Cine árabe: tensiones y reverberaciones

El artículo presenta un balance de la producción histórica cinematográfica en el mundo árabe, desde el «paradigma clásico» del quehacer cinematográfico hasta el documental árabe más ambicioso realizado, Tahrir 2011, en el que se presenta la revolución egipcia. En la primera parte se destaca el papel de Egipto —durante décadas referente en la producción cinematográfica—; y, en la segunda parte, la aparición del denominado nuevo cine árabe, tanto en el Magreb como en Oriente Medio. Igualmente se analiza el universo del documental y de la no ficción, como espacio ineludible para comprender este «cine nuevo», explorando los factores que enmarcan las renovaciones temáticas y formales, así como los cambios ocurridos en la última década en los contextos de producción y de visibilidad del cine árabe.The article presents an assessment of historical film production in the Arab world, from the «classical paradigm» of cinematographic activity to the most ambitious Arab documentary carried out, Tahrir 2011, in which the Egyptian revolution is analysed. The first part stresses the role played by Egypt through the decades regarding film production, and the second one deals with the emergence of the so-called new Arab cinema, both in the Maghreb and the Middle East. Likewise, the documentary and non-fiction universe are analysed as an unavoidable field in order to understand this «new cinema», exploring the factors which contain thematic and formal revamp, as well as the changes which have occurred in the last decade regarding the production and visibility of Arab cinema

La construcción científica del Mediterráneo: Las expediciones francesas a Egipto, Morea y Argelia

En el siglo XIX tres expediciones científicas auspiciadas por Francia tuvieron como escenario el Mediterráneo: las expediciones a Egipto, Morea y Argelia. Mediante una exposición de las líneas generales de desarrollo de los tres proyectos expedicionarios, este trabajo pretende aportar algunas reflexiones en torno al contexto político-científico que otorga a cada una de ellas unos caracteres diferenciadores. Así se analizan las formas de reclutamiento de los cuerpos expedicionarios, las agendas y dispositivos científicos de cada expedición en relación con los intereses geoestratégicos y coloniales franceses y algunos de los resultados científicos más significativos

Body composition and sexual hormones for the glucose control of autoimmune diabetes in males: are they necessary to predict diabetes-related complications?

BackgroundGlucose control in diabetes is essential for avoiding diabetes-related complications.AimTo determine the impact of body composition and sexual hormones in glucose control and diabetes-related complications, in males with autoimmune diabetes.Patients and methodsThirty-nine patients with autoimmune diabetes and flash glucose monitoring were included. A morphofunctional nutritional evaluation with bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), abdominal adipose tissue ultrasound, rectus femoris ultrasound and biochemical parameters, was performedResultsStrong, positive correlations were observed between body composition parameters, biochemical variables and sexual hormones (p<0.05). Adipose tissue measured by BIVA and ultrasound was more significantly associated with glucose control (including time in range >70%, glucose variability <36% determined by flash glucose monitoring; p<0.05) and the presence of microvascular/macrovascular complications (p<0.05) than lean mass. After adjusting by the duration of diabetes, BMI, abdominal circumference, fat mass and phase angle increased the risk for microvascular complications (OR 1.32(1.00 – 1.73), OR 1.06(1.00 – 1.12), OR 1.14(1.01 – 1.20), 0R 0.3(0.10 – 0.91) respectively; for macrovascular complications: BMI OR 1.38(1.04 – 1.84) and fat mass OR 1.26(1.00 – 1.58)]. Sexual hormone levels did not influence on glucose control or the development of diabetes-related complications.ConclusionAnthrpometric parameters, especially adipose tissue, were associated with glucose control and variability determined by flash glucose monitoring. Furthermore, changes in fat and lean mass were associated with the presence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Thus, a comprehensive nutritional evaluation might be useful for the evaluation of males with autoimmune diabetes, in order to identify patients with increased risk of complications

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Realismo, documental y educación ciudadana en España

The article discusses the place of documentary film and cinematic realism within the discourses about cinema as an educator of citizens, arising in Spain since the early decades of the twentieth century until the late fifties. It aims to study the debates about the need for a cinema that represents the reality of the country in relation to the social and political changes and international contemporary film practices

Una experiencia modernizadora en la periferia: las reformas del Egipto de Muhammad Ali ( 1805-1848)

Tras el fracaso colonial y civilizador de la Expedición de Egipto (1798-1801) liderada por Bonaparte, se inaugura un nuevo período histórico para el Valle del Nilo. Su nuevo gobernador, Muhammad Alí, emprende una serie de reformas que combinan estrategias tradicionales de centralización del poder con la importación de modelos europeos para la creación de nuevas estructuras militares, educativas, agrícolas e industriales. Este artículo pretende presentar un sucinto fresco de las políticas que caracterizaron el Egipto de la primera mitad del siglo XIX como un interesante caso de incipiente modernización en la periferia cuya comprobación con otros procesos similares puede resultar iluminador.After the colonial and civilixing failure of the French occupation of Egypt (1798-1801), it begu a new historical period for the Nile Valley. Its new governor, Mahummad Ali, undertook a whole series of reforms which combined traditional strategies of power centralization with european imported models for the creation of new military, educational, agricultural and industrial structures. This article aims to present a brief fresco from the main egyptian policies during the first half of nineteenth-century as an interesting case of earlu modernization in periphery whose study can throw light on the other similar processes