Uranium Dioxide Nanoparticulated Materials

Nanostructured actinide materials have gained the attention of the nuclear community after the discovery of enhanced properties in fuels that undergo high burn up. On these conditions, the UO2 grains experimented recrystallization and formed a new rim of UO2 nanoparticles, called high burn up structures (HBS). The pellets with HBS showed closed porosity with better fission gas retention and radiation tolerance, ameliorated mechanical properties, and less detriment of the thermal conductivity upon use. In this chapter, we will review different ways to obtain uranium nanoparticles, with emphasis on their synthesis and characterization. On the one hand, we will comment on radiation chemical syntheses, organic precursor-assisted syntheses, denitration processes, and biologically mediated syntheses. On the other hand, we will include for each of them a reference to the appropriate tools of the materials science that are used to fully characterize physical and chemical properties of these actinide nanoparticles

PERCUTANEOUS ETHANOL INJECTION IN BENIGN NONTOXIC MULTINODULAR GOITER

Introduction: Benign non-toxic multinodular goiter is one of the most common endocrine diseases that affect the current population, and it is, in turn, the endocrine disease that most frequently requires surgical intervention. Objective: To show the results of percutaneous ethanol injection in the treatment of patients with benign non-toxic multinodular goiter in the short and medium term. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in patients with benign nontoxic multinodular goiter treated with percutaneous ethanol injection. The categorical variables were described by absolute frequencies and percentages, and for the numerical variables the mean, standard deviation, as well as the minimum and maximum values were calculated. To evaluate the changes between the initial and final volumes of the nodules, the Student's t-test for related samples was used. Results: The mean percentage reduction in the volume of the nodules was 48.23 ± 9.55; 58.05 ± 11.79 and 69.49 ± 13.11; a month, 3 months and 6 months after the treatment, respectively. Clinical success was complete in 67.3%, 75.5%, and 87.8% of the patients, at 1, 3, and 6 months of post-treatment follow-up, respectively. There were no complications. Conclusions: Percutaneous ethanol injection is an alternative to surgery for the treatment of patients with benign non-toxic multinodular goiter, it is safe, effective, with transient adverse effects and very rare complications in the short and medium term.RESUMENIntroducción: El bocio multinodular no tóxico benigno es una de las enfermedadesendocrinas más comunes que afectan a la población actual, y es a su vez la enfermedadendocrina que con mayor frecuencia requiere intervención quirúrgica.Objetivo: Mostrar los resultados de la inyección percutánea de etanol en el tratamiento depacientes con bocio multinodular no tóxico benigno a corto y mediano plazo.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, prospectivo, en pacientes con bociomultinodular no tóxico benigno, tratados con inyección percutánea de etanol. Las variablescategóricas se describieron por frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes y para las numéricas secalculó la media, la desviación estándar, así como el valor mínimo y el máximo. Paraevaluar los cambios entre los volúmenes inicial y final de los nódulos se utilizó la prueba t deStudent para muestras relacionadas.Resultados: La media del porciento de reducción del volumen de los nódulos fue de 48,23 ±9,55; 58,05 ± 11,79 y 69,49 ± 13,11; al mes, 3 meses y 6 meses de realizado el tratamientorespectivamente. El éxito clínico fue completo en el 67,3 %, 75,5 % y el 87,8 % de lospacientes, al mes, 3 meses y 6 meses de seguimiento post tratamiento respectivamente. Nose presentaron complicaciones.Conclusiones: La inyección percutánea de etanol es una alternativa a la cirugía para el tratamiento de los pacientes con bocio multinodular no tóxico benigno, es segura, efectiva, con efectos adversos transitorios y complicaciones muy poco frecuentes a corto y mediano plazo.Introdução: O bócio multinodular benigno não tóxico é uma das doenças endócrinas mais comuns que afetam a população atual, sendo, por sua vez, a doença endócrina que mais frequentemente requer intervenção cirúrgica. Objetivo: Mostrar os resultados da injeção percutânea de etanol no tratamento de pacientes com bócio multinodular benigno não tóxico a curto e médio prazo. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal prospectivo em pacientes com bócio multinodular benigno não tóxico tratados com injeção percutânea de etanol. As variáveis ​​categóricas foram descritas por frequências absolutas e percentuais, e para as variáveis ​​numéricas foram calculados a média, desvio padrão, bem como os valores mínimo e máximo. Para avaliar as mudanças entre os volumes inicial e final dos nódulos, foi utilizado o teste t de Student para amostras relacionadas. Resultados: A redução percentual média no volume dos nódulos foi de 48,23 ± 9,55; 58,05 ± 11,79 e 69,49 ± 13,11; um mês, 3 meses e 6 meses após o tratamento, respectivamente. O sucesso clínico foi completo em 67,3%, 75,5% e 87,8% dos pacientes, em 1, 3 e 6 meses de acompanhamento pós-tratamento, respectivamente. Não houve complicações. Conclusões: A injeção percutânea de etanol é uma alternativa à cirurgia para o tratamento de pacientes com bócio multinodular benigno não tóxico, é segura, eficaz, com efeitos adversos transitórios e complicações muito raras a curto e médio prazo

