Concept of experimental research for electrical vehicle electromechanical systems with hybrid energy storages

In this paper, the concept of experimental investigations of electric vehicles electromechanical systems with hybrid energy storages is designed. Hybrid energy storage system is based on accumulators and super capacitors. The basic requirements to the functional capabilities of experimental installation have been formulated and installation structure has been developed. A novel DC-DC boost converter control algorithm is presented and experimentally verified. Results of experimental investigation induction motor speed-flux vector control algorithm are presented as well.The designed concept and unified experimental setup can be used to study a wide range of control algorithms used in electric vehicles, including those with battery or super capacitors suppl

МОДЕЛЬ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТІ ВИКОНАТИ БОЙОВЕ ЗАВДАННЯ ПОХІДНОЮ ОХОРОНОЮ ПІДРОЗДІЛУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ ПІД ЧАС ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ МАРШУ

Presented model can allow commanders of the National Guard of Ukraine divisions and other military formations to evaluate and achieve the predicted possibility of successful execution of a combat task by the guard during the march of the main forces column.The calculations are based on the tactical and technical characteristics of the available weapons, military equipment, observation means and the application of the probability theory and modeling to evaluate the predicted ability to perform the main tasks by marching guard of a mechanized company, such as the sentinel department, which performs the march for an independent combat task in a limited time and conditions of military combat.An increased threat to the National Guard of Ukraine divisions during the march may be ambushed by an enemy using armored vehicles on the columns movement routes. Non-timely detection of an enemy's ambush by marching guard can lead to considerable casualties among the personnel in the division, armament and military equipment, as evidenced by the numerous facts of shelling of enemy forces in the east of Ukraine. Therefore, greater focus should be placed on marching guard divisions.The success of a combat task performance by the marching guard during the march depends more on the commander's combat experience, which may not be sufficient or absent.The phase-by-phase model application makes it possible to evaluate and achieve the predicted ability to successfully complete combat missions by the marching guard during the march.The system of hypotheses and assumptions adopted during the study includes:− the spiritual and psychological welfare, the level of preparation (training) of the marching guard personnel and the division during the march are considered sufficient to carry out the combat task, so the “human factorˮ is not taken into account in the calculations;− the probability to destroy the enemy, and the type of weapon known and do not change under various combined arms conditions;− the range of conducting intelligence of marching guard is assumed to be equal to the tactical and technical characteristics of the available surveillance means;− camouflage, terrain, weather conditions are not taken into account.The adequacy assessment of projected results is achieved through using of known and proven approaches to combat modeling.Evaluation of the obtained results can be done by comparing theoretical calculations with the already existing results of the fighting in the east of Ukraine and the experience gained in the relevant analyzes of the fighting, information and reports.Наведено модель, застосування якої дасть змогу командирам підрозділів Національної гвардії України та інших військових формувань оцінювати і досягати прогнозовану можливість успішного виконання бойового завдання похідною охороною під час здійснення маршу колоною головних сил.Розрахунки ґрунтуються на тактико-технічних характеристиках наявних одиниць озброєння, військової техніки, засобів спостереження та застосуванні положень теорій імовірностей і моделювання для проведення оцінювання прогнозованої можливості виконати основні завдання похідною охороною механізованої роти (на прикладі дозорного відділення), яка здійснює марш для виконання самостійного бойового завдання в обмежений час в умовах загальновійськового бою

NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION: ALLOTROPIC MODIFICATIONS OF CARBON AS A COMPONENT OF SHUNGITE

The aim of the investigation is to show the possibility of updating of the training program of the discipline «Chemistry» intended for training of engineers of chemical specialties of higher educational institutions on the basis of results of the last researches in the field of nanochemistry. The article is addressed to the scientists and teachers developing the specific fields of science, to students and graduate students who have decided to devote themselves to new perspective science of the 21st century.Methods. The analysis of the works concerning the combinational scattering method (Raman spectroscopy) is made. Exposure to the combinational scattering method and the method of infrared spectroscopy is necessary for the undergraduates who are engaged in synthesis of new nanomaterials on the basis of carbon while deciding of the obtained experimental data. The physical and chemical analysis was used in the research to study the properties and structure of shungite of the Zazhoginsky field – the unique natural mineral containing nanoparticles and the effective sorbent applied to purification of drinking water (emission spectral analysis with inductively coupled plasma, Raman spectroscopy and Infrared spectroscopy).Results and scientific novelty. When processing shungite with toluene, ochroleucous resinous substance was educed; this is an organic substance according to data of IR-spectroscopy. On the basis of the analysis of data of Ramanspectroscopy, the line about 2700 cm–1 is offered to consider as the indicator of crystallinity. A variety of physical and chemical and structural properties in connection on the basis of shungite allows us to speak about chemistry of fullerenes and nanochemistry as the new perspective direction of chemistry.Practical significance. Described data on Raman-spectroscopy will help undergraduates, young scientists and researchers to identify various modifications of carbon in the nanomaterials synthesized by them on the basis of carbon. The data received during the research can be used for laboratory work «Determination of shungit nanocomponents through modern physical and chemical methods», having included it in the subject «Carbon» of the program of discipline «Chemistry». The materials of the article can also serve as a starting point for creation of a special short-term course on studying of materials of group of carbon in the system of advanced training for employees of the entities who are engaged in shungite processing

Achievements in electrodialysis processes for wastewater and water treatment

Electrodialysis is a mature technology that exceeded the boundaries of brackish water desalination and continuously shows its adaptability for several applications. Alongside with the evolution of ion-exchange membranes, electrodialysis is currently performed in a variety of arrangements under nonconventional applications and coupled with other technologies in hybrid systems. Throughout this chapter, recent achievements on wastewater treatment and water supply are presented. Novel results comprising the application of conventional electrodialysis, selectrodialysis, bipolar electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, electrodeionization, and overlimiting electrodialysis are discussed. The main motivations for ongoing efforts in optimizing electrodialysis systems rely on water supply in remote areas, on saving natural resources, and on reducing industrial costs.Scarazzato, T.; Santana-Barros, K.; Benvenutid, T.; Rodriguese, M.; Espinosaa, D.; Bernardesb, A.; Amado, F.... (2020). Achievements in electrodialysis processes for wastewater and water treatment. En Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes. Recent Achievements in Wastewater and Water Treatments. Elsevier. 127-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817378-7.00005-712716

Analytical methods for lignocellulosic biomass structural polysaccharides

The use of lignocellulosic biomass has been postulated as a potential pathway toward diminishing global dependence on nonrenewable sources of chemicals and fuels. Before a specific feedstock can be selected for biochemical conversion into biofuels and bio-based chemicals, it must first be characterized to evaluate the chemical composition of the cell walls. Polysaccharides, specifically cellulose and hemicellulose, are often the focal point of these appraisals, since these constituents are the dominant substrates converted into monomeric sugars like glucose and xylose. These monosaccharides can be transformed, using microorganisms like yeast, into substances such as ethanol. Plant species containing abundant polysaccharides are highly desirable, as higher quantities of sugars should translate into larger end-product yields. Given the vast pool of potential feedstocks, qualitative and quantitative analytical methods are needed to assess cell wall polysaccharides. Many of these tools, such as wet chemical and chromatographic techniques, have been ubiquitously used for some time. Shortcomings in these analyses, however, prevent their usage in screening large sample sets for quintessential, high-yield, fuel-producing traits. This chapter briefly summarizes how analytical spectroscopy can lessen some of these limitations and how it has been utilized for polysaccharide analysis