118 research outputs found

    Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history

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    The distribution of the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been heavily influenced by its association with humans. The dispersal history of this non-native commensal rodent across Europe, however, remains poorly understood, and different introductions may have occurred during the Roman and medieval periods. Here, in order to reconstruct the population history of European black rats, we first generate a de novo genome assembly of the black rat. We then sequence 67 ancient and three modern black rat mitogenomes, and 36 ancient and three modern nuclear genomes from archaeological sites spanning the 1st-17th centuries CE in Europe and North Africa. Analyses of our newly reported sequences, together with published mitochondrial DNA sequences, confirm that black rats were introduced into the Mediterranean and Europe from Southwest Asia. Genomic analyses of the ancient rats reveal a population turnover in temperate Europe between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, coincident with an archaeologically attested decline in the black rat population. The near disappearance and re-emergence of black rats in Europe may have been the result of the breakdown of the Roman Empire, the First Plague Pandemic, and/or post-Roman climatic cooling.Peer reviewe

    Spatial fluctuation of food habits in Byzantine Beirut (Bey 002, Bey 028, Bey 115)

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    The study of the multi-period site of Bey 002 (Martyr’s Square, Beirut, Lebanon) has revealed that after a peak of pork consumption in the Roman period, a decrease in its frequency occurred beginning in the Byzantine period which then became accentuated in the Umayyad period. Among the other noticeable trends in meat consumption on this site, there is a decline in the sources of meat, diversity being reduced to a minimum in the Islamic period. Finally, the important role of veal in this period is to be noted. These results have stimulated new research, particularly for the Byzantine period. Thus, the animal bones from two new excavations in the city centre of Beirut were analysed. These new data indicate that the decline of pork and the increase in the consumption of veal are very much in evidence even before the Islamic period. They also reveal the selective nature of the desire for pork in the Roman period. The decline of the Empire led to a clear decrease in this meat, which became marginalised in the Byzantine period at Bey 028 and Bey 115 and in the Umayyad period at Bey 002. The components of meat consumption of the three Byzantine assemblages are homogenous and produce a relatively reliable image of the composition of meat consumption in this sector situated at the periphery of the eastern forum.L’étude diachronique du site de Bey 002 (Place des Martyrs, Liban) a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©, aprĂšs un pic de consommation du porc Ă  la pĂ©riode romaine, une baisse de sa frĂ©quence dĂšs la pĂ©riode byzantine qui s’accentue ensuite Ă  la pĂ©riode omeyyade. Parmi les autres tendances notables de l’alimentation carnĂ©e sur ce site, on assiste Ă  un dĂ©clin des sources de viande dont la diversitĂ© atteint son minimum Ă  la pĂ©riode islamique. Enfin la place remarquable du veau Ă  cette derniĂšre pĂ©riode doit ĂȘtre soulignĂ©e. Ces rĂ©sultats ont stimulĂ© de nouvelles recherches particuliĂšrement sur la pĂ©riode byzantine. Ainsi les ossements issus de deux nouvelles fouilles du centre-ville de Beyrouth ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s. Ces donnĂ©es inĂ©dites dĂ©montrent que le dĂ©clin du porc et la hausse de la consommation du veau sont trĂšs bien illustrĂ©s avant mĂȘme la pĂ©riode islamique. Elles rĂ©vĂšlent de plus le caractĂšre ponctuel de l’engouement pour la viande de porc Ă  la pĂ©riode romaine. Le dĂ©clin de l’Empire engendre un recul net de cette viande pour aboutir Ă  la marginalisation des suidĂ©s dĂšs la pĂ©riode byzantine sur Bey 028 et Bey 115 et Ă  la pĂ©riode omeyyade pour Bey 002. Les composantes de l’alimentation carnĂ©e des trois assemblages byzantins sont homogĂšnes et livrent donc une image relativement fi able de la composition de l’alimentation carnĂ©e dans ce secteur situĂ© Ă  la pĂ©riphĂ©rie du forum oriental.Oueslati Tarek. Spatial fluctuation of food habits in Byzantine Beirut (Bey 002, Bey 028, Bey 115). In: Archaeozoology of the Near East VIII. Actes des huitiĂšmes Rencontres internationales d'ArchĂ©ozoologie de l'Asie du Sud-Ouest et des rĂ©gions adjacentes. Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e Jean Pouilloux, 2008. pp. 629-646. (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient et de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e, 49

    Spatial fluctuation of food habits in Byzantine Beirut (Bey 002, Bey 028, Bey 115)

    No full text
    The study of the multi-period site of Bey 002 (Martyr’s Square, Beirut, Lebanon) has revealed that after a peak of pork consumption in the Roman period, a decrease in its frequency occurred beginning in the Byzantine period which then became accentuated in the Umayyad period. Among the other noticeable trends in meat consumption on this site, there is a decline in the sources of meat, diversity being reduced to a minimum in the Islamic period. Finally, the important role of veal in this period is to be noted. These results have stimulated new research, particularly for the Byzantine period. Thus, the animal bones from two new excavations in the city centre of Beirut were analysed. These new data indicate that the decline of pork and the increase in the consumption of veal are very much in evidence even before the Islamic period. They also reveal the selective nature of the desire for pork in the Roman period. The decline of the Empire led to a clear decrease in this meat, which became marginalised in the Byzantine period at Bey 028 and Bey 115 and in the Umayyad period at Bey 002. The components of meat consumption of the three Byzantine assemblages are homogenous and produce a relatively reliable image of the composition of meat consumption in this sector situated at the periphery of the eastern forum.L’étude diachronique du site de Bey 002 (Place des Martyrs, Liban) a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©, aprĂšs un pic de consommation du porc Ă  la pĂ©riode romaine, une baisse de sa frĂ©quence dĂšs la pĂ©riode byzantine qui s’accentue ensuite Ă  la pĂ©riode omeyyade. Parmi les autres tendances notables de l’alimentation carnĂ©e sur ce site, on assiste Ă  un dĂ©clin des sources de viande dont la diversitĂ© atteint son minimum Ă  la pĂ©riode islamique. Enfin la place remarquable du veau Ă  cette derniĂšre pĂ©riode doit ĂȘtre soulignĂ©e. Ces rĂ©sultats ont stimulĂ© de nouvelles recherches particuliĂšrement sur la pĂ©riode byzantine. Ainsi les ossements issus de deux nouvelles fouilles du centre-ville de Beyrouth ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s. Ces donnĂ©es inĂ©dites dĂ©montrent que le dĂ©clin du porc et la hausse de la consommation du veau sont trĂšs bien illustrĂ©s avant mĂȘme la pĂ©riode islamique. Elles rĂ©vĂšlent de plus le caractĂšre ponctuel de l’engouement pour la viande de porc Ă  la pĂ©riode romaine. Le dĂ©clin de l’Empire engendre un recul net de cette viande pour aboutir Ă  la marginalisation des suidĂ©s dĂšs la pĂ©riode byzantine sur Bey 028 et Bey 115 et Ă  la pĂ©riode omeyyade pour Bey 002. Les composantes de l’alimentation carnĂ©e des trois assemblages byzantins sont homogĂšnes et livrent donc une image relativement fi able de la composition de l’alimentation carnĂ©e dans ce secteur situĂ© Ă  la pĂ©riphĂ©rie du forum oriental.Oueslati Tarek. Spatial fluctuation of food habits in Byzantine Beirut (Bey 002, Bey 028, Bey 115). In: Archaeozoology of the Near East VIII. Actes des huitiĂšmes Rencontres internationales d'ArchĂ©ozoologie de l'Asie du Sud-Ouest et des rĂ©gions adjacentes. Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e Jean Pouilloux, 2008. pp. 629-646. (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient et de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e, 49

    Les amas coquillers protobyzantins de Limenas: Exploitation des ressources piscicoles, alimentation carnée et déclin de la cité de Thasos (GrÚce)

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    Actes des XXVIIIe rencontres d’archĂ©ologie et d’histoire d’Antibes, 18-20 octobre 2007International audienc

    L'illustration du dynamisme de la pĂȘche et de la consommation des produits marins aux Xe-XIe s

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    Ouvrage paraĂźt Ă  l’occasion de l’exposition '' Le haut Moyen Âge dans le nord de la France. Des Francs aux premiers comtes de Flandre, de la fin du IVe au milieu du Xe siĂšcle'', prĂ©sentĂ©e au MusĂ©e-Parc ArkĂ©os du 16 janvier au 2 juin 2015 et organisĂ©e par la CommunautĂ© d’agglomĂ©ration du Douaisis, l’Inrap et l’UniversitĂ© de Lille (Sciences Humaines et Sociales)

    Approche des liens entre statut social, nutrition et Ă©tat sanitaire Ă  l’époque moderne: Application aux individus exhumĂ©s de la collĂ©giale Saint-AmĂ©

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    Actes du colloque Sciences des matériaux du patrimoine culturel, 2e cycle, Paris, 2013Pierre Demolon (Dir.)Paris, 2013National audienc
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