan con una etapa posterior más cálida y húmeda (Óptimo Climático del Holoceno) que permitió el encharcamiento del sistema y un menor aporte clástico por el desarrollo de laderas más vegetadas y estables. The Holocene deposits in the medium reaches of the Martín River in the vicinity of Ariño (Teruel) have been analysed. The sedimentary system would be fed by highly mineralized groundwater but also from surficial waters. The age of the succession, based on 14C, spans from 9.7 to 7.1 ka cal BP. Four lithofacies have been distinguished: gravel, sand, marl and tufa. Gravel and sand features are not homogeneous, due to the existence of a main fluvial thalweg but also lateral local alluvial supplies. Tufa levels are commonly made on phytoclasts although phytoherms also exist. Sedimentological and mineralogical results evince the existence of paleoenvironmental changes during the first part of the Holocene. An arid climate interval is interpreted during the Holocene onset. This interval controlled the development of short alluvial fans that expanded towards the axial river area in relation to a noticeable alluviation stage, locally associated with paleofloods. Tufas in the uppermost part of the three studied profiles are correlated with a later warmer and humid stage (Holocene Climate Optimum), when climate conditions favoured the development of ponded systems and a decrease in clastic contribution by developing more stable vegetated slopes

Amphiphilic Gemini Pyridinium-mediated incorporation of Zn(II)meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin into water-soluble gold nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy

Zn-containing porphyrins are intensely investigated for their ability to form reactive oxygen species and thereby being potent photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Some of the drawbacks of the PDT approach, such as unspecific distribution, could be addressed by means of photosensitizer drug delivery systems. In this work, we synthesize and characterize new water-soluble gold nanoparticles (GNP) stabilized by a mixture of a polyethyleneglycol-containing thiol (to improve water solubility) and a new amphiphilic gemini-type pyridinium salt, which also acts as promotor of the incorporation of the anionic photosensitizer Na-ZnTCPP into the GNP. The obtained GNP have sizes between 7 and 10 nm, as observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The incorporation of the photosensitizer caused an increase in the hydrodynamic size, detected by Dynamic Light Scattering, as well as a shift in the Surface Plasmon Resonance peak on the GNP UV–vis absorption spectra. The presence of the photosensitizer in the GNP was corroborated using Fluorescence Spectroscopy. The amount of Na-ZnTCPP was found to be 327 molecules per GNP. The porphyrin-containing Na-ZnTCPP-1·GNP showed good enhanced ability to produce singlet oxygen, compared to free Na-ZnTCPP. Their cytotoxicity and phototoxicity were investigated in vitro using two different human breast cell lines, one of tumoral origin (SKBR-3) and another of normal epithelium origin (MCF-10A). SKBR-3 cells showed higher sensitivity to Na-ZnTCCP and Na-ZnTCPP-1·GNP in dark conditions. After irradiation, no significant differences were observed between both cell lines except for 1 μM Na-ZnTCCP-1·GNP where SKBR-3 cells were also more sensitive