Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and its cytotoxic effects

Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and its cytotoxic effectsDental caries is a pathology of multifactorial origin and currently natural products are an efficientalternative treatment. The work sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the three substances(Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and the citral and myrcene components) against Streptococcus mutans ATCCUA159, as well as their cytotoxicity on keratinocytes and human fibroblasts. Through Scanning electron microscopy,the typical morphology of S. mutans was observed and, a characteristic formation of polysaccharides, withmore structured arrangement at 48 h. The bacterial viability effect against S. mutans on biofilms was evaluatedthrough exposure to the three substances by using the MBEC technique-high-throughput at concentrations of 1,0.1, and 0.01 μg/mL and chlorhexidine as positive control. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated onkeratinocytes and fibroblasts through the MTT reduction technique, using 0.5 mM H2O2 as cell-death control(negative control) and ethanol 1 % as vehicle control (positive control). The three substances evaluated hadeffects on the bacterial viability of S. mutans with mortality between 74 and 96 %, without significant differenceamong them (P > 0.393); additionally, no cytotoxicity was evident on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a 24h treatment. The substances evaluated showed significant antimicrobial effects; hence, these should be studiedfurther as potential co-adjuvants to prevent dental caries that cause minor adverse effects.Fil: Ortega Cuadros, Mailen. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Tofiño Rivera, Adriana Patricia. Universidad de Santander; Colombia. Centro de Investigación Motilonia de AGROSAVIA; ColombiaFil: Merini, Luciano Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional La Pampa-San Luis. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Pabón, María Cecilia. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombi

Long-Term Cardiac Safety and Survival Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin in Elderly Patients or Prone to Cardiotoxicity and Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Final Results of the Multicentre Phase II CAPRICE Study

Background: The CAPRICE trial was designed to specifically evaluate neoadjuvant pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in elderly patients or in those with other cardiovascular risk factors in whom conventional doxorubicin was contraindicated. The primary analysis of the study showed a pathological complete response (pCR) of 32% and no significant decreases in LVEF during chemotherapy. Here, we report important secondary study objectives: 5-year cardiac safety, disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS). Methods: In this multicentre, single-arm, phase II trial, elderly patients or those prone to cardiotoxicity and high risk stage II-IIIB breast cancer received PLD (35 mg/m2) plus cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) every 4 weeks for 4 cycles, followed by paclitaxel for 12 weeks as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) monitorization, electrocardiograms and cardiac questionnaires were performed at baseline, during treatment and at 9, 16, 28 and 40 weeks thereafter. The primary endpoint was pCR and 5-year cardiac safety, DFS, BCSS and OS were also analyzed. Results: Between Oct 2007, and Jun 2010, 50 eligible patients were included. Median age was 73 (35-84) years, 84% were older than 65; 64% of patients suffered from hypertension, and 10% had prior cardiac disease. Most of tumors (88%) were triple negative. No significant decreases in LVEF were observed. The mean baseline LVEF was 66.6% (52-86) and after a median follow-up of 5 years, mean LVEF was 66 (54.5-73). For intention to treat population, 5-year DFS was 50% (95% CI 40.2-68.1) and 5-year OS was 56% (95%CI 41.2-68.4). There were 8 non-cancer related deaths, achieving a 5 years BCSS of 67.74% (CI 95%:54.31%- 81.18%). Conclusion: At 5-year follow-up, this PLD-based NAC regimen continued to be cardiac-safe and effective in a population of very high-risk breast cancer patients. This scheme should be considered as an option in elderly patients or in those with other risks of developing cardiotoxicity

CBT system (Computer Based Training) of the Aircraft a-37b, used in the earth course of the combat air command No. 3 (CAMCOM-3) of the Colombian Air Force (FAC)

This article shows the implementation of an integrated and updated education system in the Combat Air Command No.3 as a school of the A-37B team, to give theoretical and virtual practice instruction optimizing strategic processes, increasing productivity, reducing operational and administrative costs in order to promote the commitment and development of human capital to crewmembers of the A-37B team; At the same time, promote technological development and innovation in the personnel that make up the Unit. In this work, the importance of the use of ICT in the educational field and the great contribution it presents in the Colombian Armed Forces is made known

Latin America Climate-Smart Villages AR4D sites: 2019 Inventory

Inventory of CSA practices evaluated and/or implemented across Latin America’s Climate-Smart Villages in 2019

CULTURA Y ACTIVACIÓN FÍSICA III

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

Common genetic variants of surfactant protein-D (SP-D) are associated with type 2 diabetes

CONTEXT: Surfactant protein-D (SP-D) is a primordial component of the innate immune system intrinsically linked to metabolic pathways. We aimed to study the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting SP-D with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated a common genetic variant located in the SP-D coding region (rs721917, Met(31)Thr) in a sample of T2D patients and non-diabetic controls (n = 2,711). In a subset of subjects (n = 1,062), this SNP was analyzed in association with circulating SP-D concentrations, insulin resistance, and T2D. This SNP and others were also screened in the publicly available Genome Wide Association (GWA) database of the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC). RESULTS: We found the significant association of rs721917 with circulating SP-D, parameters of insulin resistance and T2D. Indeed, G carriers showed decreased circulating SP-D (p = 0.004), decreased fasting glucose (p = 0.0002), glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.0005), and 33% (p = 0.002) lower prevalence of T2D, estimated under a dominant model, especially among women. Interestingly, these differences remained significant after controlling for origin, age, gender, and circulating SP-D. Moreover, this SNP and others within the SP-D genomic region (i.e. rs10887344) were significantly associated with quantitative measures of glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and T2D, according to GWAS datasets from MAGIC. CONCLUSIONS: SP-D gene polymorphisms are associated with insulin resistance and T2D. These associations are independent of circulating SP-D concentrations

Neddylation inhibition ameliorates steatosis in NAFLD by boosting hepatic fatty acid oxidation via the DEPTOR-mTOR axis

Objective: Neddylation is a druggable and reversible ubiquitin-like post-translational modification upregulated in many diseases, including liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and more recently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Herein, we propose to address the effects of neddylation inhibition and the underlying mechanisms in pre-clinical models of NAFLD. Methods: Hepatic neddylation measured by immunohistochemical analysis and NEDD8 serum levels measured by ELISA assay were evaluated in NAFLD clinical and pre-clinical samples. The effects of neddylation inhibition by using a pharmacological small inhibitor, MLN4924, or molecular approaches were assessed in isolated mouse hepatocytes and pre-clinical mouse models of diet-induced NAFLD, male adult C57BL/6 mice, and the AlfpCre transgenic mice infected with AAV-DIO-shNedd8. Results: Neddylation inhibition reduced lipid accumulation in oleic acid-stimulated mouse primary hepatocytes and ameliorated liver steatosis, preventing lipid peroxidation and inflammation in the mouse models of diet-induced NAFLD. Under these conditions, increased Deptor levels and the concomitant repression of mTOR signaling were associated with augmented fatty acid oxidation and reduced lipid content. Moreover, Deptor silencing in isolated mouse hepatocytes abolished the anti-steatotic effects mediated by neddylation inhibition. Finally, serum NEDD8 levels correlated with hepatic neddylation during the disease progression in the clinical and pre-clinical models. Conclusions: Overall, the upregulation of Deptor, driven by neddylation inhibition, is proposed as a novel effective target and therapeutic approach to tackle NAFLDThis work was supported by grants from Gobierno Vasco-Departamento de Salud 2013111114 (to M.L.M.-C), ELKARTEK 2016, Departamento de Industria del Gobierno Vasco (to M.L.M−C), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades MICINN: SAF2017-87301-R, and RTI2018-096759-A-100 integrado en el Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y Innovación, cofinanciado con Fondos FEDER (to M.L.M− T.C.D respectively); MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE (RTI2018-095134-B-100) (to P.A.), AECC Bizkaia (M.S-M); Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (T.C.D), Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC Scientific Foundation) Rare Tumor Calls 2017 (to M.L.M, J.M.B., M.A.A., J.J.G.M.), La Caixa Foundation Program (to M.L.M and J.M.B.), 2018 BBVA Foundation Grants for Scientific Research Teams (to M.L.M.-C.), Ayudas para apoyar grupos de investigación del sistema Universitario Vasco IT971-16 (P.A.). MyFirst Grant AIRC n.16888, Ricerca Finalizzata Ministero della Salute RF-2016-02364358, Ricerca corrente Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (to LV), the European Union (EU) Programme Horizon 2020 (under grant agreement No. 777377) for the project LITMUS- “Liver Investigation: Testing Marker Utility in Steatohepatitis” (to LV), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda “Liver BIBLE” PR-0391, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda core COVID-19 Biobank (RC100017A) (to LV). This research was funded by the CIBERehd (EHD15PI05/2016) and “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III”, Spain (PI16/00598 and PI19/00819, co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund, “Investing in your future”); Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (SAF2016-75197-R); “Junta de Castilla y Leon” (SA063P17); AECC Scientific Foundation (2017/2020), Spain; “Centro Internacional sobre el Envejecimiento” (OLD-HEPAMARKER, 0348_CIE_6_E), Spain; University of Salamanca Foundation, Spain (PC-TCUE18-20_051), and Fundació Marato TV3 (Ref. 201916–31), Spain. RB acknowledges BFU2017-84653-P (MINECO/FEDER, EU), SEV-2016-0644 (Severo Ochoa Excellence Program), 765445-EU (UbiCODE Program), SAF2017-90900-REDT (UBIRed Program), and IT1165-19 (Basque Country Government). Ciberehd_ISCIII_MINECO is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. We thank MINECO for the Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation to CIC bioGUNE (SEV-2016-0644)S

