The influence of tumor invasion in anastomotic line on survival of patient with gastric stump cancer

RACIONAL: O câncer do coto gástrico desenvolve- se no remanescente gástrico de gastrectomia realizada há pelo menos 5 anos por doença benigna e os sítios mais comuns de acometimento são próximo à anastomose e na pequena curvatura. Considera-se que o coto gástrico é estado pré-canceroso. OBJETIVOS: Identificar o padrão de disseminação de linfonodos acometidos, quantificar a invasão tumoral da linha de anastomose e correlacionar: a invasão da linha de anastomose com o comprometimento linfonodal e mesenterial, o acometimento linfonodal com sobrevivência e o acometimento da linha de anastomose com sobrevivência. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com revisão de prontuários, peças cirúrgicas e exames anátomo-patológicos de 113 pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de coto gástrico definido como adenocarcinoma desenvolvido no remanescente gástrico de gastrectomia realizada há pelo menos cinco anos por doença benigna. RESULTADOS: A disseminação linfonodal não se mostrou específica; 75% dos pacientes apresentaram invasão tumoral da linha de anastomose; em 66,7% dos casos ocorreu invasão da linha anastomótica e linfonodal concomitantes; menos de 10% dos casos exibiam invasão mesenterial; houve óbito em 86,5% dos casos com invasão linfonodal e 64,7% com invasão da linha de anastomose e em 100% com invasão mesenterial. CONCLUSÕES: 1) O câncer de coto gástrico não tem padrão de disseminação linfonodal específico; 2) a linha de anastomose sofre freqüente invasão tumoral; 3) apesar de freqüente a invasão da linha anastomótica, não apresenta correlação estatística significante com o comprometimento linfonodal regional ou mesenterial; 4) a presença de invasão linfonodal implica em sobrevida menor, em especial a de linfonodos do mesentério; 5) a presença de acometimento neoplásico da linha anastomótica não se correlaciona com pior resultado de sobrevivência.AIM: To identify the lymph node metastatic pattern for gastric stump cancer; to quantify the anastomotic site invasion by tumor growth; to correlate the invasion of anastomotic site with metastasis in lymph node in general and mesenterial lymph node involvement and the survival. METHODS: One hundred and thirteen patients with gastric stump cancer were retrospectively analyzed along with their medical records, surgical specimens and histopathologic exams. RESULTS: seventy five percent of patients had tumoral invasion in the anastomotic site. In 66.7% there was invasion of the anastomotic site with metastatic lymph nodes. Nine percent had mesenterial lymph node invasion. Fatal cases occurred in 86,5% with metastatic lymph node, 64,7% with invasion of the anastomotic site and 100% with mesenterial lymph node invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Metastatic lymph node dissemination is not specific to gastric stump cancer and does not present a pattern in the lymph node dissemination. Although frequent the tumor invasion in anastomotic line, there is no significant statistical correlation with the invasion of regional or mesenterial lymph nodes. Lymph node invasion reduces survival, mainly when mesenterial lymph node dissemination is present. Tumor invasion in anastomotic line does not reduce survival

Atividade genotóxica de extratos etanólicos de plantas do gênero Ocotea

Ocotea are commonly used by population as a medicine, however there are few research is on the genotoxic activity of extracts and compounds obtained from plants of this genus. The present study examined the genotoxic potential (mutagenic and recombinogenic) of ethanol extracts obtained from the leaves of Ocotea acutifolia, Ocotea lancifolia and Ocotea minarum from in Mato Grosso do Sul state. Genotoxic activity of the plants was investigated by the Somatic mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in wing cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Extracts of O. lancifolia and O. minarum showed no genotoxic activity, at the concentrations used. Otherside, the extract of O. acutifolia showed higher genotoxic potential and induced high frequencies of mitotic recombination. This difference in activity seems to be related to the presence of different classes of secondary metabolites and their concentrations in each extract. The pronounced genotoxic potential presented by O. acutifolia showed that, despite the frequent use of plants of the genus Ocotea pharmacological studies of these and other plant species are essential in order to characterize the possible adverse effects.Plantas do gênero Ocotea são comumente utilizadas pela população como medicamento, porém são escassas as pesquisas sobre a atividade genotóxica de extratos e compostos químicos obtidos de plantas desse gênero. No presente trabalho foi avaliado o potencial genotóxico (mutagênico e recombinogênico) de extratos etanólicos obtidos das folhas de Ocotea acutifolia, Ocotea lancifolia e Ocotea minarum, que ocorrem no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A atividade genotóxica destas plantas foi investigada por meio do SMART (Somatic Mutation And Recombination Test) em células de asas de Drosophila melanogaster. Nas concentrações testadas os extratos de O. lancifolia e O. minarum não apresentaram atividade genotóxica, por outro lado o extrato de O. acutifolia demonstrou elevado potencial genotóxico e induziu altas frequencias de recombinação mitótica. Esta diferença de atividade parece estar relacionada à concentração e as distintas classes de metabólitos secundários encontradas em cada extrato. O pronunciado potencial genotóxico apresentado por O. acutifolia demonstra que, apesar do uso freqüente de plantas do gênero Ocotea, são imprescindíveis estudos farmacológicos destas e outras espécies de plantas, a fim de caracterizar os possíveis efeitos adversos

Glicemia, proteinograma e perfil de alguns componentes bioquímicos séricos de cabras da raça Bôer no pós-parto

The objective was to test the hypothesis that there is variation of some protein components, biochemical and glucose from the blood of goats in the postpartum period. ElevenBôer goats were used to evaluate the serum following variables: total protein (TP), albumin, α-globulin, β-globulin, γ-globulin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), aspartate (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine, urea and glucose. These components were determined in moments zero (immediately after delivery), two, seven, 15, 30 and 75 days postpartum. The β-globulin, IgG, creatinine and urea from the goats did not show significant variations, the blood glucose at time zero was greater than the baseline values due to physiological stimulation of glycogenesis determined by the increase of cortisol in delivery. The blood constituents of goats showed variations in the period to 75 days postpartum as a result physiological causes related to delivery and postpartum.Objetivou-se testar a hipótese de que ocorre variação de alguns componentes proteicos, bioquímicos e glicêmicos do sangue de cabras no período pós-parto. Utilizaram-se 11 cabras para avaliar as seguintes variáveis séricas: proteína total (PT), albumina, α-globulina, β-globulina, γ-globulina, imunoglobulina G (IgG), aspartatoaminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (FA), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT), creatinina,ureia e glicemia. Esses componentes foram determinados nos momentos zero (imediatamente após o parto), dois, sete, 15, 30 e 75 dias pós-parto. A β-globulina, IgG, creatinina e uréia das cabras não apresentaram variações significativas; a glicemia no momento zero foi maior que os valores basais fisiológicos devido ao estímulo da glicogênese determinado pelo aumento de cortisol no parto. Os constituintes sanguíneos das cabras evidenciaram variações no período até 75 dias pós-parto em consequência de causas fisiológicas ligadas ao parto e puerpério

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost