Stochastic Perturbation of the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards Model via the Method of Stochastic Characteristics

In this paper we apply the method of stochastic characteristics to a Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model. The stochastic perturbation can be seen as errors in measurement of the traffic density. For concrete examples we solve the equation perturbed by a standard Brownian motion and the geometric Brownian motion without drift

Enfants à haut potentiel: un défi pour les enseignants ?

La thématique des enfants à haut potentiel est aujourd’hui un sujet en plein essor. Plus que jamais, cette problématique occupe une place importante dans la recherche. Dans notre travail, nous allons nous intéresser à l’identification des enfants à haut potentiel, à ses caractéristiques, ainsi qu’aux différentes méthodes d’enseignements qui lui sont dispensées, tant en classe ordinaire qu’en classe spécialisée. L’enseignement en classe ordinaire nous intéresse tout particulièrement, puisqu’en tant que futures enseignantes, nous serons principalement confrontées à ce type d’enseignement. De plus, il est déconcertant de constater un paradoxe entre le haut potentiel et l’échec scolaire. Effectivement, la scolarisation de ces enfants possédant une intelligence différente est remise en question puisqu’environ un tiers des EHP se trouvent confrontés à de lourdes difficultés scolaires. De ce fait, nos intérêts se dirigent plus particulièrement sur les moyens et les méthodes employés par les enseignants à l’heure actuelle, qui seraient susceptibles d’améliorer les apprentissages ou l’apport de connaissances chez les EHP. Notre méthodologie sera axée autour de l’enseignement destiné aux EHP. À travers plusieurs entretiens avec des enseignants de formation primaire, nous recueillerons et analyserons qualitativement les moyens utilisés en classe. L’objectif principal de notre dispositif est de repérer les points positifs et les lacunes susceptibles d’exister dans le système éducatif actuel

Why Do Middle-Class Positions Matter? The Alignment of Short-Term Rental Suppliers to the Interests of Capital

Underlying the idea of the middle classes there is a contradictory positionality, the relations of which ultimately enhance capital accumulation. By opening Marxist critique to Weberian approaches to class, we explain how the self-ascription of short-term rental (STR) suppliers to the middle-class idea boosts exploitation and accumulation. Housing income, and recently that originating in STRs, has been used to maintain the symbolic and material status of the so-called middle classes in Spain, and specifically in Palma. Based on statistical data analysis and interviews with STR suppliers, managers and workers, we analyse the contradictory class positionality of STR suppliers in Palma (Majorca, Spain). First, we argue, that STR suppliers are part of the middle classes since they bear attributes of rent, labour and also capital, as they employ workers to produce a tourism commodity. Second, we contend that STR overnight stays should not only be considered as land rent payments, but also as the sale of a tourism commodity. Third, we claim that the contradictory positionality of the middle classes fuels self-exploitation, for STR suppliers misalign their interests with those of capital.publishedVersio

Wealth Stratification and the Insurance Function of Wealth

This thematic issue examines the insurance function as a mechanism to underlie wealth effects on various outcomes. The articles in this issue shed an innovative light on the insurance function of wealth concerning a range of topics relevant to social stratification and social policy researchers. This editorial provides an overview of the contributions of this thematic issue and highlights some gaps and remaining open questions. Altogether, the contributions suggest that wealth can provide insurance against adverse life events in various contexts. However, this insurance effect depends on welfare state characteristics, wealth portfolios, and the way families handle their wealth

Stochastic Transport Equations: Method of Characteristics versus Scaling Transform Approach

Müller N. Stochastic Transport Equations: Method of Characteristics versus Scaling Transform Approach. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld; 2019

Frequency, stability and differentiation of self-reported school fear and truancy in a community sample

BACKGROUND: Surprisingly little is known about the frequency, stability, and correlates of school fear and truancy based on self-reported data of adolescents. METHODS: Self-reported school fear and truancy were studied in a total of N = 834 subjects of the community-based Zurich Adolescent Psychology and Psychopathology Study (ZAPPS) at two times with an average age of thirteen and sixteen years. Group definitions were based on two behavioural items of the Youth Self-Report (YSR). Comparisons included a control group without indicators of school fear or truancy. The three groups were compared across questionnaires measuring emotional and behavioural problems, life-events, self-related cognitions, perceived parental behaviour, and perceived school environment. RESULTS: The frequency of self-reported school fear decreased over time (6.9 vs. 3.6%) whereas there was an increase in truancy (5.0 vs. 18.4%). Subjects with school fear displayed a pattern of associated internalizing problems and truants were characterized by associated delinquent behaviour. Among other associated psychosocial features, the distress coming from the perceived school environment in students with school fear is most noteworthy. CONCLUSION: These findings from a community study show that school fear and truancy are frequent and display different developmental trajectories. Furthermore, previous results are corroborated which are based on smaller and selected clinical samples indicating that the two groups display distinct types of school-related behaviour