Rural tourism and its preconditions : a comparative study on the resources required for successful entrepreneurship

Many jobs in rural areas have historically been linked to the agricultural sector. The restructuring that has been implemented in agriculture has resulted in a significant reduction in the number of jobs in rural areas. A consequence of this is that many people have moved to cities to earn a living. To maintain a living countryside in Sweden, it is therefore essential to create alternative livehoods in rural areas. An industry that can have a major impact in the future is rural tourism. There are several reasons for rural areas to invest in this industry. Since the sector is less cyclical, predicted a good future and involves a diverse industrial base covered many of the criteria necessary for a living countryside. The essay focuses on the resources that tourism related businesses in rural areas in need of. This is done by a theoretical analysis on necessary resources and its meaning is then applied to two municipalities, Norrtälje in Stockholm and Åre in Jämtland county. The reason that these municipalities have been chosen is the regional onset conditions, and that tourism is an important part of the municipalities' commercial and industrial life. The approach of the work has been the literature in form of textbooks to find the theoretical fact as empirical since founded in. In order to find facts about the two places, tourism and environment statistics, the internet has been the main source. The reason is that Internet has a large selection and is updated more often than printed literature. The conclusion of this study is that network and legitmititet is central to the success of the two places. Through a well-functioning network and a high legitimacy it is easier to get resources as a touristbased company is in need of. The conditions therefore increase for a successful enterprise in the locality. Networking and legitimacy also creates opportunities to explore lucrative business opportunities which will further improve conditions for success

Building Egressibility in an Ageing Society

This is the final report of a three-year project called Building Egressibility in an Ageing Society, sponsored by the Swedish research council for sustainable development (FORMAS). While accessibility is an established and widely used concept in building design, the evacuation of people with functional limitations is still at a stage in which several research gaps exist. In this context, this work discusses the concept of Egressibility, intended as the accessibility to means of evacuation. A categorization of populations with functional limitations in light of their egress-related abilities was performed by reviewing egress and accessibility research. The role of functional limitations on evacuation performance was investigated using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). A qualitative interview study consisting of 28 semi-structured interviews with people with functional limitations was conducted to further scrutinize Egressibility issues of older people. An Egressibility assessment instrument, the Egress Enabler, has been developed based on the concept of person-environment fit. A Virtual Reality (VR) experiment involving 40 participants was also conducted to demonstrate the use of VR technology to study the impact of people with functional limitations on egress. It also allowed to explore how the presence of people with functional limitations affects exit choice. Overall, Egressibility was investigated with the aim to ensure that egress planning and procedures are designed to equally consider all members of an aging society

Effects of Fluoxetine on Outcomes at 12 Months After Acute Stroke:Results From EFFECTS, a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background and Purpose: The EFFECTS (Efficacy of Fluoxetine—a Randomised Controlled Trial in Stroke) recently reported that 20 mg fluoxetine once daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome but reduced depression and increased fractures and hyponatremia at 6 months. The purpose of this predefined secondary analysis was to identify if any effects of fluoxetine were maintained or delayed over 12 months. Methods: EFFECTS was an investigator-led, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group trial in Sweden that enrolled adult patients with stroke. Patients were randomized to 20 mg oral fluoxetine or matching placebo for 6 months and followed for another 6 months. The primary outcome was functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale), at 6 months. Predefined secondary outcomes for these analyses included the modified Rankin Scale, health status, quality of life, fatigue, mood, and depression at 12 months. Results: One thousand five hundred patients were recruited from 35 centers in Sweden between 2014 and 2019; 750 were allocated fluoxetine and 750 placebo. At 12 months, modified Rankin Scale data were available in 715 (95%) patients allocated fluoxetine and 712 (95%) placebo. The distribution of modified Rankin Scale categories was similar in the 2 groups (adjusted common odds ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.76–1.10]). Patients allocated fluoxetine scored worse on memory with a median value of 89 (interquartile range, 75–100) versus 93 (interquartile range, 82–100); P =0.0021 and communication 93 (interquartile range, 82–100) versus 96 (interquartile range, 86–100); P =0.024 domains of the Stroke Impact Scale compared with placebo. There were no other differences in secondary outcomes. Conclusions: Fluoxetine after acute stroke had no effect on functional outcome at 12 months. Patients allocated fluoxetine scored worse on memory and communication on the Stroke Impact Scale compared with placebo, but this is likely to be due to chance. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02683213

Oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance: blurring ecology and physiology

No abstract available

Natural Polymorphisms in Tap2 Influence Negative Selection and CD4 : CD8 Lineage Commitment in the Rat

Contains fulltext : 136368.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Genetic variation in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) affects CD4ratioCD8 lineage commitment and MHC expression. However, the contribution of specific genes in this gene-dense region has not yet been resolved. Nor has it been established whether the same genes regulate MHC expression and T cell selection. Here, we assessed the impact of natural genetic variation on MHC expression and CD4ratioCD8 lineage commitment using two genetic models in the rat. First, we mapped Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) associated with variation in MHC class I and II protein expression and the CD4ratioCD8 T cell ratio in outbred Heterogeneous Stock rats. We identified 10 QTLs across the genome and found that QTLs for the individual traits colocalized within a region spanning the MHC. To identify the genes underlying these overlapping QTLs, we generated a large panel of MHC-recombinant congenic strains, and refined the QTLs to two adjacent intervals of approximately 0.25 Mb in the MHC-I and II regions, respectively. An interaction between these intervals affected MHC class I expression as well as negative selection and lineage commitment of CD8 single-positive (SP) thymocytes. We mapped this effect to the transporter associated with antigen processing 2 (Tap2) in the MHC-II region and the classical MHC class I gene(s) (RT1-A) in the MHC-I region. This interaction was revealed by a recombination between RT1-A and Tap2, which occurred in 0.2% of the rats. Variants of Tap2 have previously been shown to influence the antigenicity of MHC class I molecules by altering the MHC class I ligandome. Our results show that a restricted peptide repertoire on MHC class I molecules leads to reduced negative selection of CD8SP cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing how a recombination between natural alleles of genes in the MHC influences lineage commitment of T cells

Xinjiang (China), rock with glacial striation

Glacial striation on a bloc at the southern slope of Yagme-Tagh.Image is part of research conducted by Erik Norin for the article: Quaternary Climatic Changes within the Tarim Basin Author(s): Erik Norin Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Oct., 1932), pp. 591-598 Published by: American Geographical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/208816http://www.jstor.org/stable/208816Grayscal

Xinjiang (China), view of the Karakash River valley

Another view of the Karakash valley above Kok-boynak.Image is part of research conducted by Erik Norin for the article: Quaternary Climatic Changes within the Tarim Basin Author(s): Erik Norin Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Oct., 1932), pp. 591-598 Published by: American Geographical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/208816http://www.jstor.org/stable/208816Grayscal

Xinjiang (China), landscape in Tarim Basin

"Rundhöċken" landscape in Ulugh-art-tagh. Absol. altitude c. 3000 m or c. 10,000 feet.Image is part of research conducted by Erik Norin for the article: Quaternary Climatic Changes within the Tarim Basin Author(s): Erik Norin Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Oct., 1932), pp. 591-598 Published by: American Geographical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/208816http://www.jstor.org/stable/208816Grayscal

Xinjiang (China), view of mountains with lateral moraine and ground moraine

Lateral moraine and ground moraine of the "Chunak" phase, Upper Done, the mouth of the Chong-yailak-jilgha. Absolute altitude - 3150 m. or c. 10,400 feet.Image is part of research conducted by Erik Norin for the article: Quaternary Climatic Changes within the Tarim Basin Author(s): Erik Norin Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Oct., 1932), pp. 591-598 Published by: American Geographical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/208816http://www.jstor.org/stable/208816Grayscal