Pré-requisitos para a formação de paradigmas modernos de gestão em termos de evolução do conhecimento científico

Research on the issues relevant to understanding of the directions scientific knowledge is moving in in economics and management is an important component of the modern science. This knowledge is formed and summarized through scientific paradigms. An enormous impact management has on all types of economic activities determines the management paradigms importance when selecting the most effective way in socioeconomic development. The purpose of the research is to examine the prerequisites for occurrence of such paradigms in terms of scientific knowledge evolution in economics and management. The article proposes the author’s management paradigm definition as scientific category and examines scientific and historical factors behind the formation of the classic management paradigm and reveals an organic link between management paradigms and socioeconomic development ones. In particular, the article analyzes the process of gradual transition from the classic management paradigm to innovation one. The author studies and compares the approaches taken by leading scientists in this field and determined dominating scientific models formed within innovation paradigm. The subject matter of such models studying and crucial modern science categories, i.e. innovation management, knowledge economy, intellectual capital, organizational capital, human capital and a number of other categories.La investigación sobre los temas relevantes para la comprensión de las direcciones en que se está moviendo el conocimiento científico en economía y gestión es un componente importante de la ciencia moderna. Este conocimiento se forma y resume a través de paradigmas científicos. Un enorme impacto que tiene la gestión en todos los tipos de actividades económicas determina la importancia de los paradigmas de gestión a la hora de seleccionar la forma más eficaz de desarrollo socioeconómico. El propósito de la investigación es examinar los requisitos previos para la ocurrencia de tales paradigmas en términos de la evolución del conocimiento científico en economía y gestión. El artículo propone la definición del paradigma de gestión del autor como categoría científica y examina los factores científicos e históricos detrás de la formación del paradigma de gestión clásico y revela un vínculo orgánico entre los paradigmas de gestión y los de desarrollo socioeconómico. En particular, el artículo analiza el proceso de transición gradual del paradigma de gestión clásico a uno innovador. El autor estudia y compara los enfoques adoptados por los principales científicos en este campo y determina los modelos científicos dominantes que se forman dentro del paradigma de la innovación. El tema de tales modelos es el estudio y las categorías cruciales de ciencia moderna, es decir, la gestión de la innovación, la economía del conocimiento, el capital intelectual, el capital organizacional, el capital humano y una serie de otras categorías.A pesquisa sobre as questões relevantes para a compreensão das direções em que o conhecimento científico está se movendo na economia e no gerenciamento é um componente importante da ciência moderna. Esse conhecimento é formado e resumido através de paradigmas científicos. Um enorme impacto na gestão de todos os tipos de atividades econômicas determina a importância dos paradigmas gerenciais ao selecionar a maneira mais eficaz de desenvolvimento socioeconômico. O objetivo da pesquisa é examinar os pré-requisitos para a ocorrência de tais paradigmas em termos de evolução do conhecimento científico em economia e gestão. O artigo propõe a definição de paradigma gerencial do autor como categoria científica e examina os fatores científicos e históricos por trás da formação do paradigma clássico de gestão e revela um elo orgânico entre paradigmas de gestão e desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Em particular, o artigo analisa o processo de transição gradual do paradigma clássico de gestão para a inovação. O autor estuda e compara as abordagens tomadas pelos principais cientistas neste campo e determinou modelos científicos dominantes formados dentro do paradigma da inovação. O tema de tais modelos estudando e categorias cruciais da ciência moderna, ou seja, gestão da inovação, economia do conhecimento, capital intelectual, capital organizacional, capital humano e uma série de outras categorias

Colorectal neoplastic emergencies in immunocompromised patients: preliminary result from the Web-based International Register of Emergency Surgery and Trauma (WIRES-T trial)

