Información consolidada de las operaciones sobre instrumentos financieros en la UE: a propósito de las propuestas de reforma de MIFIR y MIFID 2

[ES] La negociación de mercados de instrumentos financieros en mercados, propiamente dichos, o en el seno de entidades financieras especializadas, constituye un conjunto de mecanismos adecuados para atraer inversión a las empresas que necesitan financiarse. Uno de los retos de la Unión Europea (UE) para fortalecer los mercados de capitales y financieros, pasa por mejorar el funcionamiento de los centros de negociación y su transparencia. Con ese objetivo, la Comisión Europea ha propuesto reformas en MIFIR y MIFID 2 que incluyen, de forma principal, el fomento de la consolidación de flujos de datos de mercados de toda la UE, relativos a distintos instrumentos financieros y su puesta a disposición de la comunidad inversora. Aquí se analiza el panorama relativo a la consolidación de datos de mercados para su transformación en información relevante, el régimen vigente en la UE y las modificaciones proyectadas por la Comisión. Se aporta una visión crítica sobre la conveniencia y adecuación de las propuestas de reforma.[EN] The trading of financial instruments in markets, either in exchanges themselves or within specialised financial institutions, constitutes an appropriate set of mechanisms for attracting investment to companies in need of financing. One of the challenges facing the European Union (EU) in strengthening capital and financial markets is to improve the functioning and transparency of trading venues. To this end, the European Commission has proposed reforms to MiFIR and MiFID 2, that include primarily promoting the consolidation of data flows from markets across the EU for different financial instruments and making them available to the investment community. This paper analyses the landscape for the consolidation of market data into relevant information, the existing EU regime and the Commission's planned amendments. It provides a critical view on the suitability and adequacy of the reform proposals.S

Información consolidada de las operaciones sobre instrumentos financieros en la UE : a propósito de las propuestas de reforma de MIFIR y MIFID 2

La negociación de mercados de instrumentos financieros en mercados, propiamente dichos, o en el seno de entidades financieras especializadas, constituye un conjunto de mecanismos adecuados para atraer inversión a las empresas que necesitan financiarse. Uno de los retos de la Unión Europea (UE) para fortalecer los mercados de capitales y financieros, pasa por mejorar el funcionamiento de los centros de negociación y su transparencia. Con ese objetivo, la Comisión Europea ha propuesto reformas en MIFIR y MIFID 2 que incluyen, de forma principal, el fomento de la consolidación de flujos de datos de mercados de toda la UE, relativos a distintos instrumentos financieros y su puesta a disposición de la comunidad inversora. Aquí se analiza el panorama relativo a la consolidación de datos de mercados para su transformación en información relevante, el régimen vigente en la UE y las modificaciones proyectadas por la Comisión. Se aporta una visión crítica sobre la conveniencia y adecuación de las propuestas de reforma.La negociació de mercats d'instruments financers en mercats pròpiament dits, o en el si d'entitats financeres especialitzades, constitueix un conjunt de mecanismes adequats per atraure inversió a les empreses que necessiten finançar-se. Un dels reptes de la Unió Europea (UE) per enfortir els mercats de capitals i financers passa per millorar el funcionament dels centres de negociació i la seva transparència. Amb aquest objectiu, la Comissió Europea ha proposat reformes a MIFIR i MIFID 2 que inclouen, de forma principal, el foment de la consolidació de fluxos de dades de mercats de tota la UE, relatius a diferents instruments financers i la seva posada a disposició de la comunitat inversora. Aquí s'analitza el panorama relatiu a la consolidació de dades de mercats per transformar-les en informació rellevant, el règim vigent a la UE i les modificacions projectades per la Comissió. S'aporta una visió crítica sobre la conveniència i l'adequació de les propostes de reforma.The trading of financial instruments in markets, either in exchanges themselves or within specialised financial institutions, constitutes an appropriate set of mechanisms for attracting investment to companies in need of financing. One of the challenges facing the European Union (EU) in strengthening capital and financial markets is to improve the functioning and transparency of trading venues. To this end, the European Commission has proposed reforms to MiFIR and MiFID 2, that include primarily promoting the consolidation of data flows from markets across the EU for different financial instruments and making them available to the investment community. This paper analyses the landscape for the consolidation of market data into relevant information, the existing EU regime and the Commission's planned amendments. It provides a critical view on the suitability and adequacy of the reform proposals

Discriminación de género en el acceso a bienes y servicios en el tráfico mercantil entre privados

La Directiva 2004/113/CE, y la Ley Orgánica 3/2007 que la traspone representan un avance en el Derecho antidiscriminatorio por razón de género y en concreto al suministro de bienes y servicios. En este trabajo nos centramos en el acceso a los ofertados desde el sector privado de la economía. Apuntamos a la deficiente incorporación en España de algunas disposiciones de la Directiva; a la necesidad de superar el recurso a la nulidad como principal solución de controversias; así como a la conveniencia de que la regulación antidiscriminatoria de derecho privado reciba un tratamiento legislativo transversal, para así hacer eficaz el derecho a la igualdad y el propio derecho del mercado en áreas tan relevantes como la competencia deslea

