Greenhouse gas emissions from intra-national freight transport: Measurement and scenarios for greater sustainability in Spain

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions is a topic of major concern worldwide. Following previous articles which provide a methodology for estimating GHG emissions associated with international trade by transport mode at the world level, in this paper, we estimate an equivalent database of GHG emissions for inter-regional trade flows within a country (Spain). To this end, we built a new database of GHG emissions for origin-destination flows between Spanish provinces during 1995-2015. For each year, we combine industry-specific flows by four transport modes (road, train, ship and aircraft) with the corresponding GHG emissions factor for each mode in tons*km, drawn from the specialized literature. With this dataset of GHG emissions, we generate and analyze the temporal, sectoral and spatial pattern of Spanish inter-regional GHG flows. We then forecast emissions for 2016-2030 and consider how transport mode shifts might produce a more sustainable freight system within the country through the substitution of environmentally friendly alternatives (railway) for specific origin-destination-product flows in high-polluting modes (road).This paper was developed in the context of two research projects: (i) the C-intereg Project (www.c-intereg.es); (ii) The ECO2016-79650-P project from the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Innovatio

Un análisis de la fiscalidad de los sistemas de previsión social

La entrada en vigor de la Ley 35/2006, del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas, ha introducido importantes modificaciones en la fiscalidad de los sistemas de previsión social. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los rasgos básicos de la tributación de éstos en las distintas modalidades que actualmente existen en nuestro país: planes de pensiones, mutualidades de previsión social, planes de pensiones asegurados y otros sistemas alternativos.El estudio se realiza en función de los momentos de la inversión, distinguiendo entre los incentivos existentes para entrar en el sistema (incentivos a la contribución a mecanismos de previsión social) y el tratamiento fiscal de las prestaciones cobradas al salir de él.Por último, se presenta una visión panorámica de la evolución de los incentivos fiscales a la participación en mecanismos privados de previsión social como complemento a las pensiones públicas de la Seguridad Social desde la aprobación de la Ley 8/1987, de 8 de junio, sobre Planes y Fondos de Pensiones, hasta la actualidadThe new regulation of the Personal Income Tax done by the Law 35/2006 has introduced significant changes in the taxation of social protection systems. The aim of this paper is to analyze the basic features of the taxation of the different alternatives that currently exist in our country: pension plans, mutual welfare, pension insured plans and other alternatives.The study was done based on consideration of the different periods of life of the investment, distinguishing between the incentives to enter at the system (incentives for contributing to social welfare mechanisms), and the tax treatment of benefits charged to leave it.Finally, it presents an overview of the evolution of tax incentives for private participation in private protection mechanisms in addition to public pensions from Social Security since the adoption of Act 8/1987 June 8, on Plans and Pension Funds, to the present

Forest Structure of Pinus ayacahuite in Southern Mexico: A Non-Parametric Analysis

Spatial structure refers to the horizontal and vertical arrangement of individual trees, and the most accurate way to describe it within a community is to characterize tree strata in terms of their dimensions. The aim of this study was to determine the horizontal and vertical structure of pure stands of Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. ex Schltdl., in forests of southern Mexico. Forest measurement data from 24 sample plots were used. For analysis of the horizontal structure, diameters within a range of 0.20 cm to 77 cm were used, while for the vertical structure, heights were from 0.09 m to 40.9 m. Non-parametric histograms and Kernel density methods were used in the analysis, and Fisher and Marron multimodality tests were performed. The homogeneity of the forest stands was determined by the coefficient of homogeneity, and the vertical and horizontal structures were described using the stratification proposed by Pretzsch. The results indicate that the horizontal structure corresponds to a diameter distribution with a reversed "J" shape in 79.2% of the sample plots, while 91.8% of the sites were classified as irregular with coefficients of homogeneity of 1.0 to 3.0. In the vertical structure, it was observed that the lower stratum predominated in 75% of the plots, while 25% had a higher concentration of individuals in the middle stratum. The upper stratum had accumulation percentages ranging from 1.3% to 33.3% but did not predominate in any of the plots. According to the multimodality tests, 50% of the plots present multimodality in the horizontal structure, while in the vertical structure this condition is present in 38% of the plots. Knowledge of the spatial structure of Pinus ayacahuite forest stands is essential to define silvicultural strategies that ensure the sustainable functioning of the ecosystem in terms of yield continuity and conservation

A language exchange program: sustainability innovation in language and culture engagement

