Metodologias para a localização de danos em vigas de concreto pré-esforçado

En este trabajo se evalúan metodologías para la detección de daño en estructuras de hormigón pretensado. Los métodos estudiados son el de variación de los desplazamientos y el de curvatura de la elástica, complementados con el uso de imágenes termográficas. A tal fin, dichos métodos se aplicaron sobre dos vigas de hormigón pretensado, construidas en laboratorio. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron detectar la presencia de daño y localizarlo con buena precisión. Si bien estos métodos ya se han aplicado sobre estructuras de hormigón armado, no se han encontrado aplicaciones sobre estructuras de hormigón pretensado. Se demostró la efectividad de las metodologías propuestas y se destaca la posibilidad y conveniencia de un uso combinado de las mismas.This work evaluates methodologies for the detection of damage in prestressed concrete structures. The methods studied are the variation of the displacements and the curvature of the elastic, complemented by the use of thermographic images. To this end, these methods were applied on two prestressed concrete beams, built in the laboratory. The results obtained allowed to detect the presence of damage and to locate it with good precision. Although these methods have already been applied to reinforced concrete structures, no applications have been found to prestressed concrete structures. The effectiveness of the proposed methodologies was demonstrated and the possibility and convenience of a combined use of them are highlighted.Em este trabalho são avaliadas metodologias para a detecção de danos em estruturas de concreto pré-esforçado. Os métodos estudados são a variação dos deslocamentos e a curvatura da elástica, complementados com o uso de imagens termográficas. Para este fim, tais métodos foram aplicados em duas vigas de concreto pré-esforçadas, construídas em laboratório. Os resultados obtidos permitiram detectar a presença de dano e localizá-lo com boa precisão. Embora esses métodos já tenham sido aplicados em estruturas de concreto armado, não foram encontradas aplicações em estruturas de concreto pré-esforçado. A eficácia das metodologias propostas foi demonstrada e a possibilidade e a conveniência de um uso combinado delas são destacadas.Fil: Ercolani, Germán Darío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Nestor Francisco. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Felix, Daniel Horacio. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; Argentin

Detección de fisuras en vigas de hormigón pretensado

Al inspeccionar y garantizar la seguridad estructural existente, es importante aplicar las técnicas adecuadas para la detección temprana de posible presencia de daños. En este trabajo el método de variación de los desplazamientos, para detectar la presencia de grietas producidas por la flexión en vigas de hormigón pretensado fue validado mediante modelos numéricos 3D. Los modelos 3D fueron construidos y resueltos mediante el método de elementos finitos. La sensibilidad de cada parámetro utilizado en este estudio se obtuvo por medio de varios análisis. Desde el presente trabajo, se concluye que el método en estudio, parece ser muy apropiado para la detección temprana de grietas, en las vigas de hormigón pretensado.When inspecting and ensuring the existing structural security, it is important to apply the adequate techniques to early detection of possible presence of damage. In this job the displacements variation method, to detect the presence of cracks produced by bending in prestressed concrete beams was validated by means of numerical 3D models. The 3D models was built and solved by using the finite element method. The sensitivity of each parameter used in this study was obtained by means of several sensitivity analyses. From the present job, it is concluded that the method under study, seems to be very appropriate for early detection of cracking, in prestressed concrete beams.Fil: Ercolani, Germán Darío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Nestor Francisco. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Felix, Daniel Horacio. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; Argentin

The Cactaceae family in Argentina: diversity patterns and political priorities for their conservation

En este trabajo se utilizó la riqueza de especies y el endemismo de las especies de cactáceas argentinas para seleccionar las provincias con la mayor prioridad para la conservación de esta familia de plantas en el país. Además, se evaluó el papel de la diversidad de cactáceas como sustitutos de la diversidad de plantas dicotiledóneas de Argentina. La riqueza de especies (número de especies) y el endemismo (número de especies endémicas) fueron determinadas para cada una de las 24 provincias de Argentina. Un total de 15 provincias fueron seleccionadas como prioritarias con base en todas las especies de cactáceas y 14 con base en las especies endémicas. La provincia de Salta presenta la mayor riqueza de especies y endemismo. Las especies endémicas son un buen sustituto de la diversidad de cactáceas. De igual manera, las cactáceas son un buen sustituto de la diversidad de las plantas dicotiledóneas.The Cactaceae family in Argentina: diversity patterns and political priorities for their conservation. In this paper we used species richness and endemism of Argentine cacti to select those provinces with highest priority for the conservation of this plant family in the country. The role of cactus diversity as a surrogate for dicot diversity was further analyzed. Species richness (number of species) and endemism (number of endemic species) were determined for each of the 24 provinces of Argentina. Fifteen provinces were selected as priority based on the number of species and 14 provinces were selected based on the number of endemic species. Salta province presents the highest species richness and endemism. Endemic species are a good surrogate for cactus diversity. Similarly, cactus diversity is a good surrogate for dicot diversity.Fil: Ortega Baes, Francisco Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Godinez Álvarez, Héctor. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala; MéxicoFil: Sajama, Modesto Jesus. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Gorostiague, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Sühring, Silvia Susana. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; ArgentinaFil: Galíndez, Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; ArgentinaFil: Bravo, Silvia Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Spahr, Diego. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Alonso Pedano, Mariana Inés. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Lindow López, Lucía Teresa. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Barrionuevo, Andrea Mariel. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, Cecilia Ines. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Curti, Ramiro Nestor. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Juárez, Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentin

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Relationship between floral traits and floral visitors in two coexisting Tecoma species (Bignoniaceae)

In this paper, we studied the floral biology of Tecoma fulva ssp. garrocha and T. stans in Vaqueros (Salta, Argentina), where both species coexist. We tested the idea that floral traits are associated with the pollinator types that visit them. According to our results, T. fulva ssp. garrocha presented traits common to bird flowers and were visited by two species of Trochilidae (Colibri serrirostris and Chlorostilbon lucidus). In addition, T. stans exhibited traits common to hymenoptera flowers and were visited principally by Apis mellifera and Bombus atratus. This study showed that floral traits are predictive of animal visitors.Fil: Curti, Ramiro Nestor. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Cs.naturales. Escuela de Agronomia. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botanicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ortega Baes, Francisco Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Cs.naturales. Escuela de Agronomia. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botanicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta; Argentin

Diagnosis of failures in concrete structures

The concrete structures often suffer several kinds of damages over their service life. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify these damages, as soon as possible, in order to take preventive actions for the structural health. In this chapter, several methods are studied and applied to crack detection in concrete structures, between them, the method of displacement variation, the method of elastic curvature, the inverse method, and the application of the wavelet transform. Furthermore, the use of thermography, as a non-contact diagnostic method, has been studied. The purpose of these methods is detection, localization and, if it is possible, the quantification of the damage. Then, this information can be useful to design the repair of the structure. The studies have been performed on a set of three-dimensional numerical models, using the finite element method. Complementarily, a set of experimental models consisting of concrete beams, have been built in the laboratory. Different sensitivity analyses have been successfully carried out, to determine the parameters required for the implementation of the diagnostic methods in practice. Then, the different methods have been compared and the corresponding advantages and disadvantages, in each case, have been analyzed.Fil: Ercolani, Germán Darío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Nestor Francisco. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Felix, Daniel Horacio. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; Argentin