"Nicht ich rede, meine Wunden reden!" : Holocaust-survivors as witnesses in Austrian Nazi war crimes trials exemplified by the trial against Franz Murer

Im Juni 1963 fand in Graz der Prozess gegen den ehemaligen Nationalsozialisten Franz Murer statt. Dieser wurde angeklagt in mehreren F\ue4llen J\ufcdinnen und Juden in und um das Ghetto von Vilnius ermordet zu haben. Franz Murer war w\ue4hrend der deutschen Besatzung der Sowjetunion zwischen 1941 und 1943 in der \u201eZivilverwaltung\u201c in Vilnius t\ue4tig, wo er inoffiziell das dortige Ghetto leitete. Diese Arbeit beleuchtet diverse kulturelle und historische Aspekte des Prozesses gegen Franz Murer: Wie ist der Prozess in die allgemeine justizielle Verfolgung ehemaliger Nationalsozialisten in 6sterreich einzuordnen? Welche Strategien legte sich Murer f\ufcr den Prozess in Graz zurecht und wie \ue4nderten sich diese im Vergleich zum ersten Prozess gegen ihn, der 1948 in Vilnius gef\ufchrt wurde? Die zentralen Fragen dