Unit for Measuring the Magnetic Characteristics of Thin Ferromagnetic Films

Studying the properties of ferromagnetic films helps in solving the fundamental problems of the physics of magnetic phenomena and in developing the theory of ferromagnetism. Modern software and hardware, along with reliable diagnostic methods are used to research and design thin-film devices. In this regard, the development of devices and methods for measuring the magnetic characteristics of thin ferromagnetic films is an essential task. The aim of the work is to develop an unit for local measurements of the magnetic characteristics of thin ferromagnetic films, which has the ability to change the degree of locality of measurements over a wide range and has high sensitivity at the same time. The article reviews a new unit for measuring the magnetic characteristics of thin ferromagnetic films. The unit allows measuring the value and direction of the anisotropy field on a local area of the film. A block diagram and description of a new unit, as well as methods of measurements are shown in the article. The experimentally obtained distribution of the anisotropy field over the area of the studied sample of Ni80Fe20 film is shown in this work. The experimental results confirm the compliance of the new unit with the declared characteristics. The unit can be used for non-destructive quality control and for measuring uniformity of thin ferromagnetic films magnetic characteristics

Measuring the Imaginary Part of the Complex Magnetic Permeability of Thin Films Using Resonant and Non-resonant Automated Measuring Systems

This paper considers resonant and non-resonant methods for measuring magnetic characteristics of Ni80Fe20 thin films with 1000 Å thickness. The imaginary part of complex magnetic permeability was measured by using resonant and nonresonant measuring cells. The resonant measuring cell included: a micro-strip line, a lumped capacitance, and an amplitude detector. The non-resonant measuring cell included a short-circuited micro-strip line. The studied sample of thin magnetic film is placed under the shortcircuited micro-strip line. The self-resonant frequency of the non-resonant measuring cell is higher than frequency of the ferromagnetic resonance (in field, equal 14 Oersteds). Ferromagnetic resonance method was used to study the change of measuring cell resonant frequency. The angular dependences of resonant frequency were achieved by the change of angle between constant magnetic field and high-frequency field of excitation, the hard axis of magnetization in thin magnetic film. The measurements were carried out using automation units. A numerical comparison of the obtained results showed that the difference between measurements does not exceed 5%

Ardennite-bearing mineral association related to sulfide-free ores with chalcophile metals at Nežilovo, Pelagonian Massif, North Macedonia

Among numerous minerals determined at Nežilovo, Pelagonian Massif, North Mace donia, ardennite-(As) has been discovered in two different associations and studied by means of optical microscopy, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), and single-crystal and powder X ray diffraction methods. The refractive indices of ardennite-(As) from Nežilovo are α = 1.537(2), β = 1.579(1) and γ = 1.741(1), where γ corresponds to the c direction. The optical axial an gle is 2Vx = 49(1) ◦. EMPA of the investigated samples yields the following empirical formulae: [Mn2+ 3.27Ca0.73]64.00[Al4.18Mg1.24Fe0.29Mn3+ 0.19Zn0.10]66.00(Si4.73Al0.27)65.00(As0.96Si0.03V0.01)61.00O22 [OH5.36(H2O)0.64]66.00 for ardennite-(As) and (K0.95Na0.04Ba0.02)61.01(Al1.44Fe3+ 0.30Mg0.20Mn0.03Ti0.02 Zn0.01)62.00(Si3.21Al0.79O10) (OH1.97O0.03)62.00 for the associated red mica. The unit cell parameters of ardennite-(As) determined by X-ray powder diffraction are a = 8.757(2) Å, b = 5.836(2) Å, c = 18.578(2) Å and V = 941.97 Å3. The unit cell parameters of ardennite-(As) were also determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and are a = 8.760(1) Å, b = 5.838(1) Å, c = 18.582(2) Å and V = 950.30 Å3. Regularities of isomorphism in ardennite-related minerals are discussed. The presence of ardennite-(As) in association with 2M1 and 3T phengite polytypes provides evidence for three separate stages of formation. Con ditions at which ardennite-(As) crystallized have been estimated based on compositional features of associated micas