Cannabis, temperamento y carácter en pacientes con trastorno psicótico.

Las dimensiones del Temperamento y el Carácter han mostrado tener un perfil diferente en pacientes esquizofrénicos con respecto a individuos sanos. La identificación del perfil de personalidad en estos individuos resulta de gran interés, ya que podría llevar a estrategias de intervención temprana que podrían prevenir la aparición de la enfermedad en individuos en riesgo. Con el presente trabajo pretendemos dar una visión global del tema, mediante la construcción de un modelo que permita integrar los diferentes hallazgos en la literatura para comprender mejor su influencia en estos pacientes, para ello se utiliza el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Además se construye un modelo predictivo de las tentativas de suicidio en individuos con esquizofrenia a partir de las dimensiones del temperamento y el carácter, la severidad y la sintomatologí

Percepción de riesgo ante la COVID-19 en pobladores del municipio Manzanillo.

COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has created unprecedented challenges for health science professionals; It is up to psychologists to address a core category in this epidemiological contingency, the perception of risk. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, with the objective of describing the perception of risk in the face of COVID-19 in residents of the Popular Council No.6 of the Manzanillo municipality. The population consisted of 883 people and the sample consisted of 242 subjects selected through a simple random sampling. A survey created by the authors of the present investigation was applied. Statistical processing was carried out using absolute numbers and percentages. The results are summarized in tables. 73.6% of the surveyed population presents an inadequate perception of risk and the main way of obtaining information is the mass media with 93%. The perception of inadequate risk in the face of COVID-19, as a result of the low levels of susceptibility, severity and self-efficacy, constitutes a barrier to carry out the recommended health actions to avoid this disease.La COVID-19 es una pandemia mundial que ha creado desafíos sin precedentes para los profesionales de las ciencias de la salud; les corresponde a los psicólogos abordar una categoría medular en esta contingencia epidemiológica, la percepción de riesgo. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo de corte transversal, con el objetivo de describir la percepción de riesgo ante la COVID-19 en pobladores del Consejo Popular No.6 del municipio Manzanillo. La población quedó constituida por 883 personas y la muestra fue de 242 sujetos seleccionados a través de un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se aplicó una encuesta creada por los autores de la presente investigación. El procesamiento estadístico se realizó mediante números absolutos y porcientos. Los resultados se presentan resumidos en tablas.  El 73,6 % de la población encuestada presenta una inadecuada percepción de riesgo y la principal vía de obtención de información son los medios de comunicación masiva con un 93 %. La percepción de riesgo inadecuada ante la COVID-19, como resultado de los bajos niveles de susceptibilidad, severidad y autoeficacia, constituye una barrera para llevar a cabo las acciones de salud recomendadas para evitar esta enfermedad.COVID-19 é uma pandemia global que criou desafios sem precedentes para os profissionais de ciências da saúde; Cabe ao psicólogo abordar uma categoria central nessa contingência epidemiológica, a percepção de risco. Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo descritivo transversal, com o objetivo de descrever a percepção de risco frente ao COVID-19 em residentes do Conselho Popular nº 6 do município de Manzanillo. A população foi composta por 883 pessoas e a amostra foi composta por 242 sujeitos selecionados por meio de amostragem aleatória simples. Foi aplicada uma pesquisa criada pelos autores da presente investigação. O processamento estatístico foi realizado em números absolutos e percentuais. Os resultados estão resumidos em tabelas. 73,6% da população pesquisada apresenta percepção inadequada de risco e a principal forma de obtenção de informações é a mídia de massa com 93%. A percepção de risco inadequado frente à COVID-19, em decorrência dos baixos níveis de suscetibilidade, gravidade e autoeficácia, constitui uma barreira para a realização das ações de saúde preconizadas para evitar essa doença

Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus A16 and A6 associated with hand, foot and mouth disease in Spain

Producción CientíficaHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a childhood illness frequently caused by genotypes belonging to the enterovirus A species, including coxsackievirus (CV)-A16 and enterovirus (EV)-71. Between 2010 and 2012, several outbreaks and sporadic cases of HFMD occurred in different regions of Spain. The objective of the present study was to describe the enterovirus epidemiology associated with HFMD in the country. A total of 80 patients with HFMD or atypical rash were included. Detection and typing of the enteroviruses were performed directly in clinical samples using molecular methods. Enteroviruses were detected in 53 of the patients (66%). CV-A6 was the most frequent genotype, followed by CV-A16 and EV-71, but other minority types were also identified. Interestingly, during almost all of 2010, CV-A16 was the only causative agent of HFMD but by the end of the year and during 2011, CV-A6 became predominant, while CV-A16 was not detected. In 2012, however, both CV-A6 and CV-A16 circulated. EV-71 was associated with HFMD symptoms only in three cases during 2012. All Spanish CV-A6 sequences segregated into one major genetic cluster together with other European and Asian strains isolated between 2008 and 2011, most forming a particular clade. Spanish EV-71 strains belonged to subgenogroup C2, as did most of the European sequences circulated. In conclusion, the recent increase of HFMD cases in Spain and other European countries has been due to a larger incidence of circulating species A enteroviruses, mainly CV-A6 and CV-A16, and the emergence of new genetic variants of these viruses

Estrategia educativa para la formación de la valoración de los factores estresantes en los adultos mayores.

This research responds to the need of favoring the assessment of the stressful factors in relation to the personal resources, due to the increase of the vulnerability of the stress that limits the sociocultural development of the elders who study in the Informatics Youth Club in Manzanillo. It was performed since September 2012 to September 2013. It is a descriptive study that presents a strategy of educative behavior directed to the education for the knowledge of the stress based on the excercise of the assessment category as a main point of facing it by the elderly. The methods applied were: the analysis and synthesis, induction-deduction, systemic- structural- functional, historical- logical analysis, observation, surveys, interviews and the methods of psychological assessment. The application of this scientific tool will promote the necessary changes that should be produced in the life styles of senescents when the level of knowledge increases, which will favor the health action of promotion and prevention of diseases in the population of the third age from the role of the scientific community.La presente investigación responde a la necesidad de favorecer la valoración de los factores estresantes en relación con los recursos personológicos, debido al incremento de la vulnerabilidad del estrés que limita el desarrollo sociocultural del adulto mayor que cursa estudios en el Joven Club de Computación Manzanillo I, se realizó de septiembre del 2012 a septiembre del 2013. Es un estudio descriptivo que expone una estrategia de carácter educativo dirigido a la educación para el conocimiento del estrés basado en el ejercicio de la categoría de la valoración como un constituyente esencial del afrontamiento en los adultos mayores. Los métodos esgrimidos fueron; el analítico y sintético, Inductivo y deductivo, sistémico estructural funcional, Análisis histórico-lógico, observación, encuestas, entrevistas y los métodos de evaluación psicológica. La aplicación de este instrumento científico promoverá cambios necesarios que deben producirse en los estilos de vida de los senescentes, una vez elevado el nivel de conocimientos, lo que potenciará la acción salubrista de promoción de salud y prevención de enfermedades en la población de la tercera edad, desde el papel de la comunidad científica

Globalización y trabajo: cambios tecnológicos y nueva regulación laboral

La pobreza laboral, el empleo vulnerable y la falta de oportunidades de trabajo se han disparado a niveles históricos afectando, en mayor medida, a mujeres y jóvenes de diferentes estratos sociales. Por la importancia de estos temas y la compleja relación entre la dinámica de la economía mundial globalizada y los procesos de reestructuración de los mercados de trabajo, en el VIII Seminario de Economía del Trabajo y la Tecnología realizado en el Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas de la UNAM, los días 5, 6 y 7 de noviembre de 2013, se abordó el análisis de los mercados laborales y su posible evolución bajo los ejes temáticos siguientes: el cambio tecnológico, el aumento en la demanda de trabajadores con mayor capacitación y los desafíos que el derecho del trabajo tiene para desarrollar una regulación que incorpore la reconfiguración de las relaciones laborales a fin de atender las necesidades de empleo de calidad de las próximas generaciones de trabajadores

Sarcoptic mange in wild ruminants in Spain : solving the epidemiological enigma using microsatellite markers

In Spain, sarcoptic mange was first described in native wildlife in 1987 in Cazorla Natural Park, causing the death of nearly 95% of the local native population of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Since then, additional outbreaks have been identified in several populations of ibex and other wild ungulate species throughout the country. Although the first epizootic outbreak in wildlife was attributed to the introduction of an infected herd of domestic goats, the origin and the cause of its persistence remain unclear. The main aims of this study are to understand (i) the number of Sarcoptes scabiei " strains" circulating in wild ruminant populations in Spain, and (ii) the molecular epidemiological relationships between S. scabiei and its hosts. Ten Sarcoptes microsatellite markers were used to characterize the genetic structure of 266 mites obtained from skin scrapings of 121 mangy wild ruminants between 2011 and 2019 from 11 areas in Spain. Seventy-three different alleles and 37 private alleles were detected. The results of this study show the existence of three genetic strains of S. scabiei in the wild ruminant populations investigated. While two genetic clusters of S. scabiei were host- and geography-related, one cluster included multi-host mites deriving from geographically distant populations. The molecular epidemiological study of S. scabiei in wild ruminants in Spain indicates that the spreading and persistence of the parasite may be conditioned by host species community composition and the permissiveness of each host population/community to the circulation of individual "strains," among other factors. Wildlife-livestock interactions and the role of human-driven introduction or trade of wild and domestic animals should be better investigated to prevent further spread of sarcoptic mange in as yet unaffected natural areas of the Iberian Peninsula. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04673-x

Genomic and immune landscape Of metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma

The mechanisms triggering metastasis in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma are unknown, hindering therapeutic options for patients with metastatic tumors (mPPGL). Herein we show by genomic profiling of a large cohort of mPPGLs that high mutational load, microsatellite instability and somatic copy-number alteration burden are associated with ATRX/TERT alterations and are suitable prognostic markers. Transcriptomic analysis defines the signaling networks involved in the acquisition of metastatic competence and establishes a gene signature related to mPPGLs, highlighting CDK1 as an additional mPPGL marker. Immunogenomics accompanied by immunohistochemistry identifies a heterogeneous ecosystem at the tumor microenvironment level, linked to the genomic subtype and tumor behavior. Specifically, we define a general immunosuppressive microenvironment in mPPGLs, the exception being PD-L1 expressing MAML3-related tumors. Our study reveals canonical markers for risk of metastasis, and suggests the usefulness of including immune parameters in clinical management for PPGL prognostication and identification of patients who might benefit from immunotherapy

Serovigilancia de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación: una mirada desde la experiencia con la tosferina