Hepatic abscess secondary to an unusual foreign body

Introduction: Liver abscess is a frequent cause of intra-abdominal infection, characterized by an encapsulated suppurative collection within the liver parenchyma, generally caused by pyogenic or amoebic agents. Those caused by foreign bodies are rare. Objective: To describe the clinical-surgical findings of a patient with liver abscess secondary to an unusual foreign body. Case: A 38-year-old male patient, inmate, who attended the general surgery clinic of the guardhouse, presenting with abdominal pain and fever. He refers that approximately 6 months ago he had ingested 3 foreign bodies. Conclusions: The ingestion of punctiform foreign bodies can trigger liver abscess, manifested with clinical characteristics typical of this disease, hence the importance of investigating the history to define the behavior, since in this case it differs from the rest; It's always surgical

Mycobacterium tuberculosis acquires limited genetic diversity in prolonged infections, reactivations and transmissions involving multiple hosts

Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Herranz, Pole, Ozere, Chiner-Oms, Martínez-Lirola, Pérez-García, Gijón, Serrano, Romero, Cuevas, Comas, Bouza, Pérez-Lago and García-de-Viedma.Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has limited ability to acquire variability. Analysis of its microevolution might help us to evaluate the pathways followed to acquire greater infective success. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the analysis of the transmission of MTB has elucidated the magnitude of variability in MTB. Analysis of transmission currently depends on the identification of clusters, according to the threshold of variability (<5 SNPs) between isolates. Objective: We evaluated whether the acquisition of variability in MTB, was more frequent in situations which could favor it, namely intrapatient, prolonged infections or reactivations and interpatient transmissions involving multiple sequential hosts. Methods: We used WGS to analyze the accumulation of variability in sequential isolates from prolonged infections or translations from latency to reactivation. We then measured microevolution in transmission clusters with prolonged transmission time, high number of involved cases, simultaneous involvement of latency and active transmission. Results: Intrapatient and interpatient acquisition of variability was limited, within the ranges expected according to the thresholds of variability proposed, even though bursts of variability were observed. Conclusions: The thresholds of variability proposed for MTB seem to be valid in most circumstances, including those theoretically favoring acquisition of variability. Our data point to multifactorial modulation of microevolution, although further studies are necessary to elucidate the factors underlying this modulation.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Insights on Male Infertility in Octopus maya Under Chronic Thermal Stress

Octopus maya endemic to the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, is an ectotherm organism particularly temperature-sensitive. Studies in O. maya females show that temperatures above 27°C reduce the number of eggs per spawn, fertilization rate and the viability of embryos. High temperatures also reduce the male reproductive performance and success. However, the molecular mechanisms are still unknown. The transcriptomic profiles of testes from thermally stressed (30°C) and not stressed (24°C) adult male octopuses were compared, before and after mating to understand the molecular bases involved in the low reproductive performance at high temperature. The testis paired-end cDNA libraries were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Then, the transcriptome was assembled de novo using Trinity software. A total of 53,214,611 high-quality paired reads were used to reconstruct 85,249 transcripts and 77,661 unigenes with an N50 of 889 bp length. Later, 13,154 transcripts were annotated implementing Blastx searches in the UniProt database. Differential expression analysis revealed 1,881 transcripts with significant difference among treatments. Functional annotation and pathway mapping of differential expressed transcripts revealed significant enrichment for biological processes involved in spermatogenesis, gamete generation, germ cell development, spermatid development and differentiation, response to stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis. Remarkably, the transcripts encoding genes such as ZMYND15, KLHL10, TDRD1, TSSK2 and DNAJB13, which are linked to male infertility in other species, were differentially expressed among the treatments. The expression levels of these key genes, involved in sperm motility and spermatogenesis were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The results suggest that the reduction in male fertility at high temperature can be related to alterations in spermatozoa development and motility

PESQUISA DE ANTICORPOS CONTRA Cysticercus bovis, POR TESTE ELISA EM BOVINOS DE ABATEDOURO

Com o objetivo de padronizar e avaliar a campo um teste sorológico para diagnóstico de cisticercose em bovinos foram examinados 812 animais procedentes de 139 municípios do Estado do Paraná, a maioria bovinos azebuados, machos e fêmeas, de grupo etário variando de 18 meses a 60 meses. Os animais foram devidamente identificados e abatidos em frigorífico comercial na região metropolitana de Curitiba. Dos animais que apresentaram cistos durante a Inspeção post-mortem foi colhida amostra de sangue, as quais foram submetidas ao teste ELISA para pesquisa de anticorpos contra-Cysticercus bovis. O coeficiente de sensibilidade para o teste ELISA foi de 83,6% e o Coeficiente de Especificidade foi de 92,8%.  Portanto, o teste sorológico (ELISA) foi mais sensível do que o exame póst-mortem, pois este deixou de detectar 06 carcaças com infecção leve por cisticercose (VPP 99,7% - ELISA).In order to standardize a serological test for diagnosing cysticercosis in bovine cattle, 812 animals have been tested, most of them halfblooded zebu cattle, males and females, from age groups ranging from 18 months to 60 months. The animals were properly identified and slaughtered in a slaughterhouse - Frigorífico Argus Ltd., SIF 1710, located in São José dos Pinhais, in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba – PR- Brazil. The animals had come from 139 municipalities in the State of Parana. From the animals that presented cysts during the post-mortem inspection, blood samples were also collected and submitted to the ELISA test for antibodies against cysticercosis. The Sensitivity Coefficient in the ELISA test was 83.62%, and the Specificity Coefficient was 92.85%. Therefore, the ELISA test proved to be more sensitive than the post-mortem examination, because the latter failed to detect 06 carcasses with mild infection with cysticercosis PPV 99.71% (ELISA)

Emociones políticas y virtudes epidémicas en el siglo XVIII

El proyecto se propone abrir nuevas vías en la enseñanza de las Humanidades en la UCM mediante la práctica de una historia de las ideas del siglo XVIII que atiende a los condicionantes materiales de la cultura y a la valoración de las emociones como índices de construcción de imágenes de lo privado y lo público. El proyecto pretende, por un lado, explorar los mecanismos materiales de producción de ideas y creencias compartidas por la sociedad del siglo XVIII, teniendo en cuenta los diferentes contextos de la Ilustración Francesa, Alemana, Judía y Escocesa, con especial atención a la formación de metáforas políticas y a las emociones estéticamente más aceptadas y difundidas en la época analizada. La otra dimensión estudiada por el proyecto se refiere a los procesos de configuración de lo público y la crítica intelectual del poder, tomando como instrumento de análisis la comunicación de ideas materializada en la correspondencia, en la prensa, en los libros y en el proyecto de la Enciclopedia. Este programa de trabajo tendrá como principal destinatario el alumnado de Grado, Máster y Doctorado de la UCM, al que se invitará a las sesiones de trabajo del equipo, especialmente al matriculado en las asignaturas impartidas durante el curso 2016/17 por la IP. El proyecto reúne a destacados especialistas de la UCM y de otras universidades madrileñas y españolas, además de contar entre sus miembros con estudiantes de doctorado, que propiciarán la difusión de las actividades entre los estudiantes UCM, y con personal de administración y servicios, a los que se asignarán tareas relacionadas con la difusión y transferencia de los resultados del proyecto, a la sociedad, a la comunidad universitaria UCM y a los estudiantes Erasmus que reciba en el curso 2016/17 la Facultad de Filosofía de la UCM

Informe de la Campaña 2020/21 en el Centro Sur de Santa Fe

La campaña ha presentado una altísima heterogeneidad de rendimientos, no fue infrecuente encontrar más de 1200 kg/ha de diferencia entre lotes contiguos en donde se habían hecho planteos tecnológicos muy similares. Estos registros, ponen en evidencia que la planificación a largo plazo de las tecnologías de procesos (rotación de cultivos, prácticas que favorezcan la mejora en los balances de agua, fechas de siembra, etc.) permite disminuir el impacto negativo de un período de déficit hídrico prolongado e inusual como el que acaeció en esta campaña.EEA OliverosFil: Enrico, Juan Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros; ArgentinaFil: Bacigaluppo, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros; ArgentinaFil: Vita Larrieu, Eduardo Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros. Agencia de Extensión Rural Máximo Paz; ArgentinaFil: Palu, Estefania Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros. Agencia de Extensión Rural Máximo Paz; ArgentinaFil: Boero, Leandro Ruben. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Agencia de Extensión Rural Galvez; ArgentinaFil: Calcha, Jose Alfredo Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Agencia de Extensión Rural Galvez; ArgentinaFil: Tamagnone, M. Actividad privada; ArgentinaFil: Mendez, Jose Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros. Agencia de Extensión Rural Totoras; ArgentinaFil: Prieto, Gabriel Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros. Agencia de Extensión Rural Arroyo Seco; ArgentinaFil: Gentili, Oscar Alfredo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros. Agencia de Extensión Rural Casilda; ArgentinaFil: Pagani, Ricardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros. Agencia de Extensión Rural Las Rosas; ArgentinaFil: Lago, Maria Elena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros; Argentin

ECAMulticapa: Effectiveness of double-layered compression therapy for healing venous ulcers in primary care: a Study Protocol

Background: Chronic venous insufficiency, in its final stage can cause venous ulcers. Venous ulcers have a prevalence of 0.5 % to 0.8 % in the general population, and increases starting at 60 years of age. This condition often causes increased dependency in affected individuals, as well as a perceived reduced quality of life and family overload. Local Treating chronic venous ulcers has 2 components: topically healing the ulcer and controlling the venous insufficiency. There is evidence that compressive therapy favours the healing process of venous ulcers. The studies we have found suggest that the use of multilayer bandage systems is more effective than the use of bandages with a single component, these are mostly using in Spain. Multilayer compression bandages with 2 layers are equally effective in the healing process of chronic venous ulcers as 4-layer bandages and are better tolerated and preferenced by patients. More studies are needed to specifically compare the 2-layer bandages systems in the settings where these patients are usually treated. Method/design: Randomised, controlled, parallel, multicentre clinical trial, with 12 weeks of follow-up and blind evaluation of the response variable. The objective is to assess the efficacy of multilayer compression bandages (2 layers) compared with crepe bandages, based on the incidence of healed venous ulcers in individuals treated in primary care nursing consultations, at 12 weeks of follow-up. The study will include 216 individuals (108 per branch) with venous ulcers treated in primary care nursing consultations. The primary endpoint is complete healing at 12 weeks of follow-up. The secondary endpoints are the degree of healing (Resvech.2), quality of life (CCVUQ-e), adverse reactions related to the healing process. Prognosis and demographic variables are also recorder. Effectiveness analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves, a log-rank test and a Cox regression analysis. The analysis was performed by intention to treat. Discussion: The study results can contribute to improving the care and quality of life of patients with venous ulcers, decreasing healing times and healthcare expenditure and contributing to the consistent treatment of these lesions. Trial registration: This study has been recorded in the Clinical Trials.gov site with the code NCT02364921. 17 February 2015.This study was funded by PN of I + D + I 2013–2016 and the ISCIII – Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación and FEDER funds (PI13/01975). Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad