The Godly Sheikh Khaleel Bin Muhammed Al-Fayadh: His Educational Efforts in Social Reform

Since its founding, Fallujah has been marked by virtue and generosity. It was possesses a brilliant history and is widely known for its great contribution to education, such as the Asfiya school. This school is a vital cornerstone in the construction and propagation of the nation’s religion. The School alumni can be found throughout much of the globe. They are admitted to Al-Azhar without need for curricular clearance. This school has adopted a scientific educational approach, unmatched among today's schools, which has made it a permanent and continued success. Despite the small size of the student body, Al-Asifiya students are of exceptional quality. This conference is organized to revive the glorious history of the land of Mesopotamia from the district of Fallujah. The intellectual wheel in Fallujah has remained a resilient one. Whenever a setback happens to the intellectual and civic life, it is followed by a stronger regenerative movement, and a scientific renaissance that dust itself off and renew its glory. One of the best examples of this is the reopening of the Al-Asifia School, led by an excellent staff of outstanding teachers. One of these is the pious Khaleel Bin Muhammed Bin Abdullah Al-Fayadh, well-known for his good morals, easygoing character, educational experience and wisdom in Islam advocacy and Guiding. He led a celebrated life in Al-Asifiyah with its leading guardian Sheikh Abdulazeez Al-Samarrai, the knowledge agent in Anbar Province. Sheikh Fayadh is the Sheikh of Al-Asifiyah, he learnt from Sheikh Abdulazeez a variety of religious, narrated, and mental studies. He was licensed and publicly authorized to take over the administration of the school following Al-Samarrai. Al-Fayadh obtained the respect and a lofty position among the Fallujan community. Keywords: Scientist, community reform, educational efforts, Sheikh Khalil, Mohammed Faya

Boubaker Wavelets Functions: Properties and Applications

تم في هذا البحث تقديم شرح تفصيلي لدوال متعددة حدود بوبكر المتعامدة مع بعض الخواص ذات الاهمية، كذلك استنتاج تعريف متعددات حدود بوبكر الموجية في الفترة (1, 0] وذلك بالاستفادة  من بعض الخواص المهمة لمتعددة حدود بوبكر. تمتلك هذه الدوال الاساسية خاصية العيارية المتعامدة بالإضافة الى ضرورة تواجد المنطلق المرصوص. لهذه الدوال الموجية العديد من المزايا وقد استخدمت في المجال النظري بالإضافة الى المجال العملي وتم استخدامها مع متعددات الحدود المتعامدة لغرض طرح طريقة جديدة للتعامل مع العديد من المسائل في العلوم والهندسة ولذلك تعتبر طريقة استخدام الموجبات ذات اهمية كبيرة عند الاستفادة منها في المجالات ذات العلاقة. بالإضافة الى الاستفادة من موجبات بوبكر للحصول على خاصية جديدة  وهي مشتقات دالة بوبكر الموجية. استخدمت موجية بوبكر مع طريقة الترصيف للحصول على حل عددي تقريبي لمعادلات لان ايمدن من النوع الخطي المنفرد. تصف معادلات لان ايمدن العديد من الظواهر المهمة في علم الرياضيات والفيزياء السماوي مثل الانفجارات الحرارية الكونية وتكوين النجوم. وتعتبر احدى حالات مسائل القيمة الابتدائية المنفردة للمعادلات التفاضلية اللاخطية من الرتبة الثانية. تقوم هذه الطريقة المقترحة بتحويل معادلة لان ايمدن الى نظام من المعادلات التفاضلية الخطية والتي يمكن حلها بسهولة باستخدام الحاسبة. بناءً على هذا فقد ظهر تطابق الحل العددي مع الحل التحليلي بالرغم من استخدام عدد قليل من متعددات حدود بوبكر الموجية لغرض ايجاد هذا الحل. كذلك، تم في هذا البحث البرهنة على قيمه قيد الخطأ المستخرج من هذه الطريقة. وتضمن هذا البحث على ثلاث امثلة عددية من نوع معادلات لان ايمدن لتوضيح قابلية استخدام الطريقة المقترحة. تم توضيح النتائج الحقيقة مع النتائج التقريبية في شكل جداول ورسوم هندسية لغرض المقارنة.This paper is concerned with introducing an explicit expression for orthogonal Boubaker polynomial functions with some important properties. Taking advantage of the interesting properties of Boubaker polynomials, the definition of Boubaker wavelets on interval [0,1) is achieved. These basic functions are orthonormal and have compact support. Wavelets have many advantages and applications in the theoretical and applied fields, and they are applied with the orthogonal polynomials to propose a new method for treating several problems in sciences, and engineering that is wavelet method, which is computationally more attractive in the various fields. A novel property of Boubaker wavelet function derivative in terms of Boubaker wavelet themselves is also obtained. This Boubaker wavelet is utilized along with a collocation method to obtain an approximate numerical solution of singular linear type of Lane-Emden equations. Lane-Emden equations describe several important phenomena in mathematical science and astrophysics such as thermal explosions and stellar structure. It is one of the cases of singular initial value problem in the form of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The suggested method converts Lane-Emden equation into a system of linear differential equations, which can be performed easily on computer. Consequently, the numerical solution concurs with the exact solution even with a small number of Boubaker wavelets used in estimation. An estimation of error bound for the present method is also proved in this work. Three examples of Lane-Emden type equations are included to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The exact known solutions against the obtained approximate results are illustrated in figures for compariso

Hydration Characteristics of Limestone Filled Cement Pastes

The physico-mechanical properties of hardened limestone-filled cement pastes were studied. Five filled-cements were prepared from 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt. % of limestone and OPC. The water of consistency of filled-cement pastes was 0.275, 0.275, 0.275, 0.272, and 0.270, respectively. The pastes are moulded into one inch cubic moulds and left within the moulds at 100% relative humidity for 24 h, then demoulded and cured under tap water for 3, 7, 28, and 90 days. At each hydration time, the combined water, bulk density, total porosity and compressive strength of the hardened filled-cement pastes were determined. Some selected filled-cement pastes were investigated using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) Techniques. Addition of limestone to Portland cement causes an increase of hydration at early ages inducing a high early strength, but it can reduce the later strength due to the dilution effect. The results indicate that the addition of limestone up to 5 wt. % improves the physico-mechanical properties of ordinary Portland cement which acts as a nucleating agent and accelerates the hydration of filled cement pastes. The addition of 5 wt. % limestone can be used in the production of portland cement according to the international specifications. On the other side, the addition of 10-20 wt. % limestone can be used in the production of blended or mixed cements

Analysis and Design of E-shape Meander Line Antenna for LTE Mobile Communications

the meander line antenna (MLA) is an electrically small antenna. Electrically small antennas pose several performance related issues such as narrow bandwidth, low gain and high cross polarization levels. In this paper, we analysis and design an E-shape MLA as anew shape to achieve wider bandwidth and smaller gain at 2.5 GHz compared to the classical MLA. Parametric study has been done for the effect of changing each variable in the antenna structure and study the effect of this change on the antenna performance. The best` performance of separate variables is combined at the end which give suboptimal design. Professional design software (HFSS) is used to design and optimize the antenna and MATLAB codes were written to determine the resonant frequency and the bandwidth for each study in this paper

Incidence and Mortality in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer After Negative Endoscopy for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with an increased risk of cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to assess whether and to what extent a negative upper endoscopy in patients with GERD is associated with decreased incidence and mortality in upper gastrointestinal cancer (ie, esophageal, gastric, or duodenal cancer). METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study of all patients with newly diagnosed GERD between July 1, 1979 and December 31, 2018 in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The exposure, negative upper endoscopy, was examined as a time-varying exposure, where participants contributed unexposed person-time from GERD diagnosis until screened and exposed person-time from the negative upper endoscopy. The incidence and mortality in upper gastrointestinal cancer were assessed using parametric flexible models, providing adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Among 1,062,740 patients with GERD (median age 58 years; 52% were women) followed for a mean of 7.0 person-years, 5324 (0.5%) developed upper gastrointestinal cancer and 4465 (0.4%) died from such cancer. Patients who had a negative upper endoscopy had a 55% decreased risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer compared with those who did not undergo endoscopy (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.43-0.48), a decrease that was more pronounced during more recent years (HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.30-0.38 from 2008 onward), and was otherwise stable across sex and age groups. The corresponding reduction in upper gastrointestinal mortality among patients with upper endoscopy was 61% (adjusted HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.37-0.42). The risk reduction after a negative upper endoscopy in incidence and mortality lasted for 5 and at least 10 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Negative upper endoscopy is associated with strong and long-lasting decreases in incidence and mortality in upper gastrointestinal cancer in patients with GERD.Peer reviewe

Validation of the Arabic version of the Social Communication Questionnaire

Validated screening and diagnostic tools for autism spectrum disorder for use in Arabic-speaking individuals are scarce. This study validated the Arabic version of the Social Communication Questionnaire. The total study sample included 206 children with autism spectrum disorder and 206 typically developing children (73.8% male; mean age: 8.5 (standard deviation = 2.6) years). The mean Social Communication Questionnaire total score was significantly higher in autism spectrum disorder children than in typically developing children (p < 0.0001). Scores on the three Social Communication Questionnaire subscales also differed significantly between the groups (p < 0.001). Of the 39 items, 37 were endorsed significantly more often in the autism spectrum disorder group. The total Social Communication Questionnaire score did not vary by age or gender. Internal consistency was excellent (alpha = 0.92). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve for the total score showed excellent discrimination between autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children (area under the curve = 0.95; 95% confidence interval: 0.93–0.97). The areas under the curve for the scale subscores were 0.923 (95% confidence interval: 0.898–0.949) for the social interaction score, 0.872 (95% confidence interval: 0.838–0.905) for the communication score, and 0.856 (95% confidence interval: 0.819–0.893) for the repetitive behaviors score. The findings support the use of the Arabic Social Communication Questionnaire to successfully differentiate children with clinically diagnosed autism spectrum disorder using the established cutoff value for the English version.The authors would like to thank all the staff of the autism centers and schools who contributed in distributing and collecting the SCQ forms. They also would like to thank Western Psychological Services (WPS) staff for their help during the process of translating and reviewing the Arabic SCQ. They acknowledge Jennifer Holmes, ELS, for medical editing. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study was funded by the Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP 6-093-3-024)

Biomarkers in Spinal Cord Injury: Prognostic Insights and Future Potentials

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a major challenge in Neurotrauma research. Complex pathophysiological processes take place immediately after the injury and later on as the chronic injury develops. Moreover, SCI is usually accompanied by traumatic injuries because the most common modality of injury is road traffic accidents and falls. Patients develop significant permanent neurological deficits that depend on the extent and the location of the injury itself and in time they develop further neurological and body changes that may risk their mere survival. In our review, we explored the recent updates with regards to SCI biomarkers. We observed two methods that may lead to the appearance of biomarkers for SCI. First, during the first few weeks following the injury the Blood Spinal Cord Barrier (BSCB) disruption that releases several neurologic structure components from the injured tissue. These components find their way to Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and the systemic circulation. Also, as the injury develops several components of the pathological process are expressed or released such as in neuroinflammation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and excitotoxicity sequences. Therefore, there is a growing interest in examining any correlations between these components and the degrees or the outcomes of the injury. Additionally, some of the candidate biomarkers are theorized to track the progressive changes of SCI which offers an insight on the patients' prognoses, potential-treatments-outcomes assessment, and monitoring the progression of the complications of chronic SCI such as Pressure Ulcers and urinary dysfunction. An extensive literature review was performed covering literature, published in English, until February 2018 using the Medline/PubMed database. Experimental and human studies were included and titles, PMID, publication year, authors, biomarkers studies, the method of validation, relationship to SCI pathophysiology, and concluded correlation were reported. Potential SCI biomarkers need further validation using clinical studies. The selection of the appropriate biomarker group should be made based on the stage of the injuries, the accompanying trauma and with regards to any surgical, or medical interference that might have been done. Additionally, we suggest testing multiple biomarkers related to the several pathological changes coinciding to offer a more precise prediction of the outcome

Unveiling the pathogenic mechanisms of NPR2 missense variants: insights into the genotype-associated severity in acromesomelic dysplasia and short stature

Introduction: Natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2 or NPR-B) plays a central role in growth development and bone morphogenesis and therefore loss-of-function variations in NPR2 gene have been reported to cause Acromesomelic Dysplasia, Maroteaux type 1 and short stature. While several hypotheses have been proposed to underlie the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for these conditions, the exact mechanisms, and functional characteristics of many of those variants and their correlations with the clinical manifestations have not been fully established.Methods: In this study, we examined eight NPR2 genetic missense variants (p.Leu51Pro, p.Gly123Val, p.Leu314Arg, p.Arg318Gly, p.Arg388Gln, p.Arg495Cys, p.Arg557His, and p.Arg932Cys) Acromesomelic Dysplasia, Maroteaux type 1 and short stature located on diverse domains and broadly classified as variants of uncertain significance. The evaluated variants are either reported in patients with acromesomelic dysplasia in the homozygous state or short stature in the heterozygous state. Our investigation included the evaluation of their expression, subcellular trafficking and localization, N-glycosylation profiles, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production activity.Results and Discussion: Our results indicate that variants p.Leu51Pro, p.Gly123Val, p.Leu314Arg, p.Arg388Gln have defective cellular trafficking, being sequestered within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and consequently impaired cGMP production ability. Conversely, variants p.Arg318Gly, p.Arg495Cys, and p.Arg557His seem to display a non-statistically significant behavior that is slightly comparable to WT-NPR2. On the other hand, p.Arg932Cys which is located within the guanylyl cyclase active site displayed normal cellular trafficking profile albeit with defective cGMP. Collectively, our data highlights the genotype-phenotype relationship that might be responsible for the milder symptoms observed in short stature compared to acromesomelic dysplasia. This study enhances our understanding of the functional consequences of several NPR2 variants, shedding light on their mechanisms and roles in related genetic disorders which might also help in their pathogenicity re-classification

Desalination and the commons: tragedy or triumph?

A policy is more likely to be economically efficient when its costs and benefits fall on the same group, but politicians can allocate costs and benefits to different groups within their jurisdictional commons. This article examines the distribution of costs and benefits from desalination projects using examples from San Diego, Almeria and Riyadh. The examples illustrate how mismatches between costs and benefits can persist or change as politicians adjust the policy portfolio to balance inefficiency and political risk.Global Challenges (FGGA