Age at first birth in women is genetically associated with increased risk of schizophrenia

Prof. Paunio on PGC:n jäsenPrevious studies have shown an increased risk for mental health problems in children born to both younger and older parents compared to children of average-aged parents. We previously used a novel design to reveal a latent mechanism of genetic association between schizophrenia and age at first birth in women (AFB). Here, we use independent data from the UK Biobank (N = 38,892) to replicate the finding of an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women, and to estimate the genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in women stratified into younger and older groups. We find evidence for an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women (P-value = 1.12E-05), and we show genetic heterogeneity between younger and older AFB groups (P-value = 3.45E-03). The genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in the younger AFB group is -0.16 (SE = 0.04) while that between schizophrenia and AFB in the older AFB group is 0.14 (SE = 0.08). Our results suggest that early, and perhaps also late, age at first birth in women is associated with increased genetic risk for schizophrenia in the UK Biobank sample. These findings contribute new insights into factors contributing to the complex bio-social risk architecture underpinning the association between parental age and offspring mental health.Peer reviewe

Correlation between process cheese meltability determined by sensory analysis, computer vision method and Olson and Price test

The meltabilities of 14 process cheese samples were determined at 2 and 4 weeks after manufacture using sensory analysis, a computer vision method, and the Olson and Price test. Sensory analysis meltability correlated with both computer vision meltability (R-2 = 0.71, P < 0.001) and Olson and Price meltability (R-2 = 0.69, P < 0.001). There was a marked lack of correlation between the computer vision method and the Olson and Price test. This study showed that the Olson and Price test gave greater repeatability than the computer vision method. Results showed process cheese meltability decreased with increasing inorganic salt content and with lower moisture/fat ratios. There was very little evidence in this study to show that process cheese meltability changed between 2 and 4 weeks after manufacture.

Update on the Colon Health and Life-Long Exercise Change Trial: A Phase III Study of the Impact of an Exercise Program on Disease-Free Survival in Colon Cancer Survivors

The Colon Health and Life-Long Exercise Change (CHALLENGE) trial is evaluating the effects of a 3-year exercise program on disease-free survival in 962 patients with resected high-risk stage II or stage III colon cancer. The purpose of this commentary is to provide an update on the CHALLENGE trial. As of December 31, 2013, the trial had randomized 250 patients in 20 Canadian centers and 26 Australian centers, with further expansion planned. Early barriers to accrual are reported and strategies to improve accrual are discussed. Of the 250 patients randomized to date, 89 % have stage III colon cancer, 56 % were treated with leucovorin/5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, 58 % have a body mass index of at least 27.5 kg/

Efeito de diferentes níveis de ingestão de energia sobre a produção e viabilidade de embriões em novilhas e vacas Effect of different levels of energy intake on production and viability of embryos in heifers and cows

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar o efeito do nível de ingestão de matéria seca (IMS/% do PV) sobre ganho de peso, produção e viabilidade de embriões em novilhas mestiças e vacas Nelore. No primeiro experimento foram utilizadas 27 novilhas cruzadas ( ½ Nelore x ½ Simental) distribuídas em três tratamentos e nove repetições: 1,2; 1,6 e 2,6% de IMS/dia em relação ao peso vivo, respectivamente. Os animais foram submetidas à superovulação com FSH e a coleta dos embriões realizada sete dias após a inseminação artificial, através de lavagem uterina. Este procedimento foi repetido por mais duas vezes com intervalos de 45 dias. No segundo experimento foram usadas 21 vacas Nelore de três anos, distribuídas em três tratamentos: 1,0; 1,8 e 2,6% de IMS em relação ao peso vivo. Após 30 dias os animais foram sincronizados com implante auricular de norgestomet e superovulados com FSH, sendo a coleta dos embriões realizada sete dias após a inseminação artificial, através de lavagem uterina. O peso vivo final, ganho médio diário e peso de carcaça foram maiores para os animais alimentados com 2,6% de IMS. O nível de IMS e o período de coleta não tiveram influência sobre o número de corpos lúteos, número de estruturas totais transferíveis e degeneradas e ovócitos, tanto para novilhas como para vacas.<br>This work was carried out to study the effect of dry matter feed intake level (DMI/% BW), weight gain, production and viability of embryos in cross-breed heifers so does production and viability of embryonic structures in Nellore cows. During the first trial, 27 cross-breed (½ Nelore x ½ Simental) heifers were used divided in 3 treatments and 9 replications: 1.2%; 1.6% and 2.6% of DMI/day in relation to body weight, respectively. The heifers were synchronized and after nine days these animals were superovulated using FSH. The embryos were collected seven days after the artificial insemination by uterus flushing. This procedure was repeated twice with intervals of 45 days. In the second trial, 21 Nellore cows of 3 years old were used. The cows were divided in 3 treatments: 1.0; 1.8 and 2.6% of DMI according to body weight. After 30 days, the cows were synchronized with norgestomet implant and superovulated with FSH. The embryos were collected seven days after artificial insemination by uterus flushing. The final body weight, average daily gain and carcass weight were superior for cows fed 2.6% of DMI. On the other hand, the DMI levels and collect period did not influence on corpus luteum number nor on total, transferable and degenerated numbers of structures and not fertilized oocites for heifers and the cows