Minimal upstream open reading frame of Per2 mediates phase fitness of the circadian clock to day/night physiological body temperature rhythm

全身の体内リズムを調和させるRNA配列の発見 --体温の日内変化に合わせてしなやかに調和させる--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-03-07.Body temperature in homeothermic animals does not remain constant but displays a regular circadian fluctuation within a physiological range (e.g., 35°C–38.5°C in mice), constituting a fundamental systemic signal to harmonize circadian clock-regulated physiology. Here, we find the minimal upstream open reading frame (uORF) encoded by the 5′ UTR of the mammalian core clock gene Per2 and reveal its role as a regulatory module for temperature-dependent circadian clock entrainment. A temperature shift within the physiological range does not affect transcription but instead increases translation of Per2 through its minimal uORF. Genetic ablation of the Per2 minimal uORF and inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, lying upstream of temperature-dependent Per2 protein synthesis, perturb the entrainment of cells to simulated body temperature cycles. At the organismal level, Per2 minimal uORF mutant skin shows delayed wound healing, indicating that uORF-mediated Per2 modulation is crucial for optimal tissue homeostasis. Combined with transcriptional regulation, Per2 minimal uORF-mediated translation may enhance the fitness of circadian physiology

Mapping dusty star formation in and around a cluster at z=0.81 by wide-field imaging with AKARI

We present environmental dependence of dusty star forming activity in and around the cluster RXJ1716.4+6708 at z=0.81 based on wide-field and multi-wavelength observations with Suprime-Cam on the Subaru telescope and IRC onboard the AKARI satellite. Our optical data shows that the optical colour distribution of galaxies starts to dramatically change from blue to red at the medium-density environment such as cluster outskirts, groups and filaments. By combining with infrared data, we find that 15 micron galaxies tend to have optical colours between the red sequence and the blue cloud with a tail into the red sequence. The spatial distribution of the 15 micron galaxies over ~200 arcmin^2 around the cluster reveals that few 15 micron galaxies are detected in the cluster central region. This is probably due to the low star forming activity in the cluster core. However, interestingly, the fraction of 15 micron galaxies in the medium-density environments is as high as in the low-density field, despite the fact that the optical colours start to change in the medium-density environments. Furthermore, we find that 15 micron galaxies which have optically red colours (candidates for dusty red galaxies) and galaxies with high specific star formation rates are also concentrated in the medium-density environment. These results imply that the star forming activity in galaxies in groups and filaments is enhanced due to some environmental effects specific to the medium-density environment, and such a phenomenon is probably directly connected to the truncation of star forming activity in galaxies seen as the dramatic change in optical colours in such environments.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

新しい介護負担評価尺度(ABC-16)の妥当性

目的：本研究の目的は、新たに作成された自己記入式介護負担評価尺度(ABC-16) の妥当性を検討することである方法：対象者は、第1群では51名（平均年齢63±11歳）、第2群では31名（平均年齢58±14歳）の家族介護者である。結果：第1群におけるABC-16総計の平均点は14.98±7.52であった。第1群では高い妥当性（内的整合性、α=0.821) を示し、かつ4つの領域間に有意の相関が得られた(P<0.05)。重回帰分析によりABC-16と介護者のQOL (P=0.034) および夜間介護(P=0.001) とにおいて強い関連が見られた。第2群は第1群の結果とほぽ同様の結果が得られ、ABC-16の交差妥当性のあることが示唆された。結論： ABC-16は高い妥当性を有する大変優れた介護負担評価尺度であることが示された。Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the validation of a newly developed self-administered assessment of the burden on caregivers (ABC-16). Methods: The subjects were 51 family caregivers (mean age 63 ± 11 years) for the first trial and 31 family caregivers (mean age 58 ± 14 years) for the second trial. The ABC-16 consists of 16 items and is designed to cover 4 dimensions (the care receiver\u27s burden, burden on social life, financial burden, and burden on health). Results: In the first trial, the mean and standard deviation of the total score of the ABC-16 was 14.98 ± 7.52. The first trial showed high reliability; the internal consistency was α=0.821 and significant correlations among the four dimensions were found (P<0.05). A multiple regression analysis showed strong correlations between the ABC-16 and the QOL of the caregivers (P=0.034), and the caregiving during the night (P=0.001). The second trial showed findings similar to those in the first trial, which suggested the good cross validation of the ABC-16. Conclusions: It is suggested that the ABC-16 is an excellent tool for assessing the care burden with high validity