Effectiveness and safety of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in patients over 65 years: a real-life multicentre analysis of 162 patients

Background Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies have shown notable effectiveness and tolerability in migraine patients; however, data on their use in elderly patients is still lacking, as clinical trials have implicit age restrictions and real-world evidence is scarce. In this study, we aimed to describe the safety and effectiveness of erenumab, galcanezumab and fremanezumab in migraine patients over 65 years old in real-life. Methods In this observational real-life study, a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 18 different headache units in Spain was performed. Migraine patients who started treatment with any anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody after the age of 65 years were included. Primary endpoints were reduction in monthly migraine days after 6 months of treatment and the presence of adverse effects. Secondary endpoints were reductions in headache and medication intake frequencies by months 3 and 6, response rates, changes in patient-reported outcomes and reasons for discontinuation. As a subanalysis, reduction in monthly migraine days and proportion of adverse effects were also compared among the three monoclonal antibodies. Results A total of 162 patients were included, median age 68 years (range 65-87), 74.1% women. 42% had dyslipidaemia, 40.3% hypertension, 8% diabetes, and 6.2% previous cardiovascular ischaemic disease. The reduction in monthly migraine days at month 6 was 10.17.3 days. A total of 25.3% of patients presented adverse effects, all of them mild, with only two cases of blood pressure increase. Headache and medication intake frequencies were significantly reduced, and patient-reported outcomes were improved. The proportions of responders were 68%, 57%, 33% and 9% for reductions in monthly migraine days >= 30%,>= 50%,>= 75% and 100%, respectively. A total of 72.8% of patients continued with the treatment after 6 months. The reduction in migraine days was similar for the different anti-CGRP treatments, but fewer adverse effects were detected with fremanezumab (7.7%). Conclusions Anti-CGRP mAbs are safe and effective treatments in migraine patients over 65 years old in real-life clinical practice

La profesión del diseño. Expresiones y experiencias

Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MéxicoEl mundo de las profesiones está cambiando rápidamente en las última tres décadas, no existe profesión alguna que permanezca estática ante el impacto del desarrollo tecnológico. En el caso de la profesión del diseño se ha trastocado su concepción, fundamento y acción ante el advenimiento de la era digital. El desarrollo tecnológico de la era digital ha provocado una disrupción en la industria y en los servicios, estamos ante la cuarta revolución industrial y de servicios (4.0 RIS), que demanda un nuevo diseñador con cualidades renovadas preparado para el manejo de nuevas tecnologías y de nuevos materiales con ideas innovadoras y creativas que responda a una visión sustentable, aplicable y funcional de los objetos, productos, sistemas y procesos. Frente a la emergencia de ecosistemas industriales y de servicios emergentes la profesión de diseño se coloca como la profesión del futuro. Esto exige conocer la realidad actual de ésta profesión para pensar en el futuro mediato; con este espíritu, nace la obra que el lector tiene en sus manos: La profesión del diseño, expresiones y experiencias. Estamos ciertos que hoy existe una convivencia de paradigmas de las revoluciones industriales, diseños basados en tecnologías manuales, mecánicas, automáticas y digitales. Cada tecnología trae consigo su marco interpretativo teórico, contextual e histórico, riqueza que se muestra, en esta dirección, en las páginas de este libro. En este libro participan diseñadores industriales y gráficos –y uno que otro invitado no diseñador- que nos comparten de forma apasionada sus expresiones y experiencias que van desde la preocupación con miras al futuro del 2030 hasta propuesta de una formación creativa para el diseñador a través del desarrollo del Jugendgarten. También, se presenta la dimensión simbólica del diseño arquitectónico a través de sus formas geométricas y sus rituales sagrados. No se olvidan las dimensiones del desarrollo humano y de las expresiones posmodernas del diseño; así como, de las miradas antropológica, sociocultural, de identidad y de género. Sin duda alguna, se muestra tres momentos históricos del diseño: artesanal, industrial y digital.La profesión del diseño, expresiones y experiencias, es un libro orgánico con la participación de especialistas en diseño que comparten sus puntos de vista y sus experiencias. Brinda un profundo análisis de la situación que guarda el diseño en los contextos social, industrial, empresarial y académico. Una de las conclusiones relevantes es que la profesión del diseño es una profesión del futuro porque la acción de diseñar es inherente a la transformación del mundo en la cuarta revolución industrial resultado de la evolución científica y tecnológica. Sus coordinadores, estudiosos de la temática, gozan del prestigio en la comunidad científica, son integrantes del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, la Dra. Ana María Reyes Fabela (Nivel I) y el Dr. René Pedroza Flores (Nivel II); además, este último, es integrante de la Academia Mexicana de la Ciencia (Máximo órgano de la comunidad de científicos en México)