Aplicación de la lengua electrónica en la evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer un modelo matemático de predicción, mediante la aplicación de la lengua electrónica (voltametría de pulsos), para la evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante de alimentos. Para ello, en primer lugar se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante de disoluciones de trolox (patrón de referencia) y de muestras de té verde y de uva, mediante el método ABTS. En segundo lugar se realizaron ensayos de voltametría cíclica para caracterizar la lengua electrónica en presencia de antioxidantes como el trolox, con la finalidad de conocer cuáles son los fenómenos electroquímicos que se producen entre los electrodos de trabajo y estos. Mediante esta caracterización se estableció el patrón de pulsos que se aplicó posteriormente en los ensayos de voltametría de pulsos sobre las disoluciones de trolox, de té y de uva. Para evaluar la capacidad de la lengua electrónica como método para generar modelos predictivos que cuantifiquen la capacidad antioxidante, se llevaron a cabo análisis estadísticos multivariantes de componentes principales (PCA) y de análisis por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS). Los resultados obtenidos permitieron la creación de un modelo matemático válido para la evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante en base a equivalentes trolox. De entre los electrodos utilizados, los metales nobles fueron los que generaron el modelo con un mejor ajuste (superior al 94%). Los metales no nobles, si bien mostraron un comportamiento directamente proporcional entre la respuesta electrónica generada y la concentración de zumo de uva testada, esta no fue relacionada con la capacidad antioxidante, por lo que futuros estudios irán encaminados a evaluar que compuestos son los que puedan generar esta correlación, así como a la cuantificación de la capacidad antioxidante en base a equivalentes ácido ascórbico, compuestos fenológicos, etc.[EN] The aim of this work was establishing a mathematical prediction model through the application of electronic tongue (pulse voltammetry) in order to assess the antioxidant capacity of food. For that purpose, firstly, the antioxidant capacity of trolox solutions (reference standard), as well as samples of tea and grape, were evaluated using the method ABTS. Secondly, cyclic voltammetry tests were conducted to characterize the electronic tongue in the presence of antioxidants as trolox, with the purpose of knowing the electrochemical phenomena generated between the work electrodes and these. Through this characterization, a pulse standard was established and subsequently applied to the pulse voltammetry tests on the trolox, tea and grape solutions. In order to assess the capacity of electronic tongue as a method to generate predictive models that can quantify the antioxidant capacity, statistical multivariate analysis of the main components (PCA) and partial least squares analysis (PLS) were carried out. The obtained results made the creation of a valid mathematic model for the assessment of the antioxidant capacity possible on the basis of trolox equivalents. From all the electrodes used, noble metals generated the model with the best adjustment (94%). Although non-noble metals showed a directly proportional behaviour between the generated electronic response and the grape juice concentration subjected to test, such a response was not related to their antioxidant capacity. Therefore, future studies will be aimed at evaluating which compounds can generate this correlation, as well as the quantification of the antioxidant capacity based on equivalents of ascorbic acid, phenological compounds, etc.[CA] L'objectiu d'aquest treball va ser establir un model matemàtic de predicció, mitjançant l'aplicació de la llengua electrònica (voltametria de polsos), per a l'avaluació de la capacitat antioxidant d'aliments. Per açò, en primer lloc, es va avaluar la capacitat antioxidant de dissolucions de trolox (patró de referència), de mostres de té i de raïm, mitjançant el mètode ABTS. En segon lloc, es realitzaren assajos de voltametria cíclica per a caracteritzar la llengua electrònica en presència d'antioxidants com el trolox, amb la finalitat de conèixer quins són els fenòmens electroquímics que es produeixen entre els elèctrodes de treball i estos. Mitjançant esta caracterització es va establir el patró de polsos que es va aplicar posteriorment als assajos de voltametria de polsos sobre les dissolucions de trolox, té i raïm. Per avaluar la capacitat de la llengua electrònica com mètode per a generar models predictius que quantifiquen la capacitat antioxidant es varen fer anàlisi estadístics multivariants de components principals (PCA) i d'anàlisi per mínims quadrats parcials (PLS). Els resultats obtinguts varen permetre la creació d'un model matemàtic vàlid per a l`avaluació de la capacitat antioxidant en base a equivalents trolox. Entre els elèctrodes utilitzats, els metalls nobles varen ser els que generaren el model amb un millor ajust (superior al 94%). Els metalls no nobles, si bé mostraren un comportament directament proporcional entre la resposta electrònica generada i la concentració de suc de raïm testada, esta no fou relacionada amb la capacitat antioxidant, pel que els futurs estudis aniran encaminats a avaluar què compostos són els que poden generar esta correlació, així com a la quantificació de la capacitat antioxidant en base a equivalents àcid ascòrbic, compostos fenològics, etc.Pérez Salinas, E. (2012). Aplicación de la lengua electrónica en la evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/28118.Archivo delegad

Study of student satisfaction with the Educational Services to Universities of the Toluca Valley

Uno de los aspectos de mayor importancia al evaluar la calidad organizacional es evaluar la satisfacción de los usuarios. Los estudiantes al ser los principales usuarios de las Universidades, serán quienes mejor puedan evaluar la calidad de los servicios educativos. Se diseñó y aplicó un instrumento a estudiantes del Valle de Toluca, de Universidades públicas y privadas. En base a escala Likert los estudiantes calificaron aspectos como Plan de estudios, Habilidad para enseñanza docente, Métodos de enseñanza-evaluación, Nivel de autorrealización del estudiante, Servicios de apoyo, Servicios administrativos, Ambiente propicio e Infraestructura. Como resultado se concluye que las variables donde se encuentran mayormente satisfechos son: Habilidad para la enseñanza de los Docentes y nivel de Autorrealización de Estudiantes. En cambio, las variables Infraestructura y Servicios Administrativos obtuvieron niveles de satisfacción inferior. La prueba Chi-cuadrado confirma diferencias significativas entre Universidades públicas y privadas las cuales serán presentadas en este reporte de investigaciónOne of the most important aspects for qualify the quality of the organizations is evaluate the users satisfaction. Students are the main users of the Universities, for this reason they will be able to better assess the quality of educational services. It was designed and tested an instrument measuring student satisfaction was applied to various university institutions of higher Toluca Valley both public and private sources Education. Based on a Likert scale students rated aspects concerning curriculum, teaching skills of teachers, teaching methods and evaluation, student self level, Support Services, Administrative Services, Enabling Environment and Infrastructure. As a result we conclude that the variables, which are the most satisfied by the students, are: Skill Teaching and Teachers' level of self-realization of Students. Instead variables, and Administrative Services Infrastructure were the most inferior satisfaction. The chi-square test confirms significant differences between public and private universities, all of the differences will present in this research repor

Mammographic density and breast cancer in women from high risk families

Introduction: Mammographic density (MD) is one of the strongest determinants of sporadic breast cancer (BC). In this study, we compared MD in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers from BRCA1/2 mutation-positive families and investigated the association between MD and BC among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers per type of mutation and tumor subtype. Methods: The study was carried out in 1039 female members of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation-positive families followed at 16 Spanish Genetic Counseling Units. Participants' density was scored retrospectively from available mammograms by a single blinded radiologist using a 5-category scale (75 %). In BC cases, we selected mammograms taken prior to diagnosis or from the contralateral breast, whereas, in non-cases, the last screening mammogram was evaluated. MD distribution in carriers and non-carriers was compared using ordinal logistic models, and the association between MD and BC in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers was studied using logistic regression. Huber-White robust estimators of variance were used to take into account correlations between family members. A similar multinomial model was used to explore this association by BC subtype. Results: We identified and scored mammograms from 341 BRCA1, 350 BRCA2 mutation carriers and 229 non-carriers. Compared to non-carriers, MD was significantly lower among BRCA2 mutation carriers (odds ratio (OR) =0.71; P-value=0.04), but not among BRCA1 carriers (OR=0.84; P-value=0.33). MD was associated with subsequent development BC (OR per category of MD=1.45; 95 % confidence interval=1.18-1.78, P-value<0.001), with no significant differences between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (P-value=0.48). Finally, no statistically significant differences were observed in the association of MD with specific BC subtypes. Conclusions: Our study, the largest to date on this issue, confirms that MD is an independent risk factor for all BC subtypes in either BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, and should be considered a phenotype risk marker in this context

One-year breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlates of protection in fully vaccinated hematological patients

The long-term clinical efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines according to antibody response in immunosuppressed patients such as hematological patients has been little explored. A prospective multicenter registry-based cohort study conducted from December 2020 to July 2022 by the Spanish Transplant and Cell Therapy group, was used to analyze the relationship of antibody response over time after full vaccination (at 3-6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months) (2 doses) and of booster doses with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in 1551 patients with hematological disorders. At a median follow-up of 388 days after complete immunization, 266 out of 1551 (17%) developed breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection at median of 86 days (range 7-391) after full vaccination. The cumulative incidence was 18% [95% confidence interval (C.I.), 16-20%]. Multivariate analysis identified higher incidence in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (29%) and with the use of corticosteroids (24.5%), whereas female sex (15.5%) and more than 1 year after last therapy (14%) were associated with a lower incidence (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Median antibody titers at different time points were significantly lower in breakthrough cases than in non-cases. A serological titer cut-off of 250 BAU/mL was predictive of breakthrough infection and its severity. SARS-CoV-2 infection-related mortality was encouragingly low (1.9%) in our series. Our study describes the incidence of and risk factors for COVID-19 breakthrough infections during the initial vaccination and booster doses in the 2021 to mid-2022 period. The level of antibody titers at any time after 2-dose vaccination is strongly linked with protection against both breakthrough infection and severe disease, even with the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant

Exercise Increases Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Levels

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) increases glucose uptake. It is unknown if FGF21 serum levels are affected by exercise.This was a comparative longitudinal study. Anthropometric and biochemical evaluation were carried out before and after a bout of exercise and repeated after two weeks of daily supervised exercise. The study sample was composed of 60 sedentary young healthy women. The mean age was 24±3.7 years old, and the mean BMI was 21.4±7.0 kg/m². The anthropometric characteristics did not change after two weeks of exercise. FGF21 levels significantly increased after two weeks of exercise (276.8 ng/l (142.8-568.6) vs. (460.8 (298.2-742.1), p<0.0001)). The delta (final-basal) log of serum FGF21, adjusted for BMI, showed a significant positive correlation with basal glucose (r = 0.23, p = 0.04), mean maximal heart rate (MHR) (r = 0.54, p<0.0001), mean METs (r = 0.40, p = 0.002), delta plasma epinephrine (r = 0.53, p<0.0001) and delta plasma FFAs (r = 0.35, p = 0.006). A stepwise linear regression model showed that glucose, MHR, METs, FFAs, and epinephrine, were factors independently associated with the increment in FGF21 after the exercise program (F = 4.32; r² = 0.64, p<0.0001).Serum FGF21 levels significantly increased after two weeks of physical activity. This increment correlated positively with clinical parameters related to the adrenergic and lipolytic response to exercise.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01512368

Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Postoperative outcome after surgical treatment in a Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) occasionally spreads to the pancreas. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the short and long-term results of a multicenter series in order to determine the effect of surgical treatment on the prognosis of these patients. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Variables related to the primary tumor, demographics, clinical characteristics of metastasis, location in the pancreas, type of pancreatic resection performed and data on short and long-term evolution after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 116 patients. The mean time between nephrectomy and pancreatic metastases' resection was 87.35 months (ICR: 1.51-332.55). Distal pancreatectomy was the most performed technique employed (50 %). Postoperative morbidity was observed in 60.9 % of cases (Clavien-Dindo greater than IIIa in 14 %). The median follow-up time was 43 months (13-78). Overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 96 %, 88 %, and 83 %, respectively. The disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 73 %, 49 %, and 35 %, respectively. Significant prognostic factors of relapse were a disease free interval of less than 10 years (2.05 [1.13-3.72], p 0.02) and a history of previous extrapancreatic metastasis (2.44 [1.22-4.86], p 0.01). Conclusions: Pancreatic resection if metastatic RCC is found in the pancreas is warranted to achieve higher overall survival and disease-free survival, even if extrapancreatic metastases were previously removed. The existence of intrapancreatic multifocal compromise does not always warrant the performance of a total pancreatectomy in order to improve survival. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Repeated pancreatic resection for pancreatic metastases from renal cell Carcinoma: A Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background and objectives: Recurrent isolated pancreatic metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) after pancreatic resection is rare. The purpose of our study is to describe a series of cases of relapse of pancreatic metastasis from renal cancer in the pancreatic remnant and its surgical treatment with a repeated pancreatic resection, and to analyse the results of both overall and disease -free survival. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing pancreatic resection for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Patients were grouped into two groups depending on whether they received a single pancreatic resection (SPS) or iterative pancreatic resection. Data on short and long-term outcome after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 131 pancreatic resections performed in 116 patients. Thus, iterative pancreatic surgery (IPS) was performed in 15 patients. The mean length of time between the first pancreatic surgery and the second was 48.9 months (95 % CI: 22.2-56.9). There were no differences in the rate of postoperative complications. The DFS rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 86 %, 78 % and 78 % vs 75 %, 50 % and 37 % in the IPS and SPS group respectively (p = 0.179). OS rates at 1, 3, 5 and 7 years were 100 %, 100 %, 100 % and 75 % in the IPS group vs 95 %, 85 %, 80 % and 68 % in the SPS group (p = 0.895). Conclusion: Repeated pancreatic resection in case of relapse of pancreatic metastasis of RCC in the pancreatic remnant is justified, since it achieves OS results similar to those obtained after the first resection

Real-world effectiveness of caplacizumab vs the standard of care in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy caused by anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies. Caplacizumab is approved for adults with an acute episode of iTTP in conjunction with plasma exchange (PEX) and immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the safety and efficacy of caplacizumab vs the standard of care and assess the effect of the concomitant use of rituximab. A retrospective study from the Spanish TTP Registry of patients treated with caplacizumab vs those who did not receive it was conducted. A total of 155 patients with iTTP (77 caplacizumab, 78 no caplacizumab) were included. Patients initially treated with caplacizumab had fewer exacerbations (4.5% vs 20.5%; P <.05) and less refractoriness (4.5% vs 14.1%; P <.05) than those who were not treated. Time to clinical response was shorter when caplacizumab was used as initial treatment vs caplacizumab used after refractoriness or exacerbation. The multivariate analysis showed that its use in the first 3 days after PEX was associated with a lower number of PEX (odds ratio, 7.5; CI, 2.3-12.7; P <.05) and days of hospitalization (odds ratio, 11.2; CI, 5.6-16.9; P <.001) compared with standard therapy. There was no difference in time to clinical remission in patients treated with caplacizumab compared with the use of rituximab. No severe adverse event was described in the caplacizumab group. In summary, caplacizumab reduced exacerbations and refractoriness compared with standard of care regimens. When administered within the first 3 days after PEX, it also provided a faster clinical response, reducing hospitalization time and the need for PEX

Real-world effectiveness of caplacizumab vs the standard of care in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy caused by anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies. Caplacizumab is approved for adults with an acute episode of iTTP in conjunction with plasma exchange (PEX) and immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the safety and efficacy of caplacizumab vs the standard of care and assess the effect of the concomitant use of rituximab. A retrospective study from the Spanish TTP Registry of patients treated with caplacizumab vs those who did not receive it was conducted. A total of 155 patients with iTTP (77 caplacizumab, 78 no caplacizumab) were included. Patients initially treated with caplacizumab had fewer exacerbations (4.5% vs 20.5%; P < .05) and less refractoriness (4.5% vs 14.1%; P < .05) than those who were not treated. Time to clinical response was shorter when caplacizumab was used as initial treatment vs caplacizumab used after refractoriness or exacerbation. The multivariate analysis showed that its use in the first 3 days after PEX was associated with a lower number of PEX (odds ratio, 7.5; CI, 2.3-12.7; P < .05) and days of hospitalization (odds ratio, 11.2; CI, 5.6-16.9; P < .001) compared with standard therapy. There was no difference in time to clinical remission in patients treated with caplacizumab compared with the use of rituximab. No severe adverse event was described in the caplacizumab group. In summary, caplacizumab reduced exacerbations and refractoriness compared with standard of care regimens. When administered within the first 3 days after PEX, it also provided a faster clinical response, reducing hospitalization time and the need for PEX