Variability of the transport of anthropogenic CO2 at the Greenland-Portugal OVIDE section:Controlling mechanisms

The interannual to decadal variability in the transport of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) across the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) is investigated, using summer data of the FOUREX and OVIDE high-resolution transoceanic sections, from Greenland to Portugal, occupied six times from 1997 to 2010. The transport of Cant across this section, Tcant hereafter, is northward, with a mean value of 254 ± 29 kmol s-1 over the 1997-2010 period. We find that Tcant undergoes interannual variability, masking any trend different from 0 for this period. In order to understand the mechanisms controlling the variability of Tcant across the SPNA, we propose a new method that quantifies the transport of Cant caused by the diapycnal and isopycnal circulation. The diapycnal component yields a large northward transport of Cant (400 ± 29 kmol s-1) that is partially compensated by a southward transport of Cant caused by the isopycnal component (-171 ± 11 kmol s-1), mainly localized in the Irminger Sea. Most importantly, the diapycnal component is found to be the main driver of the variability of Tcant across the SPNA. Both the Meridional Overturning Circulation (computed in density coordinates, MOCσ) and the Cant increase in the water column have an important effect on the variability of the diapycnal component and of Tcant itself. Based on this analysis, we propose a simplified estimator for the variability of T cant based on the intensity of the MOCσ and on the difference of Cant between the upper and lower limb of the MOCσ (ΔCant). This estimator shows a good consistency with the diapycnal component of T cant, and help to disentangle the effect of the variability of both the circulation and the Cant increase on the Tcant variability. We find that ΔCant keeps increasing over the past decade, and it is very likely that the continuous Cant increase in the water masses will cause an increase in Tcant across the SPNA at long timescale. Nevertheless, at the timescale analyzed here (1997-2010), the MOCσ controls the T cant variability, blurring any Tcant trend. Extrapolating the observed ΔCant increase rate and considering the predicted slow-down of 25% of the MOCσ, Tcant across the SPNA is expected to increase by 430 kmol s-1 during the 21st century. Consequently, an increase in the storage rate of Cant in the SPNA could be envisaged

Age norms for grating acuity and contrast sensitivity in children using eye tracking technology

Key messages: Visual acuity is the most used method to assess visual function in children. Contrast sensitivity complements the information provided for visual acuity, but it is not commonly used in clinical practice. Digital devices are increasingly used as a method to evaluate visual function, due to multiple advantages. Testing with these devices can improve the evaluation of visual development in children from a few months of age. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity tests, using eye tracking technology, are able to measure visual function in children across a wide range of ages, objectively, quickly and without need of an experienced examiner. Purpose: To report age-normative values for grating visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in healthy children using a digital device with eye tracking technology and to validate the grating acuity test. Methods: In the first project of the study, we examined healthy children aged between 6 months and 7 years with normal ophthalmological assessment. Grating visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) were assessed using a preferential gaze paradigm with a DIVE (Device for an Integral Visual Examination) assisted with eye tracking technology to provide age norms. For the validation project, we compared LEA grating test (LGT) with DIVE VA in a group of children aged between 6 months and 4 years with normal and abnormal visual development. Results: Fifty-seven children (2.86 ± 1.55 years) were examined with DIVE VA test and 44 successfully completed DIVE CS test (3.06 ± 1.41 years). Both, VA and CS values increased with age, mainly along the first two years of life. Sixty-nine patients (1.34 ± 0.61 years) were included in the DIVE VA test validation. The mean difference between LGT and DIVE VA was − 1.05 ± 4.54 cpd with 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of − 9.95–7.84 cpd. Agreement between the two tests was higher in children younger than 1 year with a mean difference of − 0.19 ± 4.02 cpd. Conclusions: DIVE is an automatic, objective and reliable tool to assess several visual function parameters in children, and it has good agreement with classical VA tests, especially for the first stage of life

The Northeast Atlantic is running out of excess carbonate in the horizon of cold-water corals communities

The oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by human activities alters the seawater carbonate system. Here, the chemical status of the Northeast Atlantic is examined by means of a high-quality database of carbon variables based on the GO-SHIP A25 section (1997–2018). The increase of atmospheric CO2 leads to an increase in ocean anthropogenic carbon (Cant) and a decrease in carbonate that is unequivocal in the upper and mid-layers (0–2,500 m depth). In the mid-layer, the carbonate content in the Northeast Atlantic is maintained by the interplay between the northward spreading of recently conveyed Mediterranean Water with excess of carbonate and the arrival of subpolar-origin waters close to carbonate undersaturation. In this study we show a progression to undersaturation with respect to aragonite that could compromise the conservation of the habitats and ecosystem services developed by benthic marine calcifiers inhabiting that depth-range, such as the cold-water corals (CWC) communities. For each additional ppm in atmospheric pCO2 the waters surrounding CWC communities lose carbonate at a rate of − 0.17 ± 0.02 μmol kg−1 ppm−1. The accomplishment of global climate policies to limit global warming below 1.5–2 ℃ will avoid the exhaustion of excess carbonate in the Northeast Atlantic

ESTADOS FEDERADOS DE MICRONESIA. Cartas náuticas (1886)

Título redactado a partir del contenido del documentoConsta de: "Isla Olimarao". Escala [ca. 1:54000], 1 milla [= 3,4 cm]. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de San Fernando (E 152°08'09"/N 7°43'30"). Orientado con estrella ; "Isla Faiu del Oeste". Escala [ca. 1:55000], 2 millas [= 6,7 cm]. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de San Fernando (E 153°02'24"/N 8°03'00"). Orientado con estrella. "Isla Pikelot o Coquille". Escala [ca. 1:29000], 1 milla [= 6,3 cm]. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de San Fernando (E 153°54'24"/N 8°09'00"). "Islas Elato y Lamotrek". Escala [ca. 1:77000], 5 millas [= 12,1 cm]. Coordenadas de la isla Toass referidas al meridiano de San Fernando (E 152°36'54"/N 7°29'30"). Orientado con estrella en gráfico de declinación magnética. "Islas Uli o Ulea". Escala 1:25000. Coordenadas de la isla de Rave referidas al meridiano de San Fernando (E 150°09'54"/N 7°21'39"). Orientado con estrella en gráfico de declinación magnética. Indica derrotas. Nota con breve descripción de la islaIndica sondas batimétricas expresadas en metros, veriles, bajos, fondeaderos y arrecifesClave hidrográfica para determinar la calidad del fondoConsta el sello en seco de la Dirección de Hidrografí

ASEB (Etiopía) (Bahía). Cartas náuticas (1887). 1:71200

Escala también dada en forma gráfica en 5 millas. Coordenadas del asta de bandera de Assab referidas al meridiano de San Fernando (E 50°56'51'/N 12°59'00').Orientado con estrella en gráfico de declinación magnéticaRelieve representado por normales y puntos acotadosIndica sondas batimétricas, veriles y bajos. Clave hidrográfica para determinar la calidad del fondoNota referente a la amplitud de las mareasSello en seco de la Dirección de Hidrografí

TADJOURA (Djibouti). Golfo de. Cartas náuticas. 1887. 1:300000

Escala hallada a partir de 20 minutos de latitud [= 12,3 cm]. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de San Fernando (E 50°14'/N 12°04'--N 10°57'). Red geográfica de 20' en 20' . Orientado con estrella en gráfico de declinación magnéticaOrografía por normales y puntos acotados expresados en metrosIndica sondas batimétricas, en metros, veriles, bajos y faros, destacados en rojo y amarilloClave hidrografica para determinar la calidad del fondoNota referente a la amplitud de las mareasConsta el sello en seco de la Dirección de Hidrografí

LA PALOMA (Uruguay) (Rocha) (Puerto). Cartas náuticas. 1886 (1804). 1:20000

Escala gráfica de 1 milla [= 9,4 cm]. Coordenadas del cabo de Sta. María referidas al meridiano de San Fernando (O 47°56'00''/S 34°40'50''). Orientado con estrellaOrografía por normalesIndica sondas batimétricas expresadas en metros, bajos, veriles, enfilaciones y faros, destacados en rojo y amarilloClave hidrográfica para determinar la calidad del fondoConsta el sello en seco de la Dirección de HidrografíaIncluye : "Vista de la costa SO. del Cabo de Sta. María y tierras comprendidas entre las asperezas de Maldonado y el cero de Chafalote" ; "Vista de la costa NE. del Cabo de Sta. María

Ultra low background Micromegas detectors for BabyIAXO solar axion search

The International AXion Observatory (IAXO) is a large scale axion helioscope that will look for axions and axion-like particles produced in the Sun with unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is an intermediate experimental stage that will be hosted at DESY (Germany) and that will test all IAXO subsystems serving as a prototype for IAXO but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with potential for discovery. One of the crucial components of the project is the ultra-low background X-ray detectors that will image the X-ray photons produced by axion conversion in the experiment. The baseline detection technology for this purpose are Micromegas (Microbulk) detectors. We will show the quest and the strategy to attain the very challenging levels of background targeted for BabyIAXO that need a multi-approach strategy coming from ground measurements, screening campaigns of components of the detector, underground measurements, background models, in-situ background measurements as well as powerful rejection algorithms. First results from the commissioning of the BabyIAXO prototype will be shown.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted for the proceedings of the International Conference on Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors, December 2022, Israe

Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The jet energy scale (JES) and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 inverse pb. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0.4 or R=0.6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pt > 20 GeV and pseudorapidities eta 50 GeV after a dedicated correction for this effect. The JES is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pt, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pt jets recoiling against a high-pt jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, providing an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The JES systematic uncertainty determined from a combination of in situ techniques are consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pt jets