El “debido control” en la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas

En el presente artículo se analiza, en sus diversos aspectos, el «debido control» que las personas jurídicas deben llevar a cabo para no tener que responder penalmente por los delitos cometidos en su seno, en virtud del artículo 31.bis del Código Penal. La reforma legislativa de 2015 del Código Penal, ha supuesto que la exigencia del «debido control» a las personas jurídicas se haya ampliado notablemente respecto de la existente con anterioridad a dicha reforma.In the present article is analyzed, in its different facets, the “appropriate control” which the legal persons must accomplish in order to avoid being criminally accountable because of criminal offence committed within them, according to the article 31.bis of Spanish Criminal Code. The Spanish Criminal Code legislative reform 2015, has meant that requirement for «appropriate control» to legal persons has been increased significantly in relation to the requirement before the legislative reform

Formulación cuadrática del flujo de carga factorizado en coordenadas cartesianas

Sin duda alguna, la novedad más relevante que se introduce en este trabajo es la presentación de una formulación puramente cuadrática del flujo de cargas. Originalmente, el flujo de cargas en coordenadas cartesianas ya es de por sí cuadrático, pero este contiene los términos cruzados del tipo xi * xj, lo que dificulta el tratamiento y convergencia del problema. En este trabajo se introduce una idea totalmente original y novedosa que no se había realizado hasta ahora: una formulación cuadrática del flujo de cargas, en la que no existen términos cruzados, denominada con las siglas FLFQ (flujo de cargas factorizado cuadrático). En [1]se obtuvo una solución factorizada para el flujo de cargas en coordenadas cartesianas, en la que se usaban logaritmos en sus ecuaciones. Esta solución originaba un problema de igualdad matemática a la hora de realizar logaritmos de números complejos con parte real negativa, por lo que se introdujo la idea del offset de carácter real como solución. Con afán de mejorar este algoritmo, en este trabajo se introduce la idea de usar un offset complejo. El uso de este tipo de offset se justifica en [2], con lo cual se obtendrían ciertas ventajas respecto a la situación anterior. En este proyecto primero se recordará la aparición y la formulación de los métodos factorizados para la resolución de sistemas de ecuaciones no lineales. Una vez visto esto, se pasará a introducir la nueva variante del flujo de cargas que se mencionó en el párrafo inicial, la cual poseerá ciertas ventajas y desventajas que se observarán en el capítulo 7. Este trabajo concluirá con diversos estudios comparativos entre los cuatro métodos de resolución de sistemas de ecuaciones no lineales: el método convencional de Newton-Raphson (NR), el flujo de cargas factorizado en coordenadas polares (FLF), el flujo de cargas factorizado en coordenadas cartesianas (FLFRC) y el flujo de cargas factorizado cuadrático (FLFQ). Esta comparativa se recoje de nuevo en el capítulo 7.Universidad de Sevilla. Máster en Ingeniería Industria

Analysis of the performance of the TES algorithm over urban areas

International audienceThe temperature and emissivity separation (TES) algorithm is used to retrieve the land surface emissivity (LSE) and land surface temperature (LST) values from multispectral thermal infrared sensors. In this paper, we analyze the performance of this methodology over urban areas, which are characterized by a large number of different surface materials, a variability in the lowest layer of the atmospheric profiles, and a 3-D structure. These specificities induce errors in the LSE and LST retrieval, which should be quantified. With this aim, the efficiency of the TES algorithm over urban materials, the atmospheric correction, and the impact of the 3-D architecture of urban scenes are analyzed. The method is based on the use of a 3-D radiative transfer tool, TITAN, for modeling all of the radiative components of the signal registered by a sensor. From the sensor radiance, an atmosphere compensation process is applied, followed by a TES methodology that considers the observed scene to be a flat surface. Finally, the retrieved LSE and LST are compared with the original parameters. Results show the following: First, the TES algorithm used reproduces the LSE (LST) of urban materials within a root-mean-square error (rmse) of 0.017 (0.9 K). Second, 20% of uncertainty in the water vapor content of the total atmosphere introduces an rmse of 0.005 (0.4 K) for the LSE (LST) product. Third, in a standard case, the 3-D structure of an urban canyon leads to an rmse of 0.005 (0.2 K) for the LSE (LST) retrieval of the asphalt at the bottom of the scene

Offset-Assisted Factored Solution of Nonlinear Systems

This paper presents an improvement to the recently-introduced factored method for the solution of nonlinear equations. The basic idea consists of transforming the original system by adding an offset to all unknowns. When searching for real solutions, a real offset prevents the intermediate values of unknowns from becoming complex. Reciprocally, when searching for complex solutions, a complex offset is advisable to allow the iterative process to quickly abandon the real domain. Several examples are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm, when compared to Newton’s methodMinisterio de Economía y Competitividadt ENE2013-48428-C

Enhanced styrene removal in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor operated as a biotrickling filter: Towards full-scale applications

Styrene vapor abatement was investigated in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor operated as a biotrickling filter (TPPB-BTF). The removal performance of the TPPB-BTF was simultaneously compared with a conventional BTF, which served as a control. Industrial-grade silicone oil was used as the non-aqueous phase in the TPPB-BTF due to its high affinity for styrene. Both bioreactors were operated at styrene inlet concentrations ranging from 55 to 323 mg C m−3 and empty bed residence times (EBRT) of 15-30 s, corresponding to pollutant loading rates of 13-77 g C m−3 h−1. Both bioreactors exhibited styrene removal efficiencies (REs) higher than 90% at an EBRT of 30 s. Nevertheless, the TPPB-BTF showed a superior removal performance than that recorded in the control BTF at EBRTs shorter than 30 s. REs of 89%, 84% and 57% were recorded in the TPPB-BTF at EBRT of 15 s and loading rates of 13, 22 and 77 g C m−3 h−1, respectively, while the control BTF supported removal efficiencies of 64%, 42% and 18-42% under the same experimental conditions. The resilience and robustness of the TPPB-BTF over styrene shock loadings and transient inlet concentration was also confirmed, the TPPB-BTF being able to recover a stable RE of 89% one day after such operation disturbances. The potential of the TPPB-BTF towards full scale applications was also critically discussed based on the experimental determination of silicone oil loses through aqueous phase renewal, which accounted for 0.4% of the initial volume of oil added to the TPPB-BTF after 87 days of operation

Propuesta de actividades de escritura creativa para las clases de traducción literaria

: Este artículo se basa en una experiencia docente en la que se ensaya la introducción de actividades de escritura creativa en lengua materna en las clases de traducción literaria de la Universitat Jaume I. Aprovechando el notable recorrido con que ya cuenta el ámbito de la escritura creativa y su indudable componente lúdico y motivador, se plantean aquí algunas propuestas que, mediante la estimulación de la escritura, buscan la mejor comprensión del artefacto literario por parte del alumnado, con el objetivo último de optimizar su rendimiento como traductor de literatura y estimular su gusto por tal actividad.The present article provides an account of a training experience conducted at Universitat Jaume I, which aims at incorporating targetlanguage creative writing activities into the literary translation classroom. The article draws on the well-established practice of creative writing as well as on its playful, motivational component, with a view to offering several proposals intended to awaken students’ desire to write and thus improve their understanding of the literary artefact. The ultimate goals of these activities are to enhance literary translator trainees’ performance as well as their appreciation of both literature and literary translation

Modelling mass transfer properties in a biotrickling filter for the removal of isopropanol

A study was carried out to model mass transfer properties in biotrickling filters, treating isopropanol as the target pollutant. This study was extended to the mass transfer of oxygen related to the fact that the treatment of hydrophilic compounds by biotrickling filtration is often limited by oxygen. A simple method for each compound was developed based on their physical properties. The influence of temperature on the Henry"s law constant of isopropanol was determined. An increase of 1.8 per 10ºC for the dimensionless Henry"s law constant was obtained. The determination of the overall mass transfer coefficients of isopropanol (KGa) was carried out, obtaining values between 500 and 1800 h-1 for gas velocities of 100 and 300 m h-1. No significant influences were observed for either the liquid velocity or packing material. Also, the determination of overall mass transfer coefficients of oxygen (KLa) were carried out, obtaining values between 20 and 200 h-1 depending on the packing material for liquid velocities between 2 and 33 m h-1. Structured packing materials exhibited greater mass transfer coefficients, while for random packing materials, the mass transfer coefficients clearly benefited from the high specific surface area. Mathematical correlations found in the literature were compared with the empirical data, showing that neither was capable of reproducing the mass transfer coefficients obtained empirically. Thus, empirical relationships between the mass transfer coefficients and the gas and liquid velocities are proposed to characterise the syste

Study of Mass Oxygen Transfer in a Biotrickling Filter for Air Pollution Control

Biotrickling filtration is a potential and cost effective alternative for the treatment of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in air, so it is necessary to deepen into the key aspects of design and operation for the optimization of this technology. One of these factors is the oxygen mass transfer of the process. This study would facilitate the selection of the packing material and the mathematical modelling and simulation of bioreactors. Four plastic packing materials with a different specific surface area have been evaluated in terms of oxygen mass transfer. For the tested range of superficial liquid velocities, data show a relationship between the kLa and the superficial liquid velocity in all packing materials used, except for the biggest plastic rings. No significant differences in mass transfer coefficients at low liquid velocities were observed, however dependency between oxygen transfer and specific surface area increased considerably for high liquid velocities. No significant influences of the superficial air velocity were observed

Tool for assessing the adequacy of software to process ITIL incident management

[EN] The Information Technology (IT) and Information Systems (IS) are becoming increasingly important in business and get help achieve their corporate objectives efficiently. This importance is a growing trend, and based on that, the need to properly manage these IT arises. To bring that management properly, a number of frameworks appear to perform such management in a systematic and organized way. The implementation of these frameworks, such as ITIL, is complex, and must be supported by the right tools. But it is not easy to know if a tool is appropriate, or meets the requirements. This paper presents a model for evaluating tools for managing one of the key processes defined in ITIL is presented, as is the Incident Management process.[ES] Las Tecnologías de la Información (TI) y los Sistemas de Información (SI) son cada vez más importantes en las empresas para conseguir alcanzar sus objetivos corporativos de forma eficiente. En función de esta importancia, que sigue una tendencia creciente, surge la necesidad de gestionar de forma adecuada estas TI, y en relación con ello, una serie de marcos de trabajo para llevar a cabo esa gestión de forma sistemática y organizada. La implantación de estos marcos de trabajo, como es el caso de ITIL, resulta compleja, y debe estar soportada por las herramientas adecuadas. Pero no es fácil saber si una herramienta es adecuada, o se ajusta a las necesidades. En este trabajo se presenta un modelo de evaluación de Herramientas para llevar a cabo la gestión de uno de los procesos clave definidos en ITIL, como es el proceso de Gestión de Incidentes.Oltra Badenes, RF.; Roig Ferriol, JM. (2014). Herramienta para la evaluación de la adecuación de software al proceso de gestión de incidentes de ITIL. 3c Tic. 3(4):212-227. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/52745S2122273

Proposed model for assessment tools for managing the ITIL problem management

[ES] En el competitivo entorno en el que nos hallamos actualmente, la gestión adecuada de las Tecnologías de la Información (TI) y de los sistemas de información (SI) de las organizaciones, es un aspecto estratégico y fundamental para que estas consigan alcanzar sus objetivos corporativos. En ese entorno, surgen marcos de trabajo para gestionar de la mejor forma los servicios de TI en las organizaciones. La implantación de estos marcos de trabajo, como es el caso de ITIL, resulta compleja, y debe estar soportada por las herramientas adecuadas. Pero no es fácil saber si una herramienta es adecuada, o se ajusta a las necesidades. En este trabajo se presenta un modelo de evaluación de Herramientas para llevar a cabo la gestión de uno de los procesos clave definidos en ITIL, como es el proceso de Gestión de Problemas.[EN] In the competitive environment in which we are, proper management of Information Technology (IT) and information systems (IS) is a strategic and fundamental aspect for organizations to be able to achieve their corporate objectives. In that environment, frameworks emerge to manage in the best way IT services in organizations. The implementation of these frameworks, such ITIL, is complex, and must be supported by appropriate tools. But it is not easy to tell if a tool is appropriate, or is adjusted to the needs. This paper presents an evaluation model of tools to carry out the management of the Problem Management process, one of the key processes defined in ITIL, as is the Problem Management process.Roig-Ferriol, JM.; Oltra Badenes, RF. (2015). Propuesta de modelo de evaluación de herramientas para la gestión del proceso de gestión de problemas de ITIL. 3C TIC, cuadernos de desarrollo aplicados a las TIC. 4(1):26-42. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/94984S26424