The Language Exchange Program between the UPM and UBCO acts as a model for sustainability innovation in language and culture engagement as the students can interact with native speakers in communication tasks. This interdisciplinary initiative supports the latest methodological principles observed in the Common European Framework for Languages [1], such as autonomous and lifelong learning, self-assessment and peer-assessment as well as the incorporation of new technologies to the learning proces

CYCLIC: A Locality-Preserving Load-Balancing Algorithm for PDES on Shared Memory Multiprocessors

This paper presents a new load-balancing algorithm for shared memory multiprocessors that is currently being applied to the parallel simulation of logic circuits, specifically VHDL simulations. The main idea of this load-balancing algorithm is based on the exploitation of the usual characteristics of these simulations, that is, cyclicity and predictability, to obtain a good load balance while preserving the locality of references. This algorithm is useful not only in the area of logic circuit simulation but also in systems presenting a cyclic execution pattern, that is, repetition over time, making the future behavior of the tasks predictable. An example of this is Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES), where several tasks are repeatedly executed in response to certain events. A comparison between the proposed algorithm and other load-balancing algorithms found in the literature reveals consistently better execution times with improvements in both load-balancing and locality of references that can be of help on current multicore desktop computers

Diagnósticos de enfermería NANDA y evolución de resultados NOC en personas colostomizadas e ileostomizadas en seguimiento en una unidad de ostomías

La persona portadora de una ostomía digestiva de eliminación ve alterada su forma de vida como consecuencia de una cirugía mutilante por una enfermedad generalmente grave. Ser portador de una de ellas desencadena una problemática tanto a nivel físico y manejo técnico del estoma, como a nivel emocional y en su vida de relación. No existen censos fidedignos del número de ostomizados existentes, aunque algunos autores calculan que en España existen unas 100.000 personas ostomizadas, con 15.000 casos nuevos cada año. El objetivo de la medicina tecno-científica es estudiar la causa de la enfermedad, formular un diagnóstico y proponer un tratamiento. Sin embargo, el cuidado enfermero está enfocado hacia los problemas, los déficits o las incapacidades que las personas tienen en sus experiencias de salud, desde la globalidad. La enfermera Experta en Estomaterapia, es el profesional que desarrolla un cuidado especializado para que la persona logre adaptarse a su nueva forma de vida. Esta Enfermera de Práctica Avanzada gestiona el cuidado de estos pacientes tanto durante su hospitalización como en el seguimiento tras el alta. Hace más de una década que se plantea la necesidad de que estas enfermeras se adapten a los nuevos modelos de gestión y definan su actividad en términos de resultados. Para ello debe controlar su propia información, así como la medición de sus actuaciones y resultados..

Análisis de impacto en un marco de ingeniería de requisitos basada en pruebas de aceptación

[ES] El presente trabajo aborda el desafío que supone realizar análisis de impacto en un producto software. Se centra en el análisis en el nivel de especificación de requisitos, expresados en forma de pruebas de aceptación. Estas pruebas están formuladas en lenguaje natural y un sistema puede tener miles de ellas. Se proponen e implementan diversos mecanismos para la realización del análisis de impacto: mediante búsqueda de términos y búsqueda a partir de términos de un artefacto. Para ello se usa la tecnología Full-Text Search, que permite realizar búsquedas lingüísticas en textos y documentos.[EN] This paper addresses the challenge of performing change impact analysis on a software product. It focuses at specification of requirements level, which are expressed using acceptance tests. These tests are draw up in natural language and a system can contain thousands of them. Some mechanisms are proposed and developed to carry out change impact analysis: by searching for terms and searching from terms of an artifact. To do this we use FullText Search, a technology that allows us to perform linguistic searches against text and documents.Pérez García, S. (2016). Análisis de impacto en un marco de ingeniería de requisitos basada en pruebas de aceptación. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/76393

Instabilities in two-liquid layers subject to a horizontal temperature gradient

We study theoretically the stability of two superposed fluid layers heated laterally. The fluids are supposed to be immiscible, the interface undeformable and of infinite horizontal extension. Combined thermocapillary and buoyancy forces give rise to a basic flow when a temperature difference is applied. The calculations are performed for a melt of GaAs under a layer of molten B2 O3 , a configuration of considerable technological importance. Four dif- ferent flow patterns and five temperature configurations are found for the basic state in this system. A linear stability analysis shows that the basic state may be destabilized by oscilla- tory motions leading to the so-called hydrothermal waves. Depending on the relative height of the two layers these hydrothermal waves propagate parallel or perpendicular to the temperature gradient. This analysis reveals that these perturbations can alter significantly the liquid flow in the liquid-encapsulated crystal growth techniques