Vanadyl sulfates:molecular structure, magnetism and electrochemical activity

Reaction of differing amounts of vanadyl sulfate with p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]areneH4 and base allows access to the vanadyl-sulfate species [NEt4]4[(VO)4(3-OH)4(SO4)4]∙1/2H2O (1), [HNEt3]5[(VO)5(3-O)4(SO4)4]∙4MeCN (2∙4MeCN) and [NEt4]2[(VO)6(O)2(SO4)4(OMe)(OH2)]∙MeCN (3∙MeCN). Similar use of p-tert-butylsulfonylcalix[4]areneH4, p-tert-butylcalix[8]areneH8 or p-tert-butylhexahomotrioxacalix[3]areneH3 led to the isolation of [HNEt3]2[H2NEt2]2[VO(OMe)]2p-tert-butylcalix[8-SO2]areneH2] (4), [HNEt3]2[V(O)2p-tert-butylcalix[8]areneH5] (5) and [HNEt3]2[VIV2VV4O11(OMe)8] (6), respectively. Dc magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed on powdered microcrystalline samples of 1-3 in the T = 300 - 2 K temperature range. Preliminary screening for electrochemical water oxidation revealed some activity for 2 with turnover frequency (TOF) and number (TON) of 2.2 × 10-4 s-1 and 6.44 × 10-6 (mmol O2 / mmol cat.), respectively. The compound 3 showed an improved electrochemical activity in the presence of water. This is related to the increased number and the rate of electrons exchanged during oxidation of V4+ species, facilitated by protons generated in the water discharge process

根治的前立腺全摘例の臨床病理学的検討 : 少数例施設の妥当性

A total of 161 patients underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy at our 11 institutions in the three-year period from January 2001 to December 2003. The numbers per institution ranged from 1-36, with 5 institutions conducting 20 or more (131 cases), and 6 performing less than 15 (30 cases). Here we examined the differences in operation parameters and patient outcome between these two groups. Time for surgery, associated loss of blood, lymphadenectomy, preservation of neurovascular bundles, time for removal of indwelling catheters, post-operation complications, and subsequent urinary incontinence, were assessed. There were no differences between the two groups of hospitals, except with regard to surgery time and incontinence, where the period to 'pad-free' was an average of more than 40 days longer in institutions undertaking only a small number of operations. From our experience with radical retropubic prostatectomy, series of hospitals, there is no reduction in safety with such intervention performed by institutions undertaking only a small number of operations.われわれの関連病院における, 根治的前立腺全摘例での少数例施設の妥当性についてレトロスペクティブに検討した。2001年1月から2003年12月までの3年間に施行した11施設, 161例の根治的前立腺全摘例を対象とした。1施設あたりの症例数は1例から36例で, 20症例以上の5施設131例と, 14例以下の6施設30症例で2群間での比較検討を行った。手術時間, 出血量, リンパ節郭清の有無, 神経温存の有無, カテーテル留置期間, 術後合併症, 術後尿失禁の状態について検討した。その結果, 手術時間の有意な延長と, パットフリーになるまでの期間が少数例の施設において平均で40日以上長くかかった。他のすべての項目においては有意な差はなかった。以上の結果から, われわれの関連病院における根治的前立腺全摘術は, 少数例の施設においては術後尿失禁の程度はやや劣るものの, 安全に施行されていることが示唆された。(著者抄録

種々のレクチン染色によるヒト膀胱癌の免疫組織化学的解析

51例の膀胱癌症例の組織型の内訳は, 移行上皮癌(TCC) 44例(G1 15例;G2 17例;G3 12例), 扁平上皮癌(SCC) 7例であり, ホルマリンないしカルノア液にて固定後に以下の10種類のレクチン染色を行った。concanavalin agglutinin (Con A), soybean agglutinin (SBA), Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LTA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Ricinus communis agglutinin 1 (RCA1), Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1, 2 (UEA-1, 2), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Pisum sativum agglutinin (PEA)。カルノア固定で, TCCでCon A, UEA-1, WGA, UEA-2では正の相関傾向が, DBAでは負の相関傾向が見られタ。ホルマリン固定では, RCA1にのみある程度の正の相関傾向を認めたA lectin immunohistochemical analysis of 51 human bladder carcinomas, including 44 cases of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) (G1, 15 cases; G2, 17 cases; G3, 12 cases) and 7 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), was performed. Tissues were obtained by cold punch biopsies, fixed in Carnoy's or 10% formalin solution, stained for binding of 10 different lectins, and evaluated under the light microscope. The lectins used were concanavalin agglutinin (Con A), soybean agglutinin (SBA), Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LTA), Dolichos biflorusa agglutinin (DBA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA1), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, II (UEA-I, II), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Pisum sativum agglutinin (PEA). TCC prepared with Carnoy's fixation tended to show moderately positive Con A, UEA-I, and WGA reactions for G1, and strongly positive reactions for G2 and G3 lesions. UEA-II was mainly negative in G1, but tended to increase to become moderate in G3. DBA tended to show a moderately positive reaction in G1 and G2, but was mainly negative in G3. With formalin fixation, only RCA1 demonstrated grade specific variation, tendency to react moderately in the G1 and G2 cases, and strongly in G3. There were no further differences among the histopathological grades of TCC for other lectins. Thus, Carnoy's fixation appears superior for distinguishing between grades of lesions. SCC tended to react more strongly than TCC with all the various lectins except PEA, independent of fixation

ラットCyclophosphamide誘発出血性膀胱炎に対するChitosan膀胱内注入効果の検討

100mg/kgのcyclophosphamideを腹腔内投与することにより, 出血性膀胱炎を誘発し, chitosan (0.3ml)を膀胱内注入し, 検討した結果, cyclophosphamide投与1時間後の投与群において死亡率の減少と, 肉眼的膀胱出血, 壊死および炎症の発生率の低下が認められた。膀胱炎発生後のchitosan膀胱内注入は, 特に繰り返し施行した場合, cyclophosphamideによる変化を悪化させる傾向がみられた。cyclophosphamide投与1時間後の投与群では, chitosanは出血性膀胱炎の発生を抑制する可能性が示唆された。さらに, cyclophosphamideによる腎の変化も認められたHemorrhagic cystitis is a common problem following cyclophosphamide or radiation therapy. Chitosan has been shown to be an effective hemostatic agent and promoter of wound healing in animal experiments. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of intravesical chitosan in an animal model of cyclophosphamide cystitis. Hemorrhagic cystitis was induced in female F344 rats by intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide, 100 mg/kg. Chitosan solution (0.3 ml) was instilled intravesically on day 1 (Group 1), on days 1, 3, and 5 (Group 2), or 1 hour after the administration of cyclophosphamide (Group 3). The rats in group 4 were treated with chitosan diluent on day 1 after cyclophosphamide, and the rats in group 5 received intravesical chitosan without cyclophosphamide. Sequential examination revealed decreased mortality and lower incidences of severe bladder bleeding, necrosis and inflammation in Group 3. Treatment delayed until after the appearance of the cystitis, especially repeated treatments, appeared to make the cyclophosphamide-induced changes worse. Used within 1 hour of cyclophosphamide administration, before the cystitis develops, chitosan seemed to have the possibility to inhibit the appearance of hemorrhagic cystitis. In addition to the changes in the bladder, severe changes occurred in the kidneys secondary to cyclophosphamide