Uma experiência de avaliação da aprendizagem na educação a distância. O diálogo entre avaliação somativa e formativa

O texto apresenta um estudo de caso realizado pela equipe do Laboratório de Estudos da Aprendizagem Humana, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se da avaliação da aprendizagem dos alunos do Curso de Pedagogia a Distância da UERJ, no componente curricular Estágio Supervisionado. Oferecido em cinco dos seis períodos do curso, o Estágio tem a avaliação desenvolvida através de um modelo que conjuga avaliações formativas e somativas, tornando-se um interessante foco para este trabalho. Discutimos alguns conceitos ligados à avaliação da aprendizagem, às modalidades de avaliação formativa e somativa e à difícil tarefa de avaliar em cursos a distância. O sistema de avaliação do Estágio prevê duas avaliações a distância, de caráter diagnóstico e formativo, e duas avaliações presenciais, onde o aluno irá descrever cenas do cotidiano do estágio, articulando-as ao conteúdo estudado. O aspecto formativo da avaliação aparece em indicadores como o avanço na organização e autonomia de estudo; a participação produtiva na Tutoria Presencial; a freqüência ao ambiente virtual; o crescimento demonstrado no manuseio de recursos multimídia, entre outros. Finalizamos com a análise de alguns resultados da avaliação, mostrando os impactos deste sistema de avaliação sobre a repetência e a evasão no componente curricular Estágio

Synthesis and application of metallic iron nanoparticles on the 4-Chorophenol degradation / Síntese e aplicação de nanopartículas de ferro metálico na degradação do 4-clorofenol

Os herbicidas são uma classe importante de agroquímicos usados para o controle de plantas daninhas. Os herbicidas organoclorados apresentam alta toxicidade e persistência ambiental, aumentando o risco de contaminação do solo e da água. Os clorofenóis e seus derivados são contaminantes tóxicos do meio ambiente oriundos da degradação de agroquímicos. Nanopartículas de ferro metálico (Fe-NPs) têm sido utilizadas para a remoção e degradação de uma variedade de poluentes orgânicos, incluindo herbicidas e compostos organoclorados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a síntese de Fe-NPs e sua aplicação na degradação do 4-clorofenol (4-CP). Fe-NPs com tamanho médio de 113 nm compostas pela fase ?-Fe foram obtidas através da redução de borohidreto. As Fe-NPs foram misturadas com 500 ?M de 4-CP em vários valores de pH. A degradação do 4-CP foi confirmada pelo monitoramento da banda de absorção em 298 nm. Além disso, a produção de fenol foi seguida pela reação com monocloramina que produz uma solução de cor azul com absorção máxima a 680 nm. A diminuição da absorbância em 298 nm sugere degradação do 4-CP

Photocatalytic performance of textiles coated with titanium dioxide-reduced graphene oxide system for degradation of crude petroleum under similar solar irradiation

The pollution caused by oil and its toxic derivatives presents a considerable risk to the public health and the environment. This work is devoted to the study of the influence of TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on three types of textiles materials (Cotton, Entretela, and Polylactic Acid-PLA) coated with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to be used for degradation of crude petroleum under simulated solar irradiation. The morphological studies of the functionalized textiles substrates were performed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, which indicated an excellent dispersion and adhesion of nanoparticles of about 60% (atomic %Ti) on the textile fibers covered with RGO after washing. Ultraviolet-visible Diffuse Reflectance spectra suggest a reduction in the band gap energy of TiO2 up to 2.86 eV due to the presence of RGO. The functionalized textiles presented at least 60% of photocatalytic efficiency measured by Rhodamine B degradation, decreasing less than 12% after the rigorous washing. The excitation/emission Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopies demonstrated a great potential for photocatalytic degradation of the functionalized textiles substrates as the appearance of the hydroxyl, carboxyl, and the C-O bands confirm the photoinduced oxidation of the organic compounds implying with high prospects in petroleum and wastewater treatment areas. Moreover, this environmentally friendly, sustainable, and inclusive research work can be included in clean technologies, contributing to the novel socio-economic model recognized as "Green Recovery".[GRAPHICS].This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Funding UID/FIS/04650/2019 and the project PTDC/FIS-MAC/6606/2020. Also, the third author would like to acknowledge the FCT for the Ph.D. scholarship (SFRH/BD/137421/2018). Moreover, the authors would like to acknowledge Sociedade Nacional de Combusti ' veis de Angola (Sonangol), which partially provided the crude oil samples

Staphylococcus saprophyticus Recovered from Humans, Food, and Recreational Waters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Staphylococcus saprophyticus is an important agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) in young women, but information about this pathogen in human microbiota and in common environment is lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize S. saprophyticus isolates from genitoanal microbiota of 621 pregnant women, 10 minas cheese packs, and five beaches in Rio de Janeiro city and compare PFGE profiles of these isolates with five UTI PFGE clusters described in this city. We investigated 65 S. saprophyticus isolates from microbiota, 13 from minas cheese, and 30 from beaches and 32 UTI isolates. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disk diffusion, MIC by agar dilution, and PCR. Erythromycin-resistance genes erm(C), msr(A), msr(B), mph(C), and lin(A) were found in 93% of isolates. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance correlated with dfrG or dfrA genes. Three cefoxitin-resistant isolates carried the mecA gene. All isolates obtained from cheese were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents. Six of 10 pregnant women with >1 isolate had monoclonal colonization. Isolates from pregnant women shared 100% similarity with UTI PFGE cluster types A and E obtained almost 10 years previously, suggesting temporal persistence of S. saprophyticus. Antimicrobial resistance of beach isolates reflected the profiles of human isolates. Taken together, results indicate a shared source for human and environmental isolates

Free Rhodium (II) citrate and rhodium (II) citrate magnetic carriers as potential strategies for breast cancer therapy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Rhodium (II) citrate (Rh₂(H₂cit)₄) has significant antitumor, cytotoxic, and cytostatic activity on Ehrlich ascite tumor. Although toxic to normal cells, its lower toxicity when compared to carboxylate analogues of rhodium (II) indicates Rh₂(H₂cit)₄as a promising agent for chemotherapy. Nevertheless, few studies have been performed to explore this potential. Superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (SPIOs) represent an attractive platform as carriers in drug delivery systems (DDS) because they can present greater specificity to tumor cells than normal cells. Thus, the association between Rh₂(H₂cit)₄and SPIOs can represent a strategy to enhance the former's therapeutic action. In this work, we report the cytotoxicity of free rhodium (II) citrate (Rh₂(H₂cit)₄) and rhodium (II) citrate-loaded maghemite nanoparticles or magnetoliposomes, used as drug delivery systems, on both normal and carcinoma breast cell cultures.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Treatment with free Rh₂(H₂cit)₄induced cytotoxicity that was dependent on dose, time, and cell line. The IC₅₀values showed that this effect was more intense on breast normal cells (MCF-10A) than on breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7 and 4T1). However, the treatment with 50 μM Rh₂(H₂cit)₄-loaded maghemite nanoparticles (Magh-Rh₂(H₂cit)₄) and Rh₂(H₂cit)₄-loaded magnetoliposomes (Lip-Magh-Rh₂(H₂cit)₄) induced a higher cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and 4T1 than on MCF-10A (p < 0.05). These treatments enhanced cytotoxicity up to 4.6 times. These cytotoxic effects, induced by free Rh₂(H₂cit)₄, were evidenced by morphological alterations such as nuclear fragmentation, membrane blebbing and phosphatidylserine exposure, reduction of actin filaments, mitochondrial condensation and an increase in number of vacuoles, suggesting that Rh₂(H₂cit)₄induces cell death by apoptosis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The treatment with rhodium (II) citrate-loaded maghemite nanoparticles and magnetoliposomes induced more specific cytotoxicity on breast carcinoma cells than on breast normal cells, which is the opposite of the results observed with free Rh₂(H₂cit)₄treatment. Thus, magnetic nanoparticles represent an attractive platform as carriers in Rh₂(H₂cit)₄delivery systems, since they can act preferentially in tumor cells. Therefore, these nanopaticulate systems may be explored as a potential tool for chemotherapy drug development.</p

Evidence of a noncoding transcript of the RIPK2 gene overexpressed in head and neck tumor

Receptor-interacting proteins are a family of serine/threonine kinases, which integrate extra and intracellular stress signals caused by different factors, including infections, inflammation and DNA damage. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIP-2) is a member of this family and an important component of the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B signaling pathway. The corresponding human gene RIPK2 generates two transcripts by alternative splicing, the full-length and a short transcript. The short transcript has a truncated 5? sequence, which results in a predicted isoform with a partial kinase domain but able to transduce signals through its caspase recruitment domain. In this study, the expression of RIPK2 was investigated in human tissue samples and, in order to determine if both transcripts are similarly regulated at the transcriptional level, cancer cell lines were submitted to temperature and acid stresses. We observed that both transcripts are expressed in all tissues analyzed, with higher expression of the short one in tumor samples, and they are differentially regulated following temperature stress. Despite transcription, no corresponding protein for the short transcript was detected in tissues and cell lines analyzed. We propose that the shorter transcript is a noncoding RNA and that its presence in the cell may play regulatory roles and affect inflammation and other biological processes related to the kinase activity of RIP-2.Fil: Mancini Villagra, Ulises Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: da Cunha, Bianca R.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Polachini, Giovana M.. No especifíca;Fil: Tiago, Tiago Henrique. No especifíca;Fil: Carlos H. T. P. da Silva. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Feitosa, Olavo A.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Fukuyama, Erica E.. Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Cancer Institute; BrasilFil: López, Rossana V. M.. No especifíca;Fil: Dias Neto, Emmanuel. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Nunes, Fabio D.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Severino, Patricia. Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; BrasilFil: Tajara, Eloiza Helena Tajara. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Evidence of a noncoding transcript of the RIPK2 gene overexpressed in head and neck tumor

Receptor-interacting proteins are a family of serine/threonine kinases, which integrate extra and intracellular stress signals caused by different factors, including infections, inflammation and DNA damage. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIP-2) is a member of this family and an important component of the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B signaling pathway. The corresponding human gene RIPK2 generates two transcripts by alternative splicing, the full-length and a short transcript. The short transcript has a truncated 5’ sequence, which results in a predicted isoform with a partial kinase domain but able to transduce signals through its caspase recruitment domain. In this study, the expression of RIPK2 was investigated in human tissue samples and, in order to determine if both transcripts are similarly regulated at the transcriptional level, cancer cell lines were submitted to temperature and acid stresses. We observed that both transcripts are expressed in all tissues analyzed, with higher expression of the short one in tumor samples, and they are differentially regulated following temperature stress. Despite transcription, no corresponding protein for the short transcript was detected in tissues and cell lines analyzed. We propose that the shorter transcript is a noncoding RNA and that its presence in the cell may play regulatory roles and affect inflammation and other biological processes related to the kinase activity of RIP-2.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecula

Rhodium(II) citrate: synthesis, characterization, adsorption on maghemita nanoparticles, and preparation magnetic fluids

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2014-08-22T11:23:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação_Eloiza da Silva Nunes.pdf: 2557684 bytes, checksum: 485672a5e5df50e25a70cde5803fbfb4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-22T11:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação_Eloiza da Silva Nunes.pdf: 2557684 bytes, checksum: 485672a5e5df50e25a70cde5803fbfb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-10In this work are described the synthesis and characterization of dinuclear rhodium(II) citrate, adsorption study in maghemite nanoparticles, and preparation of nanoparticles-modified based magnetic fluids. Rhodium(II) citrate has significant antitumor activity being promissory to cancer chemotherapy. Due to the existence of free functional groups in its molecular structure this complex has capacity to functionalize iron oxide nanoparticles to produce drug-particles formulations. The modified nanoparticles show features of biocompatibility suitable to use the system in medical applications. Rhodium(II) citrate was synthesized by an exchange reaction of trifluoroacetate ligands from the precursor rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate by citrate ligands. The products were characterized by C and H elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, mass spectrometry, and infrared, UV/visible and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results are consistent with the formation of dinuclear structure characteristic for rhodium(II) carboxylates. Changing the synthesis conditions were obtained products with stoichiometries [Rh2(H2cit)2(H2O)4] and [Rh2(H2cit)4(H2O)2]. The results and compounds solubility observations suggest that the first one occur as a coordination polymer. The second one showed composition e solubility behavior consistent with the formation of monomeric units. Maghemite nanoparticles with size mean between 5 and 7 nm were obtained through alkaline coprecipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions with further oxidation with oxygen gas. The solids were characterized by X-ray difratometry and the Scherrer relation was use to calculate the crystallite size mean. Adsorption experimental data were adjusted to Langmuir model and linear coefficients obtained, R2, were greater than 0,99. Functionalized nanoparticles were dispersed into water producing a stable colloid. Dispersion s characterization was performed by absorbance, zeta potential, and hydrodynamic diameter measurements. Surface properties and colloidal behavior of functionalized nanoparticles are much affected by adsorbed species. The colloidal stability of the magnetic fluids is dependent on the adsorbed amounts of rhodium(II) citrate and pH. When the adsorbed amount of rhodium(II) citrate is next to saturation, the magnetic fluids are stable in pH over 3 and show hydrodynamic diameter around 60 nm. Fluids colloidal stability is preserved against physiologic saline solution, PBS buffer, and fetal bovine serum over a period of 30 days.Neste trabalho estão descritos a síntese e a caracterização do complexo dimérico citrato de ródio(II), estudo de sua adsorção em nanopartículas de maghemita e a preparação de fluidos magnéticos á base de nanopartículas modificadas com o complexo. O citrato de ródio (II) apresenta significante atividade antitumor sendo promissor para aplicação na quimioterapia do câncer. Devido à existência de grupos funcionais livres em sua estrutura molecular esse complexo possui capacidade de funcionalizar nanopartículas de óxidos de ferro para produzir formulações droga-partícula. As nanopartículas modificadas apresentam características de biocompatibilidade adequadas para utilização do sistema em aplicações médicas. O citrato de ródio(II) foi sintetizado via reação de troca de ligantes trifluoroacetato do precursor trifluoroacetato de ródio(II) por citrato. Os produtos foram caracterizados por análise elementar de C e H e termogravimétrica, espectrometria de massas e espectroscopia nas regiões do UV/visível e infravermelho e ressonância magnética nuclear de 13C. Os resultados são consistentes com a formação da estrutura dimérica. Variando-se as condições de síntese pode-se obter produtos com estequiometrias [Rh2(H2cit)2(H2O)4] e [Rh2(H2cit)4(H2O)2]. Os resultados somados às observações sobre a solubilidade dos compostos sugerem que o primeiro ocorre como um polímero de coordenação. O segundo composto apresentou características de composição e solubilidade coerente com a formação de unidades dimetálicas monoméricas. Foram obtidas nanopartículas de maghemita com diâmetros entre 5 e 7 nm através do método de coprecipitação de íons Fe2+ e Fe3+ em meio alcalino com posterior oxidação com oxigênio gasoso. Os sólidos foram caracterizados por difratometria de raios-X e o diâmetro de cristalito calculado pela equação de Scherrer. Os dados experimentais de adsorção de citrato de ródio(II) em maghemita foram ajustados ao modelo de Langmuir sendo obtido coeficiente de regressão linear, R2, maior que 0,99. As nanopartículas funcionalizadas foram dispersas em água obtendo-se um colóide estável. As dispersões foram caracterizadas por medidas de absorvância, potencial zeta e de diâmetro hidrodinâmico. As propriedades de superfície bem como o comportamento coloidal das nanopartículas funcionalizadas são influenciadas pelas espécies adsorvidas. A estabilidade coloidal dos sóis obtidos é dependente das quantidades de citrato de ródio(II) adsorvida e do pH. Quando a quantidade de citrato de ródio adsorvida é próxima da capacidade de adsorção, os fluidos magnéticos obtidos apresentam estáveis em pH acima de 3 com diâmetros hidrodinâmicos próximos de 60 nm. A estabilidade coloidal dos fluidos obtidos é preservada frente a soluções de soro fisiológico, tampão PBS e soro fetal bovino por períodos superiores a 30 dias

Preparação e caracterização de nanocompósitos de Fe@SiO2, Fe@Fe3O4 e Fe3O4@PNIPAM

In this work the obtainment of metallic iron nanoparticles in several non-aqueous (glycols) and in aqueous media through chemical reduction with sodium borohydride and the obtainment of core@shell structures Fe@SiO2 and Fe@Fe3O4, was investigated. The characterization results of poly(N-isoproprylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) based magnetic nanocomposites and bare polymeric nanogels (controls) synthesized through radical precipitation polymerization were also presented. The composition of the polymeric nanocomposites was varied as the type of co-monomer (acrylic acid and poly(ethyleneglycol) methylether methacrylate (PEGMA)), crosslinker (methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) and poly(ethyleneglycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)) and precursor magnetic nanoparticle. The metallic nanoparticles and the core@shell Fe@SiO2 and Fe@Fe3O4 nanostructures were characterized by XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, XPS, SEM and TEM. The results show that the iron nanoparticles were composed of α-Fe and varying amounts of Fe1-xBx alloy and the size and morphology of the particles was dependent of the reaction media used. The strategies for metallic nanoparticles coating was efficient and chemically stabilized the magnetic cores. The Fe@SiO2 nanostructures was prepared by using alkoxysilanes precursors through the sol-gel process to produce the silica coating. The silica thickness could be controlled more efficiently in the case of bigger particles produced from chemical reduction in aqueous media. In the case of small nanoparticles the formation of aggregates was observed. The Fe@Fe3O4 core@shell structures were obtained by passivation of the metallic iron nanoparticles in a glycol solvent. The method of passivation enabled good oxidation control of the metallic surface to magnetite phase, avoiding the formation of non-magnetic oxy-hydroxides. The metallic to oxide phase ratio was determined by Rietveld refinement and was dependent of the type...Neste trabalho foi investigada a obtenção de nanopartículas de ferro metálico em diferentes meios não aquosos (glicóis) e em água através da rota de redução com boroidreto e a obtenção de estruturas caroço@casca Fe@SiO2 e Fe@Fe3O4. Também são apresentados resultados da caracterização de nanocompósitos magnéticos à base poli(N-isopropilacrilamida) (PNIPAM) e de nanogéis poliméricos (controles) através do método de polimerização radicalar por precipitação. A composição dos nanocompósitos poliméricos foi variada quanto ao tipo de co-monômero (ácido acrílico e poli(etileno glicol) metiléter metacrilato (PEGMA)), reticulador (metileno bis-acrilamida (MBA) e poli(etileno glicol) diacrilato (PEGDA)) e nanopartícula magnética precursora. As nanopartículas metálicas e nanoestruturas Fe@SiO2 e Fe@Fe3O4 foram caracterizadas por DRX, espectroscopia Mössbauer, XPS, SEM e TEM. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que as nanopartículas de ferro metálico foram compostas de α-Fe e variáveis teores de liga de Fe1-xBx e a morfologia e tamanho de partícula variaram em função dos diferentes meios reacionais empregados. As metodologias de recobrimento das partículas metálicas precursoras foram eficazes na estabilização química do caroço magnético. O recobrimento com sílica para obtenção das estruturas Fe@SiO2 foi realizado empregando-se precursores alcoxissilanos através do processo sol-gel. A espessura da camada de sílica pode ser controlada mais eficientemente no caso de partículas maiores oriundas de redução no meio aquoso e no caso de nanopartículas pequenas observou-se a formação de agregados. As estruturas Fe@Fe3O4 foram obtidas pela passivação das nanopartículas metálicas em solvente glicol. A metodologia de passivação demostrou a possiblidade de oxidação controlada da superfície para fase de magnetita evitando a formação de óxi-hidróxidos não..