996 research outputs found

    Pleosporales

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    One hundred and five generic types of Pleosporales are described and illustrated. A brief introduction and detailed history with short notes on morphology, molecular phylogeny as well as a general conclusion of each genus are provided. For those genera where the type or a representative specimen is unavailable, a brief note is given. Altogether 174 genera of Pleosporales are treated. Phaeotrichaceae as well as Kriegeriella, Zeuctomorpha and Muroia are excluded from Pleosporales. Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis, the suborder Massarineae is emended to accommodate five families, viz. Lentitheciaceae, Massarinaceae, Montagnulaceae, Morosphaeriaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae

    Prion Protein Modulates Cellular Iron Uptake: A Novel Function with Implications for Prion Disease Pathogenesis

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    Converging evidence leaves little doubt that a change in the conformation of prion protein (PrPC) from a mainly α-helical to a β-sheet rich PrP-scrapie (PrPSc) form is the main event responsible for prion disease associated neurotoxicity. However, neither the mechanism of toxicity by PrPSc, nor the normal function of PrPC is entirely clear. Recent reports suggest that imbalance of iron homeostasis is a common feature of prion infected cells and mouse models, implicating redox-iron in prion disease pathogenesis. In this report, we provide evidence that PrPC mediates cellular iron uptake and transport, and mutant PrP forms alter cellular iron levels differentially. Using human neuroblastoma cells as models, we demonstrate that over-expression of PrPC increases intra-cellular iron relative to non-transfected controls as indicated by an increase in total cellular iron, the cellular labile iron pool (LIP), and iron content of ferritin. As a result, the levels of iron uptake proteins transferrin (Tf) and transferrin receptor (TfR) are decreased, and expression of iron storage protein ferritin is increased. The positive effect of PrPC on ferritin iron content is enhanced by stimulating PrPC endocytosis, and reversed by cross-linking PrPC on the plasma membrane. Expression of mutant PrP forms lacking the octapeptide-repeats, the membrane anchor, or carrying the pathogenic mutation PrP102L decreases ferritin iron content significantly relative to PrPC expressing cells, but the effect on cellular LIP and levels of Tf, TfR, and ferritin is complex, varying with the mutation. Neither PrPC nor the mutant PrP forms influence the rate or amount of iron released into the medium, suggesting a functional role for PrPC in cellular iron uptake and transport to ferritin, and dysfunction of PrPC as a significant contributing factor of brain iron imbalance in prion disorders

    Measurement of the Branching Fraction for B- --> D0 K*-

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    We present a measurement of the branching fraction for the decay B- --> D0 K*- using a sample of approximately 86 million BBbar pairs collected by the BaBar detector from e+e- collisions near the Y(4S) resonance. The D0 is detected through its decays to K- pi+, K- pi+ pi0 and K- pi+ pi- pi+, and the K*- through its decay to K0S pi-. We measure the branching fraction to be B.F.(B- --> D0 K*-)= (6.3 +/- 0.7(stat.) +/- 0.5(syst.)) x 10^{-4}.Comment: 7 pages, 1 postscript figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. D (Rapid Communications

    Measurement of Mass and Width of the W Boson at LEP

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    We report on measurements of the mass and total decay width of the W boson with the L3 detector at LEP. W-pair events produced in e+e\mathrm{e^+e^-} interactions between 161 GeV and 183 GeV centre-of-mass energy are selected in a data sample corresponding to a total luminosity of 76.7 pb1^{-1}. Combining all final states in W-pair production, the mass and total decay width of the W boson are determined to be MW=80.61±0.15\mathrm{M_W}=80.61\pm0.15 GeV and ΓW=1.97±0.38\Gamma_{\mathrm{W}}=1.97\pm0.38 GeV, respectively

    Study of e+e- --> pi+ pi- pi0 process using initial state radiation with BABAR

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    The process e+e- --> pi+ pi- pi0 gamma has been studied at a center-of-mass energy near the Y(4S) resonance using a 89.3 fb-1 data sample collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II collider. From the measured 3pi mass spectrum we have obtained the products of branching fractions for the omega and phi mesons, B(omega --> e+e-)B(omega --> 3pi)=(6.70 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.27)10-5 and B(phi --> e+e-)B(phi --> 3pi)=(4.30 +/- 0.08 +/- 0.21)10-5, and evaluated the e+e- --> pi+ pi- pi0 cross section for the e+e- center-of-mass energy range 1.05 to 3.00 GeV. About 900 e+e- --> J/psi gamma --> pi+ pi- pi0 gamma events have been selected and the branching fraction B(J/psi --> pi+ pi- pi0)=(2.18 +/- 0.19)% has been measured.Comment: 21 pages, 37 postscript figues, submitted to Phys. Rev.

    Measurement of the branching fraction and CP content for the decay B(0) -> D(*+)D(*-)

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    This is the pre-print version of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the links below. Copyright @ 2002 APS.We report a measurement of the branching fraction of the decay B0→D*+D*- and of the CP-odd component of its final state using the BABAR detector. With data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.4  fb-1 collected at the Υ(4S) resonance during 1999–2000, we have reconstructed 38 candidate signal events in the mode B0→D*+D*- with an estimated background of 6.2±0.5 events. From these events, we determine the branching fraction to be B(B0→D*+D*-)=[8.3±1.6(stat)±1.2(syst)]×10-4. The measured CP-odd fraction of the final state is 0.22±0.18(stat)±0.03(syst).This work is supported by DOE and NSF (USA), NSERC (Canada), IHEP (China), CEA and CNRS-IN2P3 (France), BMBF (Germany), INFN (Italy), NFR (Norway), MIST (Russia), and PPARC (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the A.P. Sloan Foundation, Research Corporation, and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation

    Evidence for the Rare Decay B -> K*ll and Measurement of the B -> Kll Branching Fraction

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    We present evidence for the flavor-changing neutral current decay BK+B\to K^*\ell^+\ell^- and a measurement of the branching fraction for the related process BK+B\to K\ell^+\ell^-, where +\ell^+\ell^- is either an e+ee^+e^- or μ+μ\mu^+\mu^- pair. These decays are highly suppressed in the Standard Model, and they are sensitive to contributions from new particles in the intermediate state. The data sample comprises 123×106123\times 10^6 Υ(4S)BBˉ\Upsilon(4S)\to B\bar{B} decays collected with the Babar detector at the PEP-II e+ee^+e^- storage ring. Averaging over K()K^{(*)} isospin and lepton flavor, we obtain the branching fractions B(BK+)=(0.650.13+0.14±0.04)×106{\mathcal B}(B\to K\ell^+\ell^-)=(0.65^{+0.14}_{-0.13}\pm 0.04)\times 10^{-6} and B(BK+)=(0.880.29+0.33±0.10)×106{\mathcal B}(B\to K^*\ell^+\ell^-)=(0.88^{+0.33}_{-0.29}\pm 0.10)\times 10^{-6}, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The significance of the BK+B\to K\ell^+\ell^- signal is over 8σ8\sigma, while for BK+B\to K^*\ell^+\ell^- it is 3.3σ3.3\sigma.Comment: 7 pages, 2 postscript figues, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

    A Study of Time-Dependent CP-Violating Asymmetries and Flavor Oscillations in Neutral B Decays at the Upsilon(4S)

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    We present a measurement of time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in neutral B meson decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The data sample consists of 29.7 fb1{\rm fb}^{-1} recorded at the Υ(4S)\Upsilon(4S) resonance and 3.9 fb1{\rm fb}^{-1} off-resonance. One of the neutral B mesons, which are produced in pairs at the Υ(4S)\Upsilon(4S), is fully reconstructed in the CP decay modes J/ψKS0J/\psi K^0_S, ψ(2S)KS0\psi(2S) K^0_S, χc1KS0\chi_{c1} K^0_S, J/ψK0J/\psi K^{*0} (K0KS0π0K^{*0}\to K^0_S\pi^0) and J/ψKL0J/\psi K^0_L, or in flavor-eigenstate modes involving D()π/ρ/a1D^{(*)}\pi/\rho/a_1 and J/ψK0J/\psi K^{*0} (K0K+πK^{*0}\to K^+\pi^-). The flavor of the other neutral B meson is tagged at the time of its decay, mainly with the charge of identified leptons and kaons. The proper time elapsed between the decays is determined by measuring the distance between the decay vertices. A maximum-likelihood fit to this flavor eigenstate sample finds Δmd=0.516±0.016(stat)±0.010(syst)ps1\Delta m_d = 0.516\pm 0.016 {\rm (stat)} \pm 0.010 {\rm (syst)} {\rm ps}^{-1}. The value of the asymmetry amplitude sin2β\sin2\beta is determined from a simultaneous maximum-likelihood fit to the time-difference distribution of the flavor-eigenstate sample and about 642 tagged B0B^0 decays in the CP-eigenstate modes. We find sin2β=0.59±0.14(stat)±0.05(syst)\sin2\beta=0.59\pm 0.14 {\rm (stat)} \pm 0.05 {\rm (syst)}, demonstrating that CP violation exists in the neutral B meson system. (abridged)Comment: 58 pages, 35 figures, submitted to Physical Review

    Measurement of the B0-anti-B0-Oscillation Frequency with Inclusive Dilepton Events

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    The B0B^0-Bˉ0\bar B^0 oscillation frequency has been measured with a sample of 23 million \B\bar B pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric B Factory at SLAC. In this sample, we select events in which both B mesons decay semileptonically and use the charge of the leptons to identify the flavor of each B meson. A simultaneous fit to the decay time difference distributions for opposite- and same-sign dilepton events gives Δmd=0.493±0.012(stat)±0.009(syst)\Delta m_d = 0.493 \pm 0.012{(stat)}\pm 0.009{(syst)} ps1^{-1}.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Physical Review Letter

    Diffractive Dijet Production at sqrt(s)=630 and 1800 GeV at the Fermilab Tevatron

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    We report a measurement of the diffractive structure function FjjDF_{jj}^D of the antiproton obtained from a study of dijet events produced in association with a leading antiproton in pˉp\bar pp collisions at s=630\sqrt s=630 GeV at the Fermilab Tevatron. The ratio of FjjDF_{jj}^D at s=630\sqrt s=630 GeV to FjjDF_{jj}^D obtained from a similar measurement at s=1800\sqrt s=1800 GeV is compared with expectations from QCD factorization and with theoretical predictions. We also report a measurement of the ξ\xi (xx-Pomeron) and β\beta (xx of parton in Pomeron) dependence of FjjDF_{jj}^D at s=1800\sqrt s=1800 GeV. In the region 0.035<ξ<0.0950.035<\xi<0.095, t<1|t|<1 GeV2^2 and β<0.5\beta<0.5, FjjD(β,ξ)F_{jj}^D(\beta,\xi) is found to be of the form β1.0±0.1ξ0.9±0.1\beta^{-1.0\pm 0.1} \xi^{-0.9\pm 0.1}, which obeys β\beta-ξ\xi factorization.Comment: LaTeX, 9 pages, Submitted to Phys. Rev. Letter
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