Introduction: Serological surveillance (serosurveillance) provides the most direct measure of herd immunity of vaccine-preventable diseases. Little is known about the opportunities and challenges of serosurveillance experiences, particularly pertussis.Objective: To describe the process of serosurveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases with an emphasis on the experience of pertussis in the metropolitan area of Antioquia (Valle de Aburrá) in 2015 and 2016 and analyze the contributions and challenges for its sustainability.Materials and methods: We described the planning and conduction of serosurveillance of pertussis antibodies of mothers and in the umbilical cord at the time of delivery in eight hospitals based on random sampling and their capacity to advance the serosurveillance periodically. We compared the contributions and the challenges of this experience with other probabilistic and non-probabilistic programs.Results: We achieved the participation of hospitals and mothers respecting the delivery care process. We established a serum bank following ethical and technical guidelines. This program based on the random selection of hospitals and mothers has enabled the estimation of antibodies prevalence in mothers and in the umbilical cord, which has been possible given the high coverage of hospital care during childbirth at a lower cost and fewer risks than a population-based survey in conflictive areas. The main challenges for the sustainability of this program are the creation of stable jobs and access to funding and legal and methodological long-term frameworks.Conclusions: Hospital serosurveillance as described is an option to monitor the impact of vaccination on the population. Our experience could be reproduced in other regions under similar conditions if the above-mentioned challenges are solved.Introducción. La vigilancia serológica es la forma más directa de medir la inmunidad de rebaño frente a las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación. Poco se sabe acerca de las oportunidades y los desafíos de las experiencias de serovigilancia, en general y, específicamente, la de la tosferina.Objetivo. Describir el proceso de serovigilancia de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación con énfasis en la experiencia en el caso de la tosferina en el área metropolitana de Antioquia (Valle de Aburrá) en el 2015 y el 2016 y analizar lo que dicha experiencia ha aportado y los desafíos que persisten para su sostenibilidad.Materiales y métodos. Se describió el proceso de planeación y el desarrollo de la serovigilancia de tosferina en el momento del parto en ocho hospitales seleccionados al azar, así como la capacidad para adelantar el programa de manera periódica. Se compararon los aportes y los desafíos en el curso de esta experiencia con los de otros programas poblacionales probabilistas e institucionales no probabilistas.Resultados. Se logró la participación de los hospitales y de las madres con pleno respeto del proceso de atención del parto, y se conformó un banco de sueros siguiendo lineamientos éticos y técnicos. El programa permitió estimar la prevalencia de anticuerpos en la madre y en el cordón umbilical, lo que se facilitó por la alta cobertura de atención hospitalaria del parto, a un menor costo y menos riesgos que los programas poblacionales en zonas conflictivas. Los principales desafíos para la sostenibilidad del programa son la estabilidad laboral del personal de salud, así como normas y una financiación de largo plazo.Conclusiones. La serovigilancia hospitalaria es una opción para monitorizar el impacto poblacional de la vacunación. Esta experiencia se podría extender a otras regiones en condiciones similares si se resuelven los retos mencionados

Formación de Investigadores en el Contexto Universitario

Esta obra procura crear un espacio de reflexión donde se exploren las bases mínimas de consenso para la formación de investigadores en el contexto universitario. Se inicia con los retos de las instituciones para ser centros de generación de conocimiento; luego nos lleva a internarnos en la teoría de la investigación y sus tecnologías de servicio, para posteriormente visualizar experiencias que permitan consolidar la visión global sobre este tema tan apasionante

Projeto BRA/13/008 Consolidação da Cooperação Técnica Sul- Sul Brasileira Resgate e Valorização do Patrimônio Cultural Fronteiriço Inventário do Patrimônio Cultural de Cerro Largo- Uruguai

O Projeto“Resgate e Valorização do Patrimônio Cultural Fronteiriço” foi elaborado em conjunto pela Intendência de Cerro Largo, Uruguai, e o Município de Bagé, RS, Brasil. O Município de Bagé, então, apresentou-se ao chamado realizado pelo Programa de Projetos de Cooperação Técnica Descentralizada Sul-Sul, da Subchefia de Assuntos Federativos da Presidência da República(SAF/PR) e a Agência Brasileira de Cooperação (ABC/MRE).                Em Abril de 2015, vencendo processo licitatório, a empresa Parnaso Arquitetura, inicia o trabalho, divido em cinco produtos:Levantamento do Patrimônio Cultural do Departamento de CerroLargo;Plano Departamental de preservação;Elaboração de Manual de Manutenção de Edifícios Patrimoniais;Normativa resultante do inventário;ElaboraçãodeAnteprojetoparaarestauraçãodeumaconstruçãodevalorpatrimonial.            A equipe de trabalho está composta por profissionais brasileiros e uruguaios.                O primeiro produto, que está concluído, é o tema de nossa apresentação.                Foram visitados todos os locais identificados pela Intendência de Cerro largo como de interesse a preservação e os bens declarados Monumentos Históricos Nacionais Uruguaios através da Lei 14.040 de 20/10/1971, Estes locais compreendem obras arquitetônicas, de engenharia, monumentos, lugares históricos e paisagens, tanto urbanos como rurais. Foram ainda acrescidos, pela equipe de consultoria, exemplares destas categorias, além da identificação de acervos documentais e museológicos, bibliotecas e locais com potencial arqueológico e paleontológico, além do patrimônio imaterial