Approximation to the participation of grandfathers and grandmothers in the education of their grandsons and granddaughters

Los cambios sociales y económicos acontecidos en las últimas décadas en nuestro país, el envejecimiento de la población y el aumento de la esperanza de vida, han llevado a redefinir los roles que desempeñan los abuelos y abuelas en la familia, asumiendo, en algunos casos, las funciones de educación y cuidado de los nietos y nietas, cuando los padres y madres no pueden hacerlo. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la implicación de los abuelos y abuelas en el cuidado y educación de sus nietos y nietas y los efectos tanto en sí mismos como en sus hijos e hijas. Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo exploratorio aplicando a una muestra de 30 abuelos y abuelas del Principado de Asturias, una adaptación del Cuestionario sobre Competencias Parentales (Martínez González, 2009). Los resultados muestran la importancia de profundizar en las necesidades de apoyo y formación de los abuelos y abuelas para desempeñar el nuevo rol.The social and economic changes which happened in the last decades in our country, the ageing of the population and the increase of the life expectancy, have led to redefine the roles that grandfathers and grandmothers play in the family, assuming, in some cases, the functions of education and care of grandsons and granddaughters, when fathers and mothers can´t. The objective of this work is to know the implication of grandfathers and grandmothers in the care and education of their grandsons and granddaughters and the effects in themselves as well as in their sons and daughters. A descriptive exploratory study applied to a sample of 30 grandfathers and grandmothers of the Principality of Asturias has been carried out, an adaptation of the Questionnaire on Parental Competences (Martínez González, 2009). The results show the importance of deepening in the needs of support and training of grandfathers and grandmothers to play the new role.peerReviewe

How prenatal cortisol levels may differentially affect the neurodevelopment of boys and girls

Producción CientíficaBackground: Prenatal stress could have serious consequences on maternal and fetal health. In this sense, some studies have stated that maternal HCC during pregnancy could contribute to sex-specific effects on infant neurodevelopment, following the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis. Aim: This study aimed to determine whether maternal hair cortisol concentration (HCC) during each trimester of pregnancy and postpartum could predict the neurodevelopmental outcomes of their 12-month-old offspring, with sex-specific differences considered. Study design: longitudinal. Subjects: The study involved 93 pregnant women and their babies. Outcome measure: Hair samples collected during each trimester and postpartum and The Bayley Scales for Infant Development III was used to assess the infants' abilities. Results: The results showed that maternal HCC during the first and second trimesters could predict language and motor abilities. However, when discriminated by sex, only females' cognitive, expressive language, and fine and gross motor skills were predicted by cortisol, not males. Conclusions: These findings support the idea that non-toxic levels of cortisol can positively influence infants' neurodevelopment

Newborn infants' hair cortisol levels reflect chronic maternal stress during pregnancy

Cortisol obtained from hair samples represents a retrospective biomarker of chronic stress experienced by the subject in previous months. Although hair cortisol levels have been used to study the relationship between maternal and neonatal stress levels in primates, this has not yet been performed in humans using a longitudinal design and focusing specifically on this association. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether a relationship existed between maternal psychological stress and hair cortisol levels during pregnancy and postpartum, and neonatal hair cortisol levels. The sample consisted of 80 pregnant women and their 80 newborn infants. We conducted a longitudinal assessment of hair cortisol levels, psychological stress, anxiety, and depression in the three trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum. After childbirth, neonatal hair cortisol levels were also measured. We found that maternal hair cortisol levels in the first trimester negatively predicted neonatal hair cortisol levels. Perceived stress in the third trimester of pregnancy also predicted lower neonatal cortisol, whereas pregnancyspecific stress in the same trimester had a positive relation with neonatal cortisol. Cortisol is essential for embryonic and fetal development; consequently, if fetal synthesis of cortisol is affected by high maternal cortisol levels, such development could be impaired.This work was supported by the I+D Project "PSI2015-63494-P" of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation co-supported by funds/ European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) - a way to build Europe (MIPR). Besides, Mr. Borja Romero-Gonzalez has been awarded with an individual research grant (Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, FPI Program, reference number BES-2016-077619

Effectiveness of an Eye-Cervical Re-Education Program in Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objectives. Proprioceptive training is popularly applied as a therapeutic exercise method in physiotherapy. Its effects on pain and range of motion are only poorly evaluated. Therefore, this study assesses the effectiveness of proprioceptive training with an Eye-Cervical Re-education Program to decrease pain and increase the joint range in chronic neck pain patients. Material and Methods. Design. A randomized, no-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Setting. Physiotherapy consultation. Participants. 44 people were divided into two groups. Interventions. All patients were treated with a multimodal physiotherapy intervention. The experimental group was supplemented with an exercise program that included eye-cervical proprioception. Outcomes. The primary outcomes included pain pressure thresholds (upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and splenius capitis) and cervical range of motion. The secondary outcomes included pain measured by the Visual Analogical Scale and the McGillSpv Questionnaire. Results. The proprioception treatment was effective in reducing the pain pressure threshold in the right upper trapezius (p=0.001), left upper trapezius (p=0.014), right levator scapula (p=0.040), and left splenius capitis (p=0.021). The increase in the joint range was statistically significant (p<0.05) in favor of the Eye-Cervical Re-education Program for all movements assessed. Conclusions. The Eye-Cervical Re-education Program is effective at relieving pain pressure thresholds in the upper trapezius, right levator scapula, and left splenius capitis and especially effective for increasing the cervical range of motion. This trial is registered with (retrospective registration)

Concepciones alternativas de los alumnos de Educación Secundaria sobre el enlace químico

En el presente trabajo se analizan las concepciones alternativas de los alumnos de 4º curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y 1º de Bachillerato sobre el enlace químico. Para ello se procedió a la administración de un cuestionario a 101 alumnos de ambos cursos. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar de que hay matices diferenciales entre ambos cursos, en los dos casos, los alumnos presentan dificultades para relacionar los niveles macro y micro de la química, y por tanto, para llegar a comprender y relacionar las propiedades macroscópicas de las sustancias con el tipo de unión que presentan las partículas (átomos, iones y moléculas) a nivel microscópicoIn this paper, the alternative misconceptions about chemical bond of 4th Compulsory Secondary Education and 1st of Bachillerato students are analyzed. The experimental work involved the administration of 101 questionnaires to students of both courses. The results show that, although there are differential nuances between both courses, the most important conclusion is that students have in common the difficulty to relate macro and micro levels of chemistry and, therefore, to reach the comprehension to relate the macroscopic properties of substances with the type of bonding that these particles (atoms, ions and molecules) have at the microscopic leve

Brexit, common fisheries policy and discard ban: A financial analysis of the Spanish fleet in the Grand Sole

In the last decades, the Spanish Grand Sole fleet has shown a negative evolution both in the number of vessels and in the turnover of its activity. This trend is mainly due to the institutional framework that determines the governance of the Spanish fleet in Community waters. The distribution of quotas, determined by the Relative Stability System, combined with successive European fishing policies, have caused a reduction in the capacity of the fishing fleet. In addition, more recently, these factors have been compounded by the progressive implementation a of the discard ban, which has been extended to all European species and fishing areas since 2019, and Brexit, which has led to the transfer of 25% of the average value of shared stocks quotas to the United Kingdom from 2021 to 2026. The objective of this article is to analyze whether the Spanish shipowning companies whose vessels operate in Gran Sol, will continue to be profitable or will have to cease their activity. For this purpose, an analysis has been carried out using the Real Options Approach and incorporating an abandonment option. The results show that the value of the abandonment option (49.3%) is high.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RTI2018-099225-B-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C2018/48Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B2018/095Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481A-2018/341Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431E2018/0

La simulación como Estrategia didáctica para promover el aprendizaje participativo en la asignatura de Estudios Sociales, en el 5to grado A, del Centro Escolar Público Bertha Díaz, distrito VI del municipio de Managua, durante el curso escolar 2021

El presente informe es el resultado de la intervención educativa desarrollada como requisito en el marco de las prácticas de profesionalización, investigación aplicada y seminario de graduación de la carrera de pedagogia con mención en educación primaria. La investigación-acción estuvo enfocada en la simulación como Estrategia didáctica para promover el aprendizaje participativo en la asignatura de Estudios Sociales, en el 5to grado A, del Centro Escolar Público Bertha Díaz, distrito VI del municipio de Managua. Dentro de este proceso, desarrollamos una planificación de las acciones estratégicas para la ejecución de la investigación, la cual nos permitió desarrollar un proceso de intervención educativa mediante la ejecución de un taller a la docente, clases demostrativas, monitoreo y seguimiento al entorno educativo y una charla guiada con preguntas, con el propósito de fortalecer las competencias pedagógicas de la docente para la utilización de la simulación como estrategia didáctica haciendo uso de títeres. Esta investigación está enmarcada en un estudio de tipo descriptivo bajo el enfoque cualitativo; para la realización del mismo se utilizaron técnicas como la entrevista y la observación, aplicada en el escenario de investigación, la cual fue de corte transversal durante año escolar 2021. Los resultados obtenidos se generaron a partir de acciones realizadas a través del presente informe en el cual permitieron un análisis y brindar conclusiones que ayudo a la labor docente y se confirma que mediante esta estrategia se motiva a los estudiantes de manera activa y proactiva en su aprendizaje. Palabras clave: Estrategia didáctica, simulación, proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje participativo

Can we influence the neurological development and hair cortisol concentration of offspring by reducing the stress of the mother during pregnancy? A randomized controlled trial

