Taxonomy based on science is necessary for global conservation

Peer reviewe

New relevant chorological and conservation data on Carex (Cyperaceae) and Hypericum (Hypericaceae) from Ecuador

Background Knowledge of Carex L. (true sedges) and Hypericum L. (St. John's wort) in the Neotropics is fragmentary. New information As a result of a fieldwork campaign in Ecuador and revision of herbarium collections (K, QCA and QCNE), we present here relevant records of twelve Carex (Cyperaceae) and four Hypericum (Hypericaceae) species. Regarding Carex, we present the novel report for South America of C. aztecica, as well as the first Ecuadorian records for C. brehmeri, C. collumanthus, C. fecunda, C. melanocystis and C. punicola. The three later records have additional biogeographical significance, as they represent the new northern limit of these species. We also include observations for another five species included in the Ecuadorian Red List of Endemic Plants. As a result, the list of native Carex reported for Ecuador would now include 52 taxa. With regard to Hypericum, we include the new report of H. sprucei for the province of Bolívar, and the confirmation of the presence of three rare species (H. acostanum, H. matangense, H. prietoi) in their type localities, although with extremely low population sizes. We discuss their conservation status and implication

New relevant chorological and conservation data on Carex (Cyperaceae) and Hypericum (Hypericaceae) from Ecuador

Knowledge of Carex L. (true sedges) and Hypericum L. (St. John's wort) in the Neotropics is fragmentary.As a result of a fieldwork campaign in Ecuador and revision of herbarium collections (K, QCA and QCNE), we present here relevant records of twelve Carex (Cyperaceae) and four Hypericum (Hypericaceae) species. Regarding Carex, we present the novel report for South America of C. aztecica, as well as the first Ecuadorian records for C. brehmeri, C. collumanthus, C. fecunda, C. melanocystis and C. punicola. The three later records have additional biogeographical significance, as they represent the new northern limit of these species. We also include observations for another five species included in the Ecuadorian Red List of Endemic Plants. As a result, the list of native Carex reported for Ecuador would now include 52 taxa. With regard to Hypericum, we include the new report of H. sprucei for the province of Bolívar, and the confirmation of the presence of three rare species (H. acostanum, H. matangense, H. prietoi) in their type localities, although with extremely low population sizes. We discuss their conservation status and implications

Quality of clinical practice guidelines about red blood cell transfusion

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are essential in health care. The quality of recommendations included in clinical practice guidelines (CPG), regarding this intervention, has not been systematically evaluated. This paper systematically assessed CPGs for RBC-transfusion, to appraise their methodological quality, to explore changes in quality over time, and to assess the consistency of the hemoglobin threshold (HT) recommendations. We searched for CPGs that included recommendations of RBC-transfusion in generic databases, compiler entities, registries, clearinghouses and guideline developers. Three reviewers extracted data on CPGs characteristics and HT recommendations, independently appraised the quality of the studies using AGREE II and resolved disagreements by consensus. We examined 16 CPGs. Mean scores (mean ± SD) were: scope and purpose (59.4% ± 19.8%), stakeholder involvement (43.2% ± 22.6%), rigor of development (50% ± 25%), clarity of presentation (74.4% ± 12.6%), applicability (19.4% ± 18.8%), and editorial independence (41% ± 30%). Seven CPGs recommended a restrictive strategy for RBC transfusion; four CPGs gave a guarded statement considering an HT of 7 g/dL, as safe to prescribe an RBC transfusion. Eight CPGs did not provide an HT stating that RBC transfusions should not be prescribed by HT alone. Only 3 out of the 16 evaluated CPGs were "recommended" by the independent evaluators. Four domains "stakeholder involvement," "rigor of development," applicability," and "editorial independence" had serious shortcomings. Recommendations about the use of an HT for RBC-transfusion were heterogeneous among guidelines. Greater efforts are needed to provide high-quality CPGs in the RBC-transfusion practice

Quality of clinical practice guidelines about red blood cell transfusion

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are essential in health care. The quality of recommendations included in clinical practice guidelines (CPG), regarding this intervention, has not been systematically evaluated. This paper systematically assessed CPGs for RBC-transfusion, to appraise their methodological quality, to explore changes in quality over time, and to assess the consistency of the hemoglobin threshold (HT) recommendations. We searched for CPGs that included recommendations of RBC-transfusion in generic databases, compiler entities, registries, clearinghouses and guideline developers. Three reviewers extracted data on CPGs characteristics and HT recommendations, independently appraised the quality of the studies using AGREE II and resolved disagreements by consensus. We examined 16 CPGs. Mean scores (mean ± SD) were: scope and purpose (59.4% ± 19.8%), stakeholder involvement (43.2% ± 22.6%), rigor of development (50% ± 25%), clarity of presentation (74.4% ± 12.6%), applicability (19.4% ± 18.8%), and editorial independence (41% ± 30%). Seven CPGs recommended a restrictive strategy for RBC transfusion; four CPGs gave a guarded statement considering an HT of 7 g/dL, as safe to prescribe an RBC transfusion. Eight CPGs did not provide an HT stating that RBC transfusions should not be prescribed by HT alone. Only 3 out of the 16 evaluated CPGs were "recommended" by the independent evaluators. Four domains "stakeholder involvement," "rigor of development," applicability," and "editorial independence" had serious shortcomings. Recommendations about the use of an HT for RBC-transfusion were heterogeneous among guidelines. Greater efforts are needed to provide high-quality CPGs in the RBC-transfusion practice

[Carta de España]

Min. 0.57: Homenaje por la muerte del General Filipino Emilio Aguinaldo con un acto conmemorativo en el Instituto de Cultura Hispánica, estracto de la Conferencia que Blas Piñar dió con motivo de su encuentro en Manila en 1952 -- Min. 07.46: Homenaje a Federico Moreno Torroba con una pieza suya Concierto de Castilla para guitarra y orquesta -- Min. 10.33: Hacienda crea en el Patronato de Igualdad de Oportunidades dos fondos: Fondo de educación y Fondo de Trabajo de éste último habla el Director General de Trabajo Alonso Oleas -- Min. 13.43: Música de Augusto Algueró Adiós a España interpretada por la Orquesta de Cámara de Madrid -- Min. 16.22: Reportaje sobre moda para hombres, habla el Secretario General del Consejo Español de Sastres el Sr. Herrera -- Min. 17.58: Los 4 Brujos interpretan Que lindo es -- Min. 19.59: Tomás Borrás, periodista comenta su obra -- Min. 23.44: Posdata de novedades: Descubierto el Monumento a Rubén Darío en Málaga. Datos de consumo del pollo en España. Madrid la capital europea más barata. Aumenta las matriculaciones de coches. Un pueblo de Álava, Arenaza con un solo habitante. Concentración de escuelas en Vizcaya. El campo español consume menos abonos a causa de los precios. Datos de la producción lanera y agrícola. Aumenta el número de habitantes en Madrid -- Min. 27.05: DespedidaPeriodistas: Aurora de Andrés, José Luis Izaguirre y Eufrasio Zúñiga. Entrevistados: Blas Piñar. Alonso Oleas. Orquesta de Cámara de Madrid. Los 4 Brujos. Tomás Borrá

[Carta de España]

Periodistas: Aurora de Andrés, José Luis Izaguirre y Eufrasio Zúñiga. Entrevistados: Blas Piñar. Alonso Oleas. Orquesta de Cámara de Madrid. Los 4 Brujos. Tomás BorrásMin. 0.57: Homenaje por la muerte del General Filipino Emilio Aguinaldo con un acto conmemorativo en el Instituto de Cultura Hispánica, estracto de la Conferencia que Blas Piñar dió con motivo de su encuentro en Manila en 1952 -- Min. 07.46: Homenaje a Federico Moreno Torroba con una pieza suya Concierto de Castilla para guitarra y orquesta -- Min. 10.33: Hacienda crea en el Patronato de Igualdad de Oportunidades dos fondos: Fondo de educación y Fondo de Trabajo de éste último habla el Director General de Trabajo Alonso Oleas -- Min. 13.43: Música de Augusto Algueró Adiós a España interpretada por la Orquesta de Cámara de Madrid -- Min. 16.22: Reportaje sobre moda para hombres, habla el Secretario General del Consejo Español de Sastres el Sr. Herrera -- Min. 17.58: Los 4 Brujos interpretan Que lindo es -- Min. 19.59: Tomás Borrás, periodista comenta su obra -- Min. 23.44: Posdata de novedades: Descubierto el Monumento a Rubén Darío en Málaga. Datos de consumo del pollo en España. Madrid la capital europea más barata. Aumenta las matriculaciones de coches. Un pueblo de Álava, Arenaza con un solo habitante. Concentración de escuelas en Vizcaya. El campo español consume menos abonos a causa de los precios. Datos de la producción lanera y agrícola. Aumenta el número de habitantes en Madrid -- Min. 27.05: Despedid

América Latina y el Caribe : perspectivas de desarrollo y coincidencias para la transformación del Estado

Este libro "América Latina y el Caribe: Perspectivas de Desarrollo y Coincidencias para la Transformación del Estado" constituye un informe coordinado por la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO) para aportar con conocimientos académicos a la XXI Cumbre Iberoamericana que se realizará en Asunción, en octubre de 2011, bajo el lema "Transformación del Estado y Desarrollo", como parte de los esfuerzos que realiza FLACSO en seguimiento a la solicitud que, a finales de 2010, el Gobierno de la República del Paraguay le hizo para apoyar la realización de actividades y la disposición de insumos que propongan análisis y recomendaciones que conduzcan al desarrollo y la integración de la región. En esta publicación participan figuras académicas latinoamericanas, que, a partir de su expertise, aportan con acercamientos innovadores y alternativos a las discusiones sobre la Transformación del Estado y el desarrollo