Crescimento econômico, diferenciais regionais de renda e migração : teoria e evidências empíricas

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Economia, 2006.Os modelos neoclássicos que versam sobre crescimento econômico apresentam como corolário a convergência de renda entre regiões. Não obstante, o Brasil se caracteriza historicamente pela concentração geográfica da produção e da renda. Recentemente, essa possibilidade tem sido incorporada pela teoria, cujos argumentos se pautam na existência de vantagens comparativas, retornos crescentes de escala, economias de aglomeração e externalidades marshallianas. A questão então é: a política regional deve enfatizar a redução das disparidades regionais de renda existentes no Brasil? A resposta a essa questão é apresentada neste trabalho, tomando como base o modelo apresentado em Matsuyama e Takahashi (1998). Os resultados mostram que no período em que o Brasil acelerava o seu processo de industrialização (anos de 1950), havia uma tendência natural para a concentração regional da produção e da população e essa concentração traria um maior nível de bem-estar para a população. Assim, a política regional deveria ser a de incentivar a concentração, o contrário do que postulara o relatório do GTDN. Porém, a conjuntura dos anos 1980 mostrou que, nesse período, a população atingiria um superior nível de bem-estar se fosse melhor distribuída entre as regiões. Embora uma distribuição igualitária da população seja desejável, partindo de uma situação de concentração, o setor público deveria atuar efetivamente no sentido de promover uma melhor distribuição populacional. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe neoclassic growth models present results such as income convergence between regions. Nevertheless, Brazil has a historical geographic concentration of income and production. Recently, economic theory has incorporated this possibility, whose arguments are based on comparative advantages, increasing returns, agglomeration economies, and Marshallian externalities. The main question is: Brazilian regional policy must emphasize the reduction of income disparities among regions? The answer to this question is presented in this paper, based on the Matsuyama e Takahashi (1998) model. The results show that, in the period which Brazil accelerated its industrialization process (i.e., 1950s), there was a natural trend for regional concentration of production and population and that that concentration could give a higher welfare level for the population. Therefore, regional policy should induce concentration, contrary to the GTDN report. Nonetheless, the 1980s showed that population could get a higher welfare level if the former were distributed more equally among regions. Even though a better population distribution is desirable, from a situation of concentration, the public sector should perform effectively in order to promote deconcentration

Emprego organizado e regiões nos anos 90: Quem perdeu mais?

O arfigo constitui parte e os primeiros resulfados de um esfudo mais amplo, que tem comoobjetivo o exame do mercado organizado de trabalho nos regioes e sub-regioes brasileirasvisando identificar a influencia de determinantes nacionais, regionais e setoriais nos diferentesespagos nacionais. O que se pretende, de inlcio, e explorer, em periodo recente, odeclinio generalizado do nivel de emprego organizado no Pafs, quais as regioes e subregioesque mais perderam, em que momenta ocorreram essas perdas e, por meio doesfudo de alguns casos exemplares, identificar as razdes da redugao, do aumento ou damanutengdo do nivel de emprego organizado. Para isto examinam-se, recentemente, omovimento ciclico da economia nacional e a evolugdo da distribuigdo da atividadeprodutiva nos regioes brasileiras. Na busca das explicagoes para os casos consideradosrelevantes, sdo analisados os processos de reestruturagdo produtiva, de relocalizagaoindustrial e de abertura econdmica e e feito um mapeamento sumario do impacto dastransformagoes sobre os niveis de emprego organizado nos economias regionais. Otrabalho conclui que existem determinantes nacionais relevantes, mas reconhece casosnos quais aspectos regionais e setoriais, multo espedficos, tem grande significado.The article constitutes first results of part of a wider study whose objectives are: the examof organized labor markets of Brazilian's regions and sub-regions, aiming to identify theimpact of national, regional and sector variables in different national space. It intends, atthe beginning, to explore the recent period of overall decline of organized employmentlevel in the country; which areas and sub-areas have lost the most in which period that lossoccurred; and, through some case studies, find out the cause of reduction, increase ormaintenance of organized employment levels. To achieve these goals, we analyzed thecyclical movements of economics variables and the evolution of the pattern of economicactivities in Brazilian regions. In search of explanations for the relevant case studies, thepath of restructuring productions processes is analyzed, as well as industrial relocation andcommercial liberalization. A summary map of the variations of organized employmentlevels impacts throughout the regional economies, is presented. The paper concludes thatthere are relevant national variables influences the process, but highlights cases in which,specific regional and sector aspects are also very important

Effectiveness of a 16-month multicomponent and environmental schoolbased intervention for recovery of poor income overweight/obese children and adolescents: study protocol of the health multipliers program

Background: Excess of weight is a serious public health concern in almost all countries, afflicting people of different ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. Studies have indicated the need for developing treatment strategies that intervene directly in the obesogenic environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component and environmental school-based intervention, lasting 16 months, on the recovery of the nutritional status of lowincome children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. Methods/study design: The study was conducted by the Center for Recovery and Nutritional Education (CREN) in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Two schools located in poor neighborhoods were selected for the intervention, between March 2016 and June 2017. The participants were all students aged 8 to 12 years fromthe two participating schools. At the beginning of the intervention, anthropometric measurements were carried out to assess the nutritional status of the students. For convenience, students from one of the schools were considered as the control group, while those from the other school formed the experimental group. The intervention in the experimental group (n = 438) consists of the following weekly activities at school: psychological counseling in groups, theoretical/practical nutrition workshops, and supervised physical education classes. In addition, theoretical and practical educational activities are held regularly for parents, teachers, and cooks. Students with excess of weight (>= 1 body mass index [BMI] - for-age Z score, n = 138) received clinical and nutritional care periodically at the outpatient care at CREN. Students enrolled in the control group (n = 353) participated in psychological counseling groups and theoretical/practical nutrition workshops for 6 months held in the school environment to provide motivation to entire classrooms. In the following 10 months, students with excess of weight from the control group (n = 125) were invited to attend the routine outpatient care at CREN. Discussion: This study is the first to assess the effectiveness of a multi-component and environmental school-based intervention for the recovery of low-income, overweight/obese children and adolescents. If positive, the results demonstrate the feasibility for the recovery of excess of weight in populations of similar conditions and age.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Physiol, Rua Botucatu 862,2 Andar,Vila Clementino, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Hlth & Soc Inst, Dept Publ Hlth & Collect Hlth, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Pediat, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilCREN, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUNIFESP, Hlth & Soc Inst, Dept Publ Hlth & Collect Hlth, Santos, SP, BrazilUNIFESP, Dept Human Movement Sci, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Dept Comp Sci, Inst Math & Stat, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Nephrol, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Physiol, Rua Botucatu 862,2 Andar,Vila Clementino, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Hlth & Soc Inst, Dept Publ Hlth & Collect Hlth, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Pediat, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUNIFESP, Hlth & Soc Inst, Dept Publ Hlth & Collect Hlth, Santos, SP, BrazilUNIFESP, Dept Human Movement Sci, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Nephrol, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2014/22351-2Web of Scienc

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery