Corrosion failure of titanium tubes of a heat exchanger for the heating of dissolving lye

Corrosion of titanium heat exchangers in the processing of sylvinite ore is undesirable from economic, safety, and process sustainability perspectives. Triggered by an industrial case, we investigated the extent of corrosion during simulated contact with sylvinite ore (in dissolving lye) in relevant conditions. Detailed characterization of the failed tubes and corrosion products was carried out to understand the mechanism of failure. Corrosion of titanium (Grade 2) tubes was investigated at room temperature, 60, 70, 80, and 90 °C. After electrochemical and surface morphology analysis, we found that pitting corrosion of the titanium tube material sharply increased above 80 °C in the simulated sylvinite ore environment (pH 7.1). The failure analysis revealed extensive degradation by transgranular cracking through both the oxide and metal matrix, likely caused by a combination of the high temperature, pressure, possible vibrations, the build-up of lye deposits causing crevices, the high salt content of the lye, and possibly metal (copper, iron, zinc) impurities/deposits in or on the titanium metal, which can catalyze hydrogen evolution

Personality traits of handball goalkeepers

Goalkeeping in handball puts special demands on the athletes. Whereas on-court strain and conditional demands of the goalkeeper position are already intensively investigated, research on handball goalkeepers’ personality traits is still lacking. In this study, the sport specific personality structure of male handball goalkeepers (N = 81) on competitive and leisure sport level was assessed for the first time, using a version of the BFI-10 adapted to the sport context. In comparison to the normal population, handball goalkeepers proved to be more conscientious, more neurotic, and less open for new experiences. A relation of the trait conscientiousness and the performance level became visible; goalkeepers on higher performance levels showed higher conscientiousness values. The current investigation presents a sport specific personality profile of handball goalkeepers for the first time, whereby derivations, for example, for the construction of talent diagnostic have to be seen more critical. The results of the current study provide the basis for further research which should, amongst others, especially focus on the comparison of the personality structure of goalkeepers and field players

The intrinsic reddening of the Magellanic Clouds as traced by background galaxies -- II. The Small Magellanic Cloud

We present a map of the total intrinsic reddening across ~34 deg$^{2}$ of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) derived using optical ($ugriz$) and near-infrared (IR; $YJK_{\mathrm{s}}$) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of background galaxies. The reddening map is created using a subsample of 29,274 galaxies with low levels of intrinsic reddening based on the LePhare $\chi^{2}$ minimisation SED-fitting routine. We find statistically significant enhanced levels of reddening associated with the main body of the SMC compared with regions in the outskirts [$\Delta E(B-V)\simeq 0.3$ mag]. A comparison with literature reddening maps of the SMC shows that, after correcting for differences in the volume of the SMC sampled, there is good agreement between our results and maps created using young stars. In contrast, we find significant discrepancies between our results and maps created using old stars or based on longer wavelength far-IR dust emission that could stem from biased samples in the former and uncertainties in the far-IR emissivity and the optical properties of the dust grains in the latter. This study represents one of the first large-scale categorisations of extragalactic sources behind the SMC and as such we provide the LePhare outputs for our full sample of ~500,000 sources.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 13 pages, 6 figures and 4 tables. Tables 1, 3 and 4 will be available in full as Supporting Information in the online version of the articl

The VMC survey - XXXI: The spatially resolved star formation history of the main body of the Small Magellanic Cloud

We recover the spatially resolved star formation history across the entire main body and Wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), using 14 deep tile images from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds (VMC) in the YJKs filters. The analysis is performed on 168 subregions of size 0.143 deg2 covering a total contiguous area of 23.57 deg2. We apply a colour\u2013magnitude diagram (CMD) reconstruction method that returns the best-fitting star formation rate SFR(t), age\u2013metallicity relation, distance and mean reddening, together with their confidence intervals, for each subregion. With respect to previous analyses, we use a far larger set of the VMC data, updated stellar models, and fit the two available CMDs (Y 12 Ks versus Ks and J 12 Ks versus Ks) independently. The results allow us to derive a more complete and more reliable picture of how the mean distances, extinction values, star formation rate, and metallicities vary across the SMC, and provide a better description of the populations that form its Bar and Wing. We conclude that the SMC has formed a total mass of (5.31 \ub1 0.05) 7 108 M 99 in stars over its lifetime. About two-thirds of this mass is expected to be still locked in stars and stellar remnants. 50 per cent of the mass was formed prior to an age of 6.3 Gyr, and 80 per cent was formed between 8 and 3.5 Gyr ago. We also illustrate the likely distribution of stellar ages and metallicities in different parts of the CMD, to aid the interpretation of data from future astrometric and spectroscopic surveys of the SMC

COVID19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of virus-host interaction mechanisms.

Funder: Bundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungFunder: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)We need to effectively combine the knowledge from surging literature with complex datasets to propose mechanistic models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, improving data interpretation and predicting key targets of intervention. Here, we describe a large-scale community effort to build an open access, interoperable and computable repository of COVID-19 molecular mechanisms. The COVID-19 Disease Map (C19DMap) is a graphical, interactive representation of disease-relevant molecular mechanisms linking many knowledge sources. Notably, it is a computational resource for graph-based analyses and disease modelling. To this end, we established a framework of tools, platforms and guidelines necessary for a multifaceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians and computational biologists. The diagrams of the C19DMap, curated from the literature, are integrated with relevant interaction and text mining databases. We demonstrate the application of network analysis and modelling approaches by concrete examples to highlight new testable hypotheses. This framework helps to find signatures of SARS-CoV-2 predisposition, treatment response or prioritisation of drug candidates. Such an approach may help deal with new waves of COVID-19 or similar pandemics in the long-term perspective

Le Collège de France rejoint le réseau Calames

Jusqu’à présent, pour accéder aux inventaires d’archives du Collège de France, deux possibilités s’offraient aux chercheurs : consulter les différents instruments de recherche des fonds via Salamandre, la bibliothèque numérique patrimoniale et catalogue des archives de l’institution, ou bien effectuer une recherche sur Omnia, l’outil de découverte des bibliothèques et des archives. Depuis début 2020, une autre possibilité s’est ajoutée. Sa candidature ayant été retenue, le Collège de France a..

La collection numérique d'estampages de la bibliothèque d'études chinoises s'enrichit

Fin 2018, Salamandre accueillait les deux cents premières numérisations de la collection d’estampages de la bibliothèque des études chinoises. Suite à plusieurs campagnes de numérisation, c’est plus de 1000 nouvelles pièces qui viennent enrichir le fonds et sont maintenant à la disposition de la communauté des chercheurs ou simplement des curieux désireux de découvrir ces trésors. On peut y voir des estampages reproduisant des stèles funéraires ou commémoratives, mais aussi des inscriptions r..

L’inventaire du fonds Jean Starcky en ligne

Le service des archives du Collège de France signale la mise en ligne d’un important fonds archéologique du 20e siècle, portant essentiellement sur le Moyen-Orient. Donné en 1988 à l’Institut des études sémitiques par Emmanuel Starcky, le fonds avait été partiellement récolé par l’Institut et par deux chercheuses ayant travaillé avec Starcky, Mmes Marie-Jeanne Roche et Laïla Nehmé. Ce travail, repris en 2022, a permis la publication sur Salamandre d’un inventaire complet. Fig. 1. Portrait d..