The Problem of Computer Piracy

The problem of illegal downloading is widely spread in the modern world. There are various reasons lying behind the desire to get some paid software or programs free of charge. The most popular are the following: - it is fast and convenient due to special computer or Internet programs so there is no need to wait until the paid product is delivered or go somewhere to buy it; - it is free, so people save considerable amount of money especially in the countries with low incomes; - it is not strictly punished to download and use pirate programs; - many other people do it

Adaptive Impact Factor Research Concerning Effectiveness of the Introduction and use of Digital Twins for Oil and Gas Deposits

In recent years, there have been significant changes in the conditions of oil production leading to an increase in its cost and wasteful use of resources. This necessitates the search for a system of adaptive factors that can adapt to environmental changes, affect the cost reduction and increase in the efficiency of oil and gas fields. Studies show that this problem needs to be solved on the basis of the creation of digital oil or gas fields being digital counterparts of existing enterprises, which allow preserving nature and use resources economically due to the existing field development at a new qualitative level. However, the transformation of existing fields through their transformation into digital oil or gas fields requires serious justification, and above all, from a financial and economic points of view. At the same time, one should in no case ignore the natural factor contributing to saving, restoring the used oil and gas resources and preserving the external space being the human environment. The purpose of this study is to develop recommendations for assessing the economic efficiency of the implementation of the project concerning a digital oil or gas field being a digital twin of oil or gas enterprise, and their use in practice. Such an assessment will be carried out based on the analysis of the ratio between capital investments and operating costs necessary to create a digital oil or gas field, as well as by comparing the expected costs and benefits derived from its use

Characteristics of Clinico-pathologic Presentations of Chronic Gastroduodenitis in Children with Lambliasis Invasion

The analysis of anamnestic and clinical indices, and also morphological investigation of biopsy materials of mucous coat of stomach and duodenum in children with chronic gastroduodenitis of different etiology including lambliasis invasion is carried out with the purpose of detecting features of clinicopathologic presentations of chronic gastroduodenitis in children with and without lambliasis invasion. Material and methods. 100 patients (50 children with confirmed lambliasis invasion and 50 patients without lambliasis invasion) aged from 2 up to 16 were under observation. The material for histologic study was received as a result of fibrogastroduodenoscopy carried out with target biopsy of fundic, antrum and duodenum mucosa. Results. As a result of the findings moderate pains sited in epigastric and periumbilical regions are characteristic for children with lambliasis invasion; irradiation and cramping characteristics of pains are typical. Conclusion. Manifestation of pains is not connected with the time of day and food intake, manifestation of seasonal prevalence is not typical as well, and progression of inflammatory process in the mucous coat of the stomach and duodenum is declared itself as a diffuse gastritis of the fundic part, a diffuse gastritis of the antral part, subatrophic duodenitis with cyst formation of Brunner's glands, and also the presence of eosinophilic leucocytes in the cellular infiltrat

Radiation hardness of polysiloxane-based scintillators

Polysiloxane-based scintillators with different contant of aromatic chromophore groups have been obtained. 2,5-diphenyloxazole and its alkyl derivative were used as activators. The optical and scintillation properties of the obtained polysiloxane scintillators have been studied, and their radiation resistance has been determined. The prospect of using the material in fields with high dose loads is estimated.Отримано сцинтилятори на полісилоксанових основах, що містять у своєму складі різну кількість ароматичних хромофорних груп. Як активатори використано 2,5-дифенілоксазол і його алкілпохідне. Вивчено оптичні та сцинтиляційні властивості отриманих полісилоксанових сцинтиляторів, визначена їх радіаційна стійкість. Оцінено перспективу використання матеріалу в полях з великими дозовими навантаженнями.Получены сцинтилляторы на полисилоксановых основах, содержащих в своем составе разное количество ароматических хромофорных групп. В качестве активаторов использовано 2,5-дифенилоксазол и его алкилпроизводное. Изучены оптические и сцинтилляционные свойства полученных полисилоксановых сцинтилляторов, определена их радиационная стойкость. Оценена перспектива использования материала в полях с большими дозовыми нагрузками

Radiation hardness of polysiloxane-based scintillators

Polysiloxane-based scintillators with different contant of aromatic chromophore groups have been obtained. 2,5-diphenyloxazole and its alkyl derivative were used as activators. The optical and scintillation properties of the obtained polysiloxane scintillators have been studied, and their radiation resistance has been determined. The prospect of using the material in fields with high dose loads is estimated.Отримано сцинтилятори на полісилоксанових основах, що містять у своєму складі різну кількість ароматичних хромофорних груп. Як активатори використано 2,5-дифенілоксазол і його алкілпохідне. Вивчено оптичні та сцинтиляційні властивості отриманих полісилоксанових сцинтиляторів, визначена їх радіаційна стійкість. Оцінено перспективу використання матеріалу в полях з великими дозовими навантаженнями.Получены сцинтилляторы на полисилоксановых основах, содержащих в своем составе разное количество ароматических хромофорных групп. В качестве активаторов использованы 2,5-дифенилоксазол и его алкилпроизводное. Изучены оптические и сцинтилляционные свойства полученных полисилоксановых сцинтилляторов, определена их радиационная стойкость. Оценена перспектива использования материала в полях с большими дозовыми нагрузками

3D heterotic string theory: new approach and extremal solutions

We develop a new formalism for the bosonic sector of low-energy heterotic string theory toroidally compactified to three dimensions. This formalism is based on the use of some single non-quadratic real matrix potential which transforms linearly under the action of subgroup of the three-dimensional charging symmetries. We formulate a new charging symmetry invariant approach for the symmetry generation and straightforward construction of asymptotically flat solutions. Finally, using the developed approach and the established formal analogy between the heterotic and Einstein-Maxwell theories, we construct a general class of the heterotic string theory extremal solutions of the Israel-Wilson-Perjes type. This class is asymptotically flat and charging symmetry complete; it includes the extremal solutions constructed before and possesses the non-trivial bosonic string theory limit.Comment: 20 pages in Late

Single Spin Asymmetry ANA_N in Polarized Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at s=200\sqrt{s}=200 GeV

We report a high precision measurement of the transverse single spin asymmetry $A_N$ at the center of mass energy $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV in elastic proton-proton scattering by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The $A_N$ was measured in the four-momentum transfer squared $t$ range $0.003 \leqslant |t| \leqslant 0.035$ \GeVcSq, the region of a significant interference between the electromagnetic and hadronic scattering amplitudes. The measured values of $A_N$ and its $t$-dependence are consistent with a vanishing hadronic spin-flip amplitude, thus providing strong constraints on the ratio of the single spin-flip to the non-flip amplitudes. Since the hadronic amplitude is dominated by the Pomeron amplitude at this $\sqrt{s}$, we conclude that this measurement addresses the question about the presence of a hadronic spin flip due to the Pomeron exchange in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

High pTp_{T} non-photonic electron production in pp+pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 200 GeV

We present the measurement of non-photonic electron production at high transverse momentum ($p_T >$ 2.5 GeV/$c$) in $p$ + $p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV using data recorded during 2005 and 2008 by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured cross-sections from the two runs are consistent with each other despite a large difference in photonic background levels due to different detector configurations. We compare the measured non-photonic electron cross-sections with previously published RHIC data and pQCD calculations. Using the relative contributions of B and D mesons to non-photonic electrons, we determine the integrated cross sections of electrons ($\frac{e^++e^-}{2}$) at 3 GeV/$c < p_T <~$10 GeV/$c$ from bottom and charm meson decays to be ${d\sigma_{(B\to e)+(B\to D \to e)} \over dy_e}|_{y_e=0}$ = 4.0$\pm0.5$({\rm stat.})$\pm1.1$({\rm syst.}) nb and ${d\sigma_{D\to e} \over dy_e}|_{y_e=0}$ = 6.2$\pm0.7$({\rm stat.})$\pm1.5$({\rm syst.}) nb, respectively.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figure

Evolution of the differential transverse momentum correlation function with centrality in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV

We present first measurements of the evolution of the differential transverse momentum correlation function, {\it C}, with collision centrality in Au+Au interactions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. {\it C} exhibits a strong dependence on collision centrality that is qualitatively similar to that of number correlations previously reported. We use the observed longitudinal broadening of the near-side peak of {\it C} with increasing centrality to estimate the ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density, $\eta/s$, of the matter formed in central Au+Au interactions. We obtain an upper limit estimate of $\eta/s$ that suggests that the produced medium has a small viscosity per unit entropy.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, STAR paper published in Phys. Lett.

Longitudinal scaling property of the charge balance function in Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV

We present measurements of the charge balance function, from the charged particles, for diverse pseudorapidity and transverse momentum ranges in Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV using the STAR detector at RHIC. We observe that the balance function is boost-invariant within the pseudorapidity coverage [-1.3, 1.3]. The balance function properly scaled by the width of the observed pseudorapidity window does not depend on the position or size of the pseudorapidity window. This scaling property also holds for particles in different transverse momentum ranges. In addition, we find that the width of the balance function decreases monotonically with increasing transverse momentum for all centrality classes.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure