Field observations of wave and current characteristics on a microtidal reflective beach

At Costa Verde beach, Colombia, an intermediate reflective beach, the contributions of gravity (G) and infragravity (IG) waves to the evolution of the free surface and the cross-shore and alongshore velocities during two climatic periods were determined by applying the continuous wavelet transformation to sensor data recorded in field campaigns. In the dry season, the highest values of IG energy were found in the vicinity of the coastline, due to reflection processes in the área near the foreshore. Additionally, the cross-wavelet and coherence spectra between the free surface and the cross-shore and alongshore velocities allowed the identification of cross-shore and alongshore standing ‘‘leaky’’ waves and standing ‘‘edge’’ waves. In the rainy (wet) season, cross-shore and alongshore progressive leaky waves predominated in the área farthest from the shoreline. Close to the shore, mostly cross-shore standing leaky waves predominated because of reflection dynamics. On Costa Verde beach, the wave breaking is usually of the plunging type, which is characteristic of an intermediate reflective beach. The dimensionless fall velocity parameter (X) indicated that Costa Verde assumes the form of an intermediate ridge-runnel beach in the rainy (wet) season (low swell energy) and an intermediate transverse bar and rip beach in the dry season (high swell energy). This means that the Costa Verde beach tends to have small rip currents and pronounced ‘‘cusps.’’ Despite the lack of conclusive evidence to suggest that the appearance of cusps and rip currents is due to the presence of standing edge waves during the dry season, the data show that during the period of high energy swell, IG waves exist simultaneously with the cusps as small rhythmic systems of rip currents

Multiconfigurational second-order perturbation study of the decomposition of the radical anion of nitromethane

The doublet potential energy surfaces involved in the decomposition of the nitromethane radical anion (CH3NO2−) have been studied by using the multistate extension of the multiconfigurational second-order perturbation method (MS-CASPT2) in conjunction with large atomic natural orbital-type basis sets. A very low energy barrier is found for the decomposition reaction: CH3NO2−→[CH3NO2]−→CH3+NO2−. No evidence has been obtained on the existence of an isomerization channel leading to the initial formation of the methylnitrite anion (CH3ONO−) which, in a subsequent reaction, would yield nitric oxide (NO). In contrast, it is suggested that NO is formed through the bimolecular reaction: CH3+NO2−→[CH3O-N-O]−→CH3O−+NO. In particular, the CASSCF/MS-CASPT2 results indicate that the methylnitrite radical anion CH3ONO− does not represent a minimum energy structure, as concluded by using density functional theory (DFT) methodologies. The inverse symmetry breaking effect present in DFT is demonstrated to be responsible for such erroneous [email protected]

Imágenes de la inmigración a través de la fotografía de prensa. un análisis de contenido

Los datos que se presentan en este artículo son el resultado de un análisis de contenido sobre la representación visual de la inmigración a través de las fotografías presentes en los principales diarios españoles de ámbito nacional. Un estudio que es parte de un proyecto de investigación más amplio sobre el tratamiento informativo de la inmigración. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, y tomando la Teoría del Framing como base teórica, se puede afirmar que la cobertura dada a cada actor relacionado con la inmigración (policías, políticos y los propios inmigrantes) es diferente. Igualmente, que existen diferencias entre los periódicos, atendiendo a la línea editorial del diario (progresista frente a conservador) y al modelo de diario (prensa de prestigio frente a sensacionalista) en el tratamiento visual de la inmigración

Auxin and epigenetic regulation of SKP2B, an F-box that represses lateral root formation

In plants, lateral roots originate from pericycle founder cells that are specified at regular intervals along the main root. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SKP2B (for S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein2B), an F-box protein, negatively regulates cell cycle and lateral root formation as it represses meristematic and founder cell divisions. According to its function, SKP2B is expressed in founder cells, lateral root primordia and the root apical meristem. We identified a novel motif in the SKP2B promoter that is required for its specific root expression and auxin-dependent induction in the pericycle cells. Next to a transcriptional control by auxin, SKP2B expression is regulated by histone H3.1/H3.3 deposition in a CAF-dependent manner. The SKP2B promoter and the 59 end of the transcribed region are enriched in H3.3, which is associated with active chromatin states, over H3.1. Furthermore, the SKP2B promoter is also regulated by H3 acetylation in an auxin-and IAA14-dependent manner, reinforcing the idea that epigenetics represents an important regulatory mechanism during lateral root formation

Dietary Effect on the Proteome of the Common Octopus (Octopus vulgaris) Paralarvae

Nowadays, the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) culture is hampered by massive mortalities occurring during early life-cycle stages (paralarvae). Despite the causes of the high paralarvae mortality are not yet well-defined and understood, the nutritional stress caused by inadequate diets is pointed out as one of the main factors. In this study, the effects of diet on paralarvae is analyzed through a proteomic approach, to search for novel biomarkers of nutritional stress. A total of 43 proteins showing differential expression in the different conditions studied have been identified. The analysis highlights proteins related with the carbohydrate metabolism: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dedydrogenase (GAPDH), triosephosphate isomerase; other ways of energetic metabolism: NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase, arginine kinase; detoxification: glutathione-S-transferase (GST); stress: heat shock proteins (HSP70); structural constituent of eye lens: S-crystallin 3; and cytoskeleton: actin, actin-beta/gamma1, beta actin. These results allow defining characteristic proteomes of paralarvae depending on the diet; as well as the use of several of these proteins as novel biomarkers to evaluate their welfare linked to nutritional stress. Notably, the changes of proteins like S-crystallin 3, arginine kinase and NAD+ specific isocitrate dehydrogenase, may be related to fed vs. starving paralarvae, particularly in the first 4 days of development.En prens

Growth of octopus (Octopus vulgaris) males and females under culture conditions

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Aplicación de diferentes métodos de marcado externo a Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 con referencia especial a las marcas de tipo T y a los discos de Petersen

En este trabajo se presentan datos de persistencia y efectos provocados por una gran variedad de estilos de marcas (loops, marcas de conejos, cinchas, cintas plásticas flexibles, lancetas, discos de Petersen, marcas de tipo T, marcas plásticas circulares, banderillas plásticas rectangulares, soportes de bisutería, pines comerciales y quemaduras con nitrógeno líquido) aplicadas al cefalópodo Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 sometido a condiciones de cultivo. Tras una primera revisión de los resultados obtenidos con los diferentes sistemas de marcado se concluye que los discos de Petersen y las marcas de tipo T son los más aconsejables. Ambos muestran una retención adecuada después de un mes (90 y 80 % respectivamente), una persistencia máxima de tres meses, un coste similar y ambos son detectados externamente con facilidad. Sin embargo, los discos de Petersen producen heridas considerables y requieren un proceso de inserción más laborioso, por lo que, finalmente, el sistema considerado más adecuado fue la inserción de marcas de tipo T en el brazo III izquierdoThis paper presents a study on the persistence and effects caused by a wide variety of types of tag (loops, rabbit tags, girths, flexible plastic bands, small darts, Petersen disks, T-bar anchor tags, circular plastic tags, rectangular plastic flags, jewellery pins, commercial badges, and burning with liquid nitrogen) applied to the cephalopod Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797, under culture conditions. Preliminary analysis of the results obtained with the different tagging systems indicates that Petersen disks and T-bar anchor tags are the most suitable types. Both provide adequate retention after 1 month (90 % and 80 %, respectively), a maximum persistence of three months, a similar cost, and they are easily recognised externally. However, Petersen disks can produce serious injuries, and require a more laborious insertion process. Therefore, in the final analysis, the insertion of T-bar anchor tags in left arm III can be considered the most appropriate systemThis work has been carried out with a grant from the Inter-ministerial Commission for Science and Technology and the Instituto Español de Oceanografía, as part of the CYTMAR 97-0323 projec

Analysis of total arsenic content in purchased rice from Ecuador

Natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to arsenic contamination in water and human food chain in Andean countries. Human exposure to arsenic via rice consumption is of great concern in countries where this crop is the dominant staple food, and limited information is available on the arsenic contamination on rice in Ecuador. This work was to contribute to the lack of knowledge analysing total arsenic by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry in the samples of white, brown and parboiled rice purchased in Ecuadorian markets and produced in the two main rice wetlands in Ecuador, Guayas and Los Ríos, were carried out. For the samples from Guayas, arsenic concentration in white, brown and parboiled rice were 0.174 ± 0.014, 0.232 ± 0.021, and 0.186 ± 0.017 mg/kg respectively, whereas samples of white rice from Los Ríos showed a total arsenic level of 0.258 ± 0.037 mg/kg. This last arsenic concentration exceeds recommended maximum permissible limit by the FAO/WHO. Obtained data have available to estimate the Ecuadorian dietary exposure revealing serious health risk for population.S