Producción CientíficaThe objective was to evaluate the effects of a stress management cognitive behavioural therapy followed during pregnancy on subsequent childhood on hair cortisol at birth and on neurodevelopment and Hair Cortisol Concentrations (HCC) at 6 months of age. The study sample included 48 pregnant women, divided into two groups: 24 women in the Therapy Group (TG) and 24 women who received standard pregnancy care (control group (CG); CG). To test the therapy efficacy, an evaluation of the HCC and psychological stress, psychopathological symptomatology and resilience was conducted before and after the treatment. The level of cortisol in their hair was obtained during pregnancy and that of their babies at birth. Six months after birth, a cortisol sample was taken from the hair and the babies' neurodevelopment was evaluated based on a Bayley-III test. The TG presented reductions in psychological stress and psychopathological symptomatology after treatment. On the other hand, the CG increased their cortisol concentrations between the pre and post intervention, remaining stable in the TG. Moreover, results showed that TG babies had lower cortisol concentrations at birth and obtained significantly higher cognitive and motor development scores at 6 months. These findings support that providing psychological care to pregnant women may not only have a benefit on these women's mental state, but may also benefit the neurodevelopment of their offspring.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, (programa FPU, referencia 18/00617

Validation of the emotional and social parenting competencies scale for mothers

[ES] La Recomendación 2006/19 del Consejo de Europa sobre Políticas de Apoyo a la Parentalidad Positiva y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (World Health Organiza-tion, 2013), constatan dificultades de las familias para ejercer sus funciones parentales. Los instrumentos validados para evaluar competencias parentales en familias de la población general son aún escasos, lo que aconseja incrementarlos para identificar necesidades ac-tuales en las dinámicas de interacción y convivencia familiar. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido validar la Escala de Competencias Parentales Emocionales y Sociales para Madres (ECPES-M). Participaron 2437 madres representativas de una población de 145.902 familias del Principado de Asturias (España) con hijos e hijas entre 0 y 18 años. Para estudiar la es-tructura factorial o validez de constructo se efectuó análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC); se comprobó su invarianza considerando la etapa evolutiva o escolar de los hijos/as. La consistencia interna o fiabilidad se analizó mediante Alfa de Cronbach. Se analizó la validez concurrente mediante la correlación de Pearson entre los factores resultantes y variables externas seleccionadas como criterio. Se obtuvo una escala de 15 ítems distribuidos en cuatro factores que explican el 42,096 % de la varianza: Factor 1-Auto-estima; Factor 2-Autocontrol; Factor 3-Agresividad Verbal; y Factor 4-Imposición. Se ofrece un instrumento sencillo y útil en el ámbito de la evaluación e intervención familiar para identificar competencias parentales y su potenciación a través de programas de orienta-ción familiar basados en evidencias que fomenten la parentalidad positiva. La escala puede aplicarse con madres de la población general desde una perspectiva de promoción e inter-vención preventiva y anticipadora de dificultades. Puede aplicarse también en situaciones vulnerables. Es útil también para evaluar programas de orientación familiar e identificar evidencias de su eficacia. [EN] The Council of Europe Recommendation 2006/19 on Policies to Support Posi-tive Parenting and the World Health Organization (2013) state difficulties for families to cope with their parental role. Validated instruments to assess parental competencies in normalized families are still scarce, which makes it advisable to increase them to identify current needs in the dynamics of family interaction and coexistence. The objective of this study was to vali-date the Emotional and Social Parenting Competencies Scale for Mothers (ECPES-M). 2437 representative mothers of a population of 145,902 families from the Principality of Asturias (Spain) with children between 0 and 18 years old participated. To study the factorial structure or construct validity, exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out; invariance was verified considering the developmental or school stage of the children. Internal consistency or reliability was analyzed using Cronbach’s Alpha. Concurrent validity was analyzed through Pearson’s correlation between the resulting factors and external var-iables selected as criteria. A scale of 15 items was obtained, distributed in four factors that explain 42.096 % of the variance: Factor 1-Self-esteem; Factor 2-Self-control; Factor 3-Verbal Aggression; and Factor 4-Imposition. A simple and useful instrument is offered in the field of family assessment and intervention to identify parenting competencies and their potentiation through evidence-based family education programs for positive parenting. The scale can be applied with mothers of the general population from a family coexistence promotion and preventive perspective to anticipate family difficulties. It can also be applied in vulnerable situations. It is also useful for evaluating parenting programs and identifying evidence of their effectiveness

Las redes sociales en la biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás. CSIC

Sección: En directoEl impacto de la web social en la transmisión de información y en la comunicación entre personas es de tal magnitud en la actualidad que las bibliotecas no pueden ni deben mantenerse al margen y desaprovechar todas las posibilidades que les ofrece. En este artículo queremos presentar cómo se ha aplicado la web social en la Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás (BTNT) y cómo esta ha convertido a las redes sociales en un aliado para aumentar su visibilidad. En el momento actual la biblioteca sigue buscando nuevas fórmulas para sacar el máximo partido de sus herramientas fomentando el conocimiento de su colección bibliográfica y sus fondos de archivo. La BTNT, perteneciente a la Red de Bibliotecas y Archivos del CSIC, es una biblioteca de investigación en las áreas de humanidades y ciencias sociales (HCS). A pesar del interés de sus fondos y del volumen [1] de su colección, la BTNT no ha alcanzado todavía el nivel de difusión e impacto que correspondería a una biblioteca de su importancia, especialidad y tamaño. Este fue uno de los motivos que llevaron a la BTNT a plantearse aprovechar, desde su inicio, las oportunidades que ofrecen las herramientas de la web social.N