La nueva lexicografía electrónica: análisis comparativo con las tendencias en Asia oriental

Western and far-Eastern lexicography differ in their origin and conception. With the globalization, many lexicographical trends tend to expand across the world. However, there are some attitudes and technological differences between West and East, mainly those concerning the use of pocket electronic dictionaries The research published on this paper analyzes those divergences and tries to explain them according to the different historical tradition of dictionaries, as well as the sociological and educational backgrounds. Particular attention is granted to Japan, the leader in quality handheld electronic dictionaries, and China. Surveys were conducted among Japanese and Chinese students, and four pocket electronic dictionaries were examined in detail. 1

Na+-dependent NO3- uptake in leaf cells of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile

Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is an endemic Mediterranean seagrass of recognized ecological significance and, as other seagrasses, this species has secondarily adapted to live in the marine environment. In this alkaline medium with a high Na+ concentration (0.5 M), the high inwardly directed electrochemical potential gradient for sodium is used in the seagrass Zostera marina to energize the uptake of nitrate1 and phosphate that usually occur at concentration below 10 µM. Here we summarize several evidences for the operation of a sodium-dependent high-affinity nitrate transport system at the plasma membrane of the mesophyll leaf cells of P. oceanica. Leaf cells of P. oceanica possess a H+-ATPase as a primary pump, exhibit a plasma membrane potential (Em) of -174 ± 10 mV and show reduced Na+ permeability. The addition of micromolar nitrate concentrations induces membrane depolarizations that show saturation kinetics. Curve fitting of the values renders a semisaturation constant (Km) of 21.3 ± 6.6 μM and a maximum depolarization (Dmax) of 7 ± 1 mV. In dark conditions, Dmax decreases by fifty percent but no significant effect is observed on the Km value. On the other hand, nitrate induced depolarizations show sodium dependence. The depolarizations induced by 100 µM NO3- in media containing increasing Na+ concentrations (from 0 to 250 mM) show saturation kinetics, rendering a Km value of 16 ± 5 mM Na+. Moreover, the depolarization induced by 100 µM NO3- is accompanied by a simultaneous increase of cytosolic sodium, measured by Na+-sensitive microelectrodes, of 0.4 ± 0.2 mM above the resting cytosolic sodium concentration (17 ± 2 mM). Finally, nitrate uptake rates, measured in depletion experiments, decreases by 50% and 80% in dark conditions and in the absence of Na+, respectively, compared with control conditions (0.5 M Na+ and light). All together, these results strongly suggest that NO3- uptake in P. oceanica leaf cells is mediated by a high-affinity nitrate carrier that uses Na+ as the driving ion. 1 Rubio et al. (2005). J. Exp. Bot, 412: 613-622. Project Funding: CTM 2011-30356. (MEC)Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

3D FEM model development from 3D optical measurement technique applied to corroded steel bars

Understanding the mechanical effects of the corrosion pits on the steel surface requires an accurate definition of their geometry and distribution along the rebar. 3D optical measurement technique is used to obtain the outer geometry of artificially corroded bars tested under cyclic or monotonic loads. 3D FEM model development from the 3D scanning results were carried out in order to investigate the failure process and local effects on the pits, which are responsible of the variation of the mechanical properties in corroded steel reinforcement. In addition, a validation of a simplified model, which allows the mechanical steel properties determination given an estimated corrosion level, is presented. 3D models were convenient to observe and measure the local effects on the pits.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Los Ayerbe: tres ingenieros de montes altoaragoneses y su aportación a la hidrología forestal española

Este artículo presenta una síntesis biográfica y técnica de una saga familiar de ingenieros de Montes altoaragoneses (Pedro Ayerbe Allué, Benito Ayerbe Aísa y José María Ayerbe Vallés), que realizaron una destacada y pionera aportación a la hidrología forestal española durante el siglo XX . Esta aportación se produjo, en particular, en obras de corrección de torrentes y de aludes en el Pirineo de Huesca: en la cuenca alta del río Gállego (torrentes de Arratiecho, Arás, Arguisal, Escuer y Sía, así como la defensa del balneario de Panticosa) y en las cercanías de Canfranc (torrente de Los Meses, para la defensa de dicho pueblo, y las grandes obras de defensa de la Estación Ferroviaria Internacional de Los Arañones). Todas estas obras, de las que se presenta un abundante material gráfico, constituyen ejemplos extraordinarios del éxito de la corrección hidrológico-forestal después de décadas de funcionamiento.This paper presents a biographical and technical synthesis of a lineage of forestry engineers from Huesca, Aragon (Pedro Ayerbe Allué, Benito Ayerbe Aísa and José María Ayerbe Vallés), who made an outstanding and pioneering contribution to the Spanish forest hydrology during the 20th century. This contribution came especially from performing works of torrent and snow avalanche correction in the Pyrenees of Huesca: in the Upper Gállego River (torrents of Arratiecho, Arás, Arguisal, Escuer and Sía, and the defence of the Panticosa Spa); and near the town of Canfranc (torrent of Los Meses, for the defence of the village, and the great defence works of the International Railway Station of Los Arañones). All these works, of which abundant graphic material is presented, are extraordinary and successful examples of forest hydrological correction after decades of operation

Microtubule depolymerization and tau phosphorylation

Inge Grundke-Iqbal and Khalid Iqbal found a connection between microtubule associated tau and Alzheimer's disease. They described that abnormally phosphorylated tau is a component of the paired helical filaments found in the disease. Afterwards they described that tau hyperphosphorylation prevents microtubule assembly. Now trying to complement the relationship between microtubules and tau phosphorylation, we have commented on the effect of microtubule disassembly on tau phosphorylation. In this study, we investigated the role of microtubule depolymerization induced by nocodazole on tau phosphorylation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our results indicate that nocodazole provokes tau phosphorylation mediated by GSK3, as determined by using AT-8 or Tau-1 antibodies. Interestingly, total GSK3β and GSK3β phosphorylation on Ser-9 are not altered during nocodazole treatment. In addition, microtubule stabilization with taxol had similar effects, likely because taxol and tau compete for the same binding sites on microtubules, and in the presence of taxol, tau could be detached from microtubules. Thus, unbound tau from microtubles can be phosphorylated by GSK3, even if the activity of GSK3 is not altered, probably because tau unbound to microtubules could be a better substrate for the kinase than microtubule-associated tau. These findings suggest that microtubule depolymerization can be a primary event in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease and that tau phosphorylation takes place afterwards. © 2013-IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe

A Highly Available Cluster of Web Servers with Increased Storage Capacity

Ponencias de las Decimoséptimas Jornadas de Paralelismo de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha celebradas el 18,19 y 20 de septiembre de 2006 en AlbaceteWeb servers scalability has been traditionally solved by improving software elements or increasing hardware resources of the server machine. Another approach has been the usage of distributed architectures. In such architectures, usually, file al- location strategy has been either full replication or full distribution. In previous works we have showed that partial replication offers a good balance between storage capacity and reliability. It offers much higher storage capacity while reliability may be kept at an equivalent level of that from fully replicated solutions. In this paper we present the architectural details of Web cluster solutions adapted to partial replication. We also show that partial replication does not imply a penalty in performance over classical fully replicated architectures. For evaluation purposes we have used a simulation model under the OMNeT++ framework and we use mean service time as a performance comparison metric.Publicad

Marcia J. Bates: El context i la interacció han de ser elements bàsics en els sistemes de recuperació de la informació

Entrevista a Marcia J. Bates a la University od California at Los Angeles i experta en sistemes de recuperació de la Informació orientats a l'usuari i en representació del contingut i accés per matèries. Es parla de l'evolució de les tecnologies i l'automatització de tasques que requereixen la capacitat de raonament de la persona, del comportament de l'usuari quan cerca per matèries, de la formació en competències en el maneig de la informació, de la necessitat del context en la indexació i la recuperació per matèries, i l'empatia en les relacions entre bibliotecaris i usuaris