Sensitization to isothiazolinones in the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC): 2019–2021 epidemiological situation

Background: Current frequency and risk factors for sensitization to methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and octylisothiazolinone (OIT) in Spain are not well known. Objectives: To study the frequency of sensitization, risk factors and simultaneous sensitization between the four isothiazolinones. Materials and Methods: We analysed all 2019-2021 consecutive patients patch-tested with MI (0.2% aq.), MCI/MI (0.02% aq.), BIT (0.1% pet.) and OIT (0.1% pet) within the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC). Results: A total of 2511 patients were analysed. Frequencies of sensitization were: any isothiazolinone 15.7%, MI 6.8%, MCI/MI 4.8%, BIT 3.5% and OIT 0.5%. MI and MCI/MI sensitization was associated with being occupationally active, hand dermatitis, detergents and age over 40. BIT sensitization was associated with leg dermatitis and age over 40. About one in nine MI-positive patients were positive to BIT, whereas one in five BIT-positive patients were positive to MI. Conclusions: Sensitization to MI, MCI/MI and BIT is still common in Spain, while sensitization to OIT is rare. Currently, sensitization to MI and MCI/MI seems to be occupationally related. Although its origin is unknown, sensitization to BIT is more frequent in patients aged over 40 years. Simultaneous sensitization between MI and BIT is uncommon.The Spanish Registry of Contact Dermatitis (REIDAC) is promoted by the Fundación Piel Sana (Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología), which has received financial support from the Spanish Medicines and Health Products Agency (Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios. https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2022/04/11/pdfs/BOE-A-2022-5975.pdf) and Sanofi. The funders were not involved in the design and conduct of the study, collection, management, analysis and interpretation of data, preparation, review, approval of the manuscript, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

Primera mesa de trabajo de las II Jornadas Nacionales de Derecho y Ciberseguridad

Primera mesa de trabajo: “La protección del consumidor en la adquisición de productos y servicios en línea” por Dña. Helena Díez García, Profesora Titular de Derecho Civil (Acred. Catedrática) de la Universidad de León / “Derecho al olvido”por Dña. Anabelén Casares Marcos, Profesora Titular de Derecho Administrativo de la Universidad de León / “Retos de la ciberseguridad en los nuevos mercados financieros (Información privilegiada)”por Dña. Elena Fátima Pérez Carrillo, Profesora Ayudante Doctora de Derecho Mercantil de la Universidad de León / “Tratamiento tributario de los nuevos medios de pago virtuales: las bitcoins” por Dña. Marta González Aparicio. Becaria Investigación FPU de la Universidad de León / Modera: Dña. Isabel Durán Seco, Profesora Contratada Doctora (Acred. Profesora Titular) de Derecho Penal de la Universidad de Leó

Development and validation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor measurement in human urine samples as a non-invasive effect biomarker

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophic growth factor mainly expressed in the brain, has been proposed as a potential effect biomarker; that is, as a measurable biomarker whose values could be associated with several diseases, including neurological impairments. The European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) has also recognized effect biomarkers as a useful tool for establishing link between exposure to environmental pollutants and human health. Despite the well-establish protocol for measuring serum BDNF, there is a need to validate its assessment in urine, a non-invasive sample that can be easily repeated over time. The aim of this study was to develop, standardize and validate a methodology to quantify BDNF protein levels in urine samples before its implementation in biomonitoring studies. Methods: Different experimental conditions and non-competitive commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were tested to determine the optimal analytical procedure, trying to minimize the shortcomings of ELISA kits. The fine-tune protocol was validated in a pilot study using both upon awakening (n = 150) and prior to sleeping (n = 106) urine samples from the same Spanish adolescent males in a well-characterized study population (the Spanish INMA-Granada cohort). Results: The best results were obtained in 0.6 ml of urine after the acidification and extraction (pre-concentration) of samples. The highest reproducibility was obtained with the ELISA kit from Raybiotech. Urinary BDNF concentrations of adolescent males were within the previously reported range (morning = 0.047– 6.801 ng/ml and night = 0.047–7.404 ng/ml). Urinary BDNF levels in the awakening and pre-sleep samples did not follow a normal distribution and were not correlated. Conclusion: The developed methodology offers good sensitivity and reproducibility. Having reliable markers in urine may facilitate both diagnosis and monitoring possible diseases (and treatment). Further studies are needed to implement urinary BDNF in biomonitoring studies to further elucidate its usefulness and biological significance for neurological impairments.European Commission 733032Biomedical Research Networking Center-CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) of the Institute of Health Carlos IIIInstitute of Health Carlos III (SCIII) - European Regional Development Fund/FEDER FIS-PI17/01526 FIS-PI20/01656Instituto de Salud Carlos III FI21/00236Miguel Servet Type II Program CP1121/00014Spanish Government FPU17/01848Junta de Andalucia-PAIDI (Spain

Mis casos Clínicos de Odontopediatría y Ortodoncia

Libro que conjunta casos en el área de Odontopediatría y OrtodonciaEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el tercer libro del 2021, sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG