Evaluación del Bioinsumo de Fique Pulverizado (Furcraea spp) para el Control in vitro de Phytophthora infestans en papa (Solanum tuberosum L)

The objective of this research was evaluating the antifungal activity of spray-dried Fique (Furcraea spp) for in vitro control of Phytophthora infestans in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L). The optimal drying process variables studied were the entry temperature and air velocity of 140 °C and 60 m/s. The product obtained was amended in an agar medium tomato which was placed in petri containers, inoculated with 1.2 cm in diameter of pathogens discs. The optimum treatment inhibited 100% growth of the pathogen. Also, a reduction of water activity of 37.4% was achieved. This allowed increasing its preservation. The results showed that the technique is highly favorable for the conservation of bio-products of fungal properties

Impacto del sector de servicios petroleros en la economía Colombiana

El sector de servicios petroleros provee los bienes,servicios y sistemas que permiten a las compañíasdel sector petrolero desarrollar las etapas de lacadena productiva, desde la exploración de reservasy construcción de pozos, producción, refinación ydistribución de petróleo y gas. El sector secaracteriza por constituir una fuerza de trabajo ytecnología especializada, que permite a lasoperadoras responder a las necesidades cambiantesde la industria del petróleo, lo cual lo convierte en eleje central de la actividad petrolera. ¿Cuál es,entonces, su impacto sobre la economía colombianay sobre la economía de las regiones bajo suinfluencia?Este estudio caracteriza el sector de serviciospetroleros en Colombia y cuantifica los impactossocioeconómicos generados por la actividad delsector y por sus encadenamientos con otros sectoresde la economía. Para esto, el estudio presenta losresultados de una serie de ejercicios que incluyen elcálculo del impacto del sector en la economíanacional con la ayuda de la matriz de contabilidadsocial elaborada por el DANE y el DNP.Adicionalmente, el estudio identifica y analiza elimpacto y la contribución del sector en el desarrolloregional del país, en especial en sus principales áreasgeográficas de influencia.Servicios petroleros, Generación de empleo, Pequeñas y mediana empresa, Desarrollo regional, Clusters, Industria petrolera

Mesoscale eddy variability in the Caribbean Sea

The spatial distribution, and the monthly and seasonal variability of mesoscale eddy observations derived from the AVISO eddy atlas are assessed in the Caribbean Sea during 1993–2019. The average lifetime for the whole set of eddies is 62 ± 37 days, mean amplitude of 7 ± 4 cm for cyclonic and 7 ± 4 cm for anticyclonic and mean radius of 100 ± 31 km for cyclonic and 108 ± 32 km for anticyclonic. Cyclonic eddies are on average more nonlinear than anticyclonic ones. The spatio-temporal variability in the number of eddy observations is evaluated against the Mean Eddy Kinetic Energy (MEKE) derived from geostrophic currents as well as from seasonal winds. Spatial distribution of eddy observations is correlated with MEKE while the migration of the intertropical convergence zone explains the advection of eddies towards the southern part of the basin.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. JMS received the joint funding from the Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social Fund under Grant APOSTD/2020/254. AO received financial support from projects Mocca and Lamarca (grants # RTI2018-093941-B-C31 and PID2021-123352OB-C31) funded by MCIN/AEI/ and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, and from Fundación Iberostar and Université de Toulon-VAR. MELA is funded by Corporación CE-Marin through Convocatoria 14, 2018 supporting PhD candidates

Definición de indicadores para actividad portuaria, oceanografía, hidrología y geomorfología en zonas portuarias

Los planes de monitoreo para puertos deben integrar continuamente las amenazas naturales a los que están expuestos, con el principal objetivo de minimizar los impactos am bientales que se pueden generar debido a contingencias, así como m onitorear permanentemente los movimientos de carga en el puerto que se constituyen en amenazas para los ecosistemas en casos de eventualidad. Es así como se llega a proponer variables de medición climática y atmosférica con el fin de que se asegure la operación de los puertos, en este sentido se plantearon monitoreos de la actividad portuaria, oceanografía, hidrología y geomorfología de la actividad portuaria

Innovative patterning method for modifying few-layer MoS2 device geometries

When mechanically exfoliated two-dimensional (2D) materials are used for device applications, their properties strongly depend on the geometry and number of layers present in the flake. In general, these properties cannot be modified once a device has been fabricated out of an exfoliated flake. In this work we present a novel nano-patterning method for 2D material based devices, Pulsed eBeam Gas Assisted Patterning (PEBGAP), that allows us to fine tune their geometry once the device fabrication steps have been completed

Hurricane Flood Hazard Assessment for the Archipelago of San Andres, Providencia and Santa Catalina, Colombia

Despite the low occurrence of tropical cyclones at the archipelago of San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina (Colombia), Hurricane Iota in 2020 made evident the area vulnerability to tropical cyclones as major hazards by obliterating 56.4 % of housing, partially destroying the remaining houses in Providencia. We investigated the hurricane storm surge inundation in the archipelago by forcing hydrodynamic models with synthetic tropical cyclones and hypothetical hurricanes. The storm surge from synthetic events allowed identifying the strongest surges using the probability distribution, enabling the generation of hurricane storm surge flood maps for 100 and 500 year return periods. This analysis suggested that the east of San Andres and Providencia are the more likely areas to be flooded from hurricanes storm surges. The hypothetical events were used to force the hydrodynamic model to create worst-case flood scenario maps, useful for contingency and development planning. Additionally, Hurricane Iota flood levels were calculated using 2D and 1D models. The 2D model included storm surge (SS), SS with astronomical tides (AT), and SS with AT and wave setup (WS), resulting in a total flooded area (percentage related to Providencia's total area) of 67.05 ha (3.25 %), 65.23 ha (3.16 %), and 76.68 ha (3.68%), respectively. While Hurricane Iota occurred during low tide, the WS contributed 14.93 % (11.45 ha) of the total flooded area in Providencia. The 1D approximation showed that during the storm peak in the eastern of the island, the contribution of AT, SS, and wave runup to the maximum sea water level was -3.01%, 46.36%, and 56.55 %, respectively. This finding provides evidence of the water level underestimation in insular environments when modeling SS without wave contributions. The maximum SS derived from Iota was 1.25 m at the east of Providencia, which according to this study has an associated return period of 3,234 years. The methodology proposed in this study can be applied to other coastal zones and may include the effect of climate change on hurricane storm surges and sea-level rise. Results from this study are useful for emergency managers, government, coastal communities, and policymakers as civil protection measures

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 in water-acetonitrile mixtures on nanostructured Cu electrode

This communication studies the CO2 reduction reaction in H2O/CH3CN mixtures on nanostructured copper. It was found that the nanostructured copper electrode presents a well-defined voltammogram in acetonitrile, where it can be seen three signals related to adsorbed or surface attached (thin films) species. Also, it was found that the current density of CO2 reduction in mixtures H2O/CH3CN on nanostructured copper electrodes with a mole fraction around 0.25 is higher than those observed with mole fractions lower than 0.15 or higher than 0.35. Finally, nanostructured Cu electrodes show higher catalytic activity towards the CO2 reduction than copper electrode.APSR acknowledges the scholarship “Estudiantes sobresalientes de posgrado” at the “Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)” and COLCIENCIAS National Doctoral Scholarship (567). MFS acknowledges the support of UNAL (Research Project 19030)

Coastal risk mitigation by green infrastructure in Latin America

This paper aims to highlight the prevailing experiences of Latin America and to clarify what ‘green infrastructure’ entails in addition to describing seven case studies from a range of coastal ecosystems (wetlands, coastal dunes, beaches and coral reefs) at scales varying from local to regional. The case studies are categorised according to their degree of naturalness (nature-based, engineered ecosystems, soft engineering, ecologically enhanced hard infrastructure and de-engineering). Generally, the implementation of green infrastructure projects aims to increase resilience, enhance the provision of ecosystem services, recover biodiversity, reduce the negative effects of hard infrastructure and implement corrective measures. The greatest benefits of these projects relate to the creation of multi-functional spaces, which often combine the above advantages with improved opportunities for recreation and/or economic activities. It is hoped that this paper will disseminate the experience in green infrastructure among academics and practitioners and stimulate wider adoption of green infrastructure projects and good practices

Facetas del pensamiento de Nicolás Gómez Dávila

La obra de Nicolás Gómez Dávila (1913-1994), estudiada y traducida en múltiples lugares y lenguas, tiene un lugar privilegiado en la investigación académica no solo por su singular colaboración entre lo filosófico y lo literario, sino porque la distancia del pensador con su tiempo, con su país y con su tradición cultural constata su inscripción en una forma del presente. Una de las posiciones que se toman en este libro va en contra de una imagen construida desde su primera recepción: la de un escritor excepcional, pero radicalmente desconectado de su contexto intelectual y cultural, la de un hombre aislado de los hombres, parapetado en una biblioteca. Por el contrario, su talante reaccionario, como temple de ánimo filosófico, se puede reconocer como posición histórica o política ante el presente, sin que se pretenda carente de arraigo. Facetas del pensamiento de Nicolás Gómez Dávila, más que desarrollar un debate, muestra los múltiples aspectos de la obra de Gómez Dávila y la diversidad de enfoques de aproximación tanto para conocerla por primera vez como para profundizar en su investigación. Este libro, fruto de un seminario prolongado y minucioso en el que participaron estudiosos colombianos y extranjeros, realizado con el apoyo del Instituto Caro y Cuervo, se ofrece como una contribución al estudio del trabajo de Gómez Dávila y, en definitiva, al debate sobre el pensamiento colombiano.Bogot