Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de avaliação da resistência ao rolamento de diferentes misturas betuminosas

Os pavimentos rodoviários são infraestruturas de grande importância para o desenvolvimento económico de qualquer país. Atualmente, o principal critério utilizado na conceção dessas infraestruturas deixou de ser apenas o seu menor custo, valorizando-se a perspetiva ambiental e procurando determinar todos os impactos de longo prazo (económicos, ambientais ou sociais) deste tipo de investimentos. Nesse sentido, o consumo de combustível dos veículos que circulam nos pavimentos tem um peso significativo em termos económicos e ambientais, justificando a procura de soluções que permitam reduzir esse consumo de forma a garantir um desenvolvimento mais sustentável. No que diz respeito às características dos pavimentos, um dos fatores que mais influencia o consumo dos veículos é a resistência ao rolamento. Tendo em conta que as características dos pavimentos, em especial as superficiais, têm uma influência significativa nessa propriedade, com o presente trabalho pretendeu desenvolver-se uma metodologia de avaliação da resistência ao rolamento de misturas betuminosas com diferentes características superficiais. Assim, é possível avaliar que misturas ou características superficiais permitem contribuir para uma redução do consumo de combustível e das emissões de gases resultantes da sua queima ao longo do ciclo de vida de um pavimento. A obtenção de resultados do consumo energético necessário para circular sobre diferentes misturas betuminosas foi conseguida através do desenvolvimento de um protótipo. O consumo energético do movimento circular das rodas, equipadas com pneus convencionais de veículos ligeiros, foi medido para diferentes superfícies e a sua utilização para a avaliação da sustentabilidade das misturas estudadas é analisada no presente artigoFEDER através do Programa Operacional de Competitividade - COMPETE e por fundos nacionais através da FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - no âmbito do Projeto PLASTIROADS - PTDC/ECM/119179/201

Adequação do mosto de uvas Niagara Rosada para vinificação através de desidratação parcial dos cachos

This study aimed to verify the influence of partial dehydration of Niagara Rosada grape clusters in physicochemical quality of the pre- fermentation must. In Brazil, during the winemaking process it is common to need to adjust the grape must when the physicochemical characteristics of the raw material are insufficient to produce wines in accordance with the Brazilian legislation for classification of beverages, which establishes the minimum alcohol content of 8.6 % for the beverage to be considered wine. Therefore, given that the reduction in the water content of grape berries allows the concentration of chemical compounds present in its composition, especially the concentration of total soluble solids, we proceeded with the treatments that were formed by the combination of two temperatures (T1-37.1ºC and T2-22.9 ºC) two air speeds (S1: 1.79 m s-1 and S2: 3.21 m s-1) and a control (T0) that has not gone through the dehydration treatment. Analysis of pH, Total Titratable Acidity (TTA) were performed in mEq L-1, Total Soluble Solids (TSS) in ºBrix, water content on a dry basis and Concentration of Phenolic Compounds (CPC) in mg of gallic acid per 100g of must. The average comparison test identified statistically significant modifications for the adaptation of must for winemaking purposes, having the treatment with 22.9 ºC and air speed of 1.79 m s-1 shown the largest increase in the concentration of total soluble solids, followed by the second best result for concentration of phenolic compounds.3418692Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência da desidratação parcial de cachos de uva Niagara Rosada na qualidade físico-química do mosto pré-fermentativo. No Brasil, durante o processo de vinificação, é comum a necessidade de adequação do mosto de uvas quando as características físico-químicas da matéria-prima são insuficientes para a obtenção de vinhos em conformidade com a legislação brasileira para classificação de bebidas, a qual estabelece o teor alcoólico mínimo de 8,6% para que a bebida seja considerada vinho. Portanto, tendo em vista que a redução do teor de água das bagas da uva possibilita a concentração de compostos químicos presentes em sua composição, principalmente a concentração de sólidos solúveis totais, procedeu-se aos tratamentos que foram constituídos pela combinação de duas temperaturas (T1- 37,1 ºC e T2 - 22,9 ºC), duas velocidades de ar (V1- 1,79 m s-1 e V2-3,21 m s-1) e uma testemunha (T0), que não passou pelo tratamento de desidratação. Foram realizadas análises de pH, Acidez Total Titulável (ATT) em mEq L-1, Sólidos Solúveis Totais (SST) em ºBrix, teor de água em base seca e Concentração de Compostos Fenólicos (CCF) em mg de ácido gálico por 100 g de mosto. O teste de comparação de médias identificou modificações estatisticamente significativas para a adequação do mosto no intuito de vinificação, tendo o tratamento com 22,9 ºC e velocidade de ar de 1,79 m s-1 apresentado o maior incremento na concentração de sólidos solúveis totais, seguido do segundo melhor resultado para a concentração de compostos fenólicos.||This study aimed to verify the influence of partial dehydration of Niagara Rosada grape clusters in physicochemical quality of the pre- fermentation must. In Brazil, during the winemaking process it is common to need to adjust the grape must when the physicochemical characteristics of the raw material are insufficient to produce wines in accordance with the Brazilian legislation for classification of beverages, which establishes the minimum alcohol content of 8.6 % for the beverage to be considered wine. Therefore, given that the reduction in the water content of grape berries allows the concentration of chemical compounds present in its composition, especially the concentration of total soluble solids, we proceeded with the treatments that were formed by the combination of two temperatures (T1-37.1ºC and T2-22.9 ºC) two air speeds (S1: 1.79 m s-1 and S2: 3.21 m s-1) and a control (T0) that has not gone through the dehydration treatment. Analysis of pH, Total Titratable Acidity (TTA) were performed in mEq L-1, Total Soluble Solids (TSS) in ºBrix, water content on a dry basis and Concentration of Phenolic Compounds (CPC) in mg of gallic acid per 100g of must. The average comparison test identified statistically significant modifications for the adaptation of must for winemaking purposes, having the treatment with 22.9 ºC and air speed of 1.79 m s-1 shown the largest increase in the concentration of total soluble solids, followed by the second best result for concentration of phenolic compounds