Association of advanced age, neoplastic disease and immunocompromission (IC) may lead to surgical emergencies. Few data exist about this topic. Present study reports the preliminary data from the WIRES-T trial about patients managed for colorectal neoplastic emergencies in immunocompromised patients. The required data were taken from a prospective observational international register. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee with approval n. 17575; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03643718. 839 patients were collected; 753 (80.7%) with mild-moderate IC and 86 (10.3%) with severe. Median age was 71.9 years and 73 years, respectively, in the two groups. The causes of mild-moderate IC were reported such malignancy (753-100%), diabetes (103-13.7%), malnutrition (26-3.5%) and uremia (1-0.1%), while severe IC causes were steroids treatment (14-16.3%); neutropenia (7-8.1%), malignancy on chemotherapy (71-82.6%). Preoperative risk classification were reported as follow: mild-moderate: ASA 1-14 (1.9%); ASA 2-202 (26.8%); ASA 3-341 (45.3%); ASA 4-84 (11.2%); ASA 5-7 (0.9%); severe group: ASA 1-1 patient (1.2%); ASA 2-16 patients (18.6%); ASA 3-41 patients (47.7%); ASA 4-19 patients (22.1%); ASA 5-3 patients (3.5%); lastly, ASA score was unavailable for 105 cases (13.9%) in mild-moderate group and in 6 cases (6.9%) in severe group. All the patients enrolled underwent urgent/emergency surgery Damage control approach with open abdomen was adopted in 18 patients. Mortality was 5.1% and 12.8%, respectively, in mild-moderate and severe groups. Long-term survival data: in mild-moderate disease-free survival (median, IQR) is 28 (10-91) and in severe IC, it is 21 (10-94). Overall survival (median, IQR) is 44 (18-99) and 26 (20-90) in mild-moderate and severe, respectively; the same is for post-progression survival (median, IQR) 29 (16-81) and 28, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed as the only factor influencing mortality in mild-moderate and severe IC is the ASA score. Colorectal neoplastic emergencies in immunocompromised patients are more frequent in elderly. Sigmoid and right colon are the most involved. Emergency surgery is at higher risk of complication and mortality; however, management in dedicated emergency surgery units is necessary to reduce disease burden and to optimize results by combining oncological and acute care principles. This approach may improve outcomes to obtain clinical advantages for patients like those observed in elective scenario. Lastly, damage control approach seems feasible and safe in selected patients

The Forest Observation System, building a global reference dataset for remote sensing of forest biomass

International audienceForest biomass is an essential indicator for monitoring the Earth's ecosystems and climate. It is a critical input to greenhouse gas accounting, estimation of carbon losses and forest degradation, assessment of renewable energy potential, and for developing climate change mitigation policies such as REDD+, among others. Wall-to-wall mapping of aboveground biomass (aGB) is now possible with satellite remote sensing (RS). However, RS methods require extant, up-to-date, reliable, representative and comparable in situ data for calibration and validation. Here, we present the Forest Observation System (FOS) initiative, an international cooperation to establish and maintain a global in situ forest biomass database. aGB and canopy height estimates with their associated uncertainties are derived at a 0.25 ha scale from field measurements made in permanent research plots across the world's forests. all plot estimates are geolocated and have a size that allows for direct comparison with many RS measurements. The FOS offers the potential to improve the accuracy of RS-based biomass products while developing new synergies between the RS and ground-based ecosystem research communities

Regulation of traffic flows by railway stations with a change in the number of main tracks on the hauls

The theory of traffic flows suggests the possibility of using the analogy of handling transport units with hydraulic and other streaming processes. Railway stations, by analogy with HPPs, can be considered as compensation tanks, which ensure smoothing of fluctuations of the flows of transport units. The number of main tracks on the hauls affects the intensity and other parameters of traffic flows, which should be taken into account in calculating the track development of stations. The use of analogies with hydraulic flows allows proposing new methods for calculating the required capacity of compensating accumulators, i.e. track development of stations. In this regard, it is urgent to develop methods for correcting the calculation of the track development of stations in conditions of a change in the number of main tracks on the hauls. The purpose of the study was to develop a method for estimating the load at a station and the magnitude of the corresponding track development in conditions of a change in the number of main tracks on the hauls. The methods of simulation modeling and mathematical statistics are used. The result of the study will be a method for correcting the calculation of the track development of technical railway stations with a change in the number of main tracks on the hauls, as well as recommendations for estimating the stability of train traffic passing

Improving functional and environmental performance of Portland cement-based materials by graphene nanostructures

Nanoparticles can accelerate cement hydration due to their high activity compacting microstructure, and consequently increase the strength. For the industrial production of concrete modified with nanoscale particles, it is necessary to develop an environmentally friendly and cheap technology for the industrial production of nanoparticles. The article presents the results of increasing the operational characteristics of concrete by adding graphene nanostructures obtained by liquid-phase shear exfoliation of graphite. This environmentally friendly technology requires energy costs, at least ten times less than technologies that use ultrasonic treatment of the suspension. Our industrial partner set a specific task: to find the minimum concentration of graphene structures in relation to cement, at which the compressive strength of cement-sand mix increases by 30%. It was experimentally established that at concentrations of graphene nanostructures with respect to cement not more than 0.02%, the compressive strength increases by at least 30%

Improving functional and environmental performance of Portland cement-based materials by graphene nanostructures

Nanoparticles can accelerate cement hydration due to their high activity compacting microstructure, and consequently increase the strength. For the industrial production of concrete modified with nanoscale particles, it is necessary to develop an environmentally friendly and cheap technology for the industrial production of nanoparticles. The article presents the results of increasing the operational characteristics of concrete by adding graphene nanostructures obtained by liquid-phase shear exfoliation of graphite. This environmentally friendly technology requires energy costs, at least ten times less than technologies that use ultrasonic treatment of the suspension. Our industrial partner set a specific task: to find the minimum concentration of graphene structures in relation to cement, at which the compressive strength of cement-sand mix increases by 30%. It was experimentally established that at concentrations of graphene nanostructures with respect to cement not more than 0.02%, the compressive strength increases by at least 30%

Kinetics of liquid-phase shear exfoliation of graphite in synthetic oils

Lubricants modified with nanosized particles are of great interest to science and industry, since they have much better tribological characteristics compared to traditional lubricants. One of the most promising nanoparticles is graphene, which has an extremely low coefficient of friction, is very wear-resistant and environmentally friendly. Today, the main problem for the development of a new nano-lubricant is the creation of an environmentally friendly and cheap technology for the industrial production of graphene suspensions or graphene concentrates for the modification of traditional lubricants. The article describes the process of liquid-phase shear exfoliation of graphite in a rotary apparatus with moving blades, in synthetic oils. The kinetic dependences of the exfoliation process, i.e. the dependence of the concentration of graphene nanostructures in suspension over time at different values of the process parameters. It has been experimentally proved that using a stator-rotor mixer with moving blades, it is possible to obtain graphene nanostructure concentrations of at least 2 mg / ml

Kinetics of liquid-phase shear exfoliation of graphite in synthetic oils

Lubricants modified with nanosized particles are of great interest to science and industry, since they have much better tribological characteristics compared to traditional lubricants. One of the most promising nanoparticles is graphene, which has an extremely low coefficient of friction, is very wear-resistant and environmentally friendly. Today, the main problem for the development of a new nano-lubricant is the creation of an environmentally friendly and cheap technology for the industrial production of graphene suspensions or graphene concentrates for the modification of traditional lubricants. The article describes the process of liquid-phase shear exfoliation of graphite in a rotary apparatus with moving blades, in synthetic oils. The kinetic dependences of the exfoliation process, i.e. the dependence of the concentration of graphene nanostructures in suspension over time at different values of the process parameters. It has been experimentally proved that using a stator-rotor mixer with moving blades, it is possible to obtain graphene nanostructure concentrations of at least 2 mg / ml

Requisitos previos para la formación de paradigmas de gestión modernos en términos de evolución del conocimiento científico.

La investigación sobre los temas relevantes para la comprensión de las direcciones en que se está moviendo el conocimiento científico en economía y gestión es un componente importante de la ciencia moderna. Este conocimiento se forma y resume a través de paradigmas científicos. El enorme impacto que tiene la gestión en todo tipo de actividades económicas determina la importancia de los paradigmas de gestión al seleccionar la forma más efectiva en el desarrollo socioeconómico. El propósito de la investigación es examinar los requisitos previos para la aparición de tales paradigmas en términos de evolución del conocimiento científico en economía y gestión. El artículo propone la definición del paradigma de gestión del autor como categoría científica y examina los factores científicos e históricos detrás de la formación del paradigma de gestión clásico y revela un vínculo orgánico entre los paradigmas de gestión y los de desarrollo socioeconómico. En particular, el artículo analiza el proceso de transición gradual del paradigma clásico de gestión al innovador. El autor estudia y compara los enfoques adoptados por los principales científicos en este campo y determina los modelos científicos dominantes formados dentro del paradigma de la innovación. El tema de estudio de tales modelos y categorías cruciales de la ciencia moderna, es decir, gestión de la innovación, economía del conocimiento, capital intelectual, capital organizacional, capital humano y una serie de otras categorías

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTRONIC EDUCATIONAL PUBLICATION USAGE IN THE LEARNING PROCESS OF OPERATORS OF ROBOTIC COMPLEXES

The article considers materials concerning the methodology of scientific and educational experiments aimed at investigation of effectiveness of distance learning for operators of robotic complexes using electronic educational publications. The results of social progress are now concentrated mainly in the informational sphere and the creation of mass continuous self-learning systems is becoming popular. In addition, there is necessary to search for effective methods of such training, on the one hand, and to eliminate harmful techniques, on the other. The article presents the provisions concerning the basis of scientific and educational experiment on assessing the effectiveness of application of electronic educational publication. It is shown that the evaluation of distance learning effectiveness is based on statistical processing of the test results of the students involved in the experiment using nonparametric methods by means of the two-sample Wilcoxon rank sum test. There are concluded conditions in which it is advisable and effective or undesirable to use distance learning using electronic educational publications