Holocene history of Ria Formosa coastal lagoon system (Southern Portugal): borehole evidence and threedimensional paleotopography

A paleotopographic model of Ria Formosa is presented based on two borehole campaigns and a systematic comparison with previous works, revealing the existence of a complex network of fluvial valleys. Vertical sediment profiles showed a mosaic of changing depositional environments, resulting from local hydrodynamics, sedimentary sources and, to an extent, by the structurally inherited accommodation space. Sedimentological, geochemical and micropaleontological data were put in the context of an age model obtained from 14C datings, pointing to the existence of an estuarine environment subjected to a rapid coastal flooding from ca. 10000 to 7500 cal. years B.P., followed by a period of infilling in an increasingly confined coastal lagoon environment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Study and valorisation of wastewaters generated in the production of bacterial nanocellulose

[Excerpt] The use of low-cost residues from the agro-food industries in the formulation of fermentation culture media is often claimed to represent a strategy to reduce the production cost Bacterial NanoCellulose (BNC). However, the impact of such culture media, e.g. made of molasse and corn steep liquor, on the organic load of the wastewaters generated in this process has never been assessed. This work aims to characterize the wastewaters resulting from the fermentation of BNC using different culture media, under static culture, as well as their biochemical methane potential (BMP) and anaerobic biodegradability. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the most promising treatments for industrial wastewaters with high organic loads since, beyond removal of the organic matter, it generates energy in form of biogas. Two wastewaters streams were analysed: i) the one collected from the culture medium after fermentation (WaF); ii) the one that, in addition to the previous, includes the BNC washing wastewaters (WaW). The performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) for the treatment of the later (WaW) was also evaluated. [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

On to the impact of low cost substrates for BNC production

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is an exopolysaccharide produced by certain acetic acid bacteria. It has high crystallinity, high mechanical strength, high purity and high water-holding capacity. These properties make it useful in making artificial skin (1), electronic paper, composite reinforcement, development of food and cosmetic applications (2). The cost of fermentation media is believed to contribute significantly to the operational costs, especially if synthetic commercial media are used. Hence, much research on BNC production using low-cost substrates has been done focusing on lowering the production costs (3). Also, to meet the requirement for industrial applications, effective large-scale BNC production systems need to be developed, which involves improving the fermentation conditions and identifying high yield BNC-producing strains (4). However, as with many fermentation systems, while promoting the recycling of low value-added products, the use of complex substrates may in fact represent a bottleneck in the BNC fermentation processes. Some of these substrates present, comparatively to synthetic nutrients, high chemical oxygen demand (COD), total and volatile solids (TS and VS), total nitrogen (TN), antimicrobial components (such as phenols) Consequently, these alternative substrates may place an economic problem either downhill, due to the need for wastewaters treatments and/or, uphill, due to the need of substrates pre-treatment. In this work, the optimization of alternative BNC culture medium (Molasses-Corn Steep Liquor, MOL-CSL), using Response surface methodology central composite design was used to evaluate the effect of inexpensive and widely available nutrients sources, namely MOL, ethanol (EtOH), CSL and ammonium sulphate on BNC production yield under static culture by komagataeibacter xylinus BPR 2001. The optimized parameters for maximum BNC production were: % (m/v): MOL 5.38, CSL 1.91, ammonium sulphate 0.63, disodium phosphate 0.270, citric acid 0.115 and ethanol 1.38 % (v/v). The maximum BNC production yield were 7.5 ± 0.54 g/L versus 1.79 ± 0.04 g/L for MOL-CSL and synthetic medium (HS-EtOH) culture medium, respectively. The resulting wastewater from each culture medium was characterized regarding COD, TN, TS and VS, leading to the conclusion that the wastewaters generated using MOL-CSL are more heavily charged with organic matter, increasing the final costs of BNC production due to the higher costs associated to wastewater treatment. Anaerobic digestion (AD) was studied for wastewater treatment and biogas production from the wastewaters of the BNC fermentation and purification process. Finally, a preliminary Life Cycle Assessment of BNC production was performed and will be presented.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reuso da água da chuva na produção de blocos de concreto não estrutural

Water is essential in all spheres of human life. Among them the construction. Not considered as a building material, water is consumed on a large scale in construction sites, concrete producers and the production of concrete blocks. Clever use and sustainable alternatives reduce consumption and combine progress and cleaner production. The reuse of rainwater proved to be an effective and profitable solution to a factory of non-structural concrete blocks in the city of Palmas in Tocantins state. The water collected and stored for this purpose was subjected to studies that first stage showed the presence of foreign bodies. These irregularities detected through screens and filters to eliminate foreign bodies and made water itself to manufacture. Studies have ensured water quality, capable of producing without interference blocks on their properties. The result was productive feasibility, cost reduction and sustainable production.A água é essencial em todas as esferas da vida humana. Dentre elas a construção civil. Não considerada como material de construção, a água é consumida em grande escala nos canteiros de obra, concreteiras e na produção de blocos de concreto. O uso inteligente e alternativas sustentáveis reduzem o consumo e aliam progresso e produção limpa. O reuso da água da chuva se mostrou uma solução eficaz e lucrativa para uma fábrica de blocos de concreto não estrutural na cidade de Palmas, no estado do Tocantins. A água coletada e armazenada para este fim foi submetida a estudos que em primeiro estágio apontaram presença de corpos estranhos. Constatadas essas irregularidades através de peneiras e filtros eliminaram-se os corpos estranhos e tornou a água própria para a fabricação. Os estudos garantiram a qualidade da água, capaz de produzir blocos sem interferência em suas propriedades. O resultado foi viabilidade produtiva, redução de custos e produção sustentável

A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling

To properly understand organizational adaptation and innovation, it is critical to understand the emergence phenomenon, i.e., how the capabilities of a system emerge after changes. However, for this, we should be able to explain systems, their structure, behavior, and capabilities. In pursuit of an understanding of the emergence phenomenon and the nature of those new kinds of systems in organizations, we propose a well-founded system core ontology based on the Unified Foundational Ontology. The ontology is also grounded in system science definitions and disposition theories. For a more integrated explanation of emergence, the proposed ontology considers distinct perspectives of a system, such as its composition, structure, properties, and functions. In the end, we discuss the applications and implications of the proposed ontology on the enterprise architecture area and emergence modeling

Self-avoiding fractional Brownian motion - The Edwards model

In this work we extend Varadhan's construction of the Edwards polymer model to the case of fractional Brownian motions in $\R^d$, for any dimension $d\geq 2$, with arbitrary Hurst parameters $H\leq 1/d$.Comment: 14 page

PROFESSORES DA REDE MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DE SANTA MARIA/RS: RELATO DE PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA

Esse texto relata a formação de professores realizada durante 2011 e 2012 com docentesde Educação Física cujo objetivo foi contribuir com a elaboração e o desenvolvimento depropostas relacionadas à organização do trabalho pedagógico. Os registros dasformações tiveram como base vídeos, atas, avaliações individuais e coletivas realizadasno término de cada encontro. As análises sinalizam para a continuidade no processo deformação para esses professores visando a autonomia individual e coletiva.Consideramos que a continuidade da formação desloque-se para as próprias escolas,materializando sua centralidade como espaço formativo, a ser constituído organicamentecomo lugar de produção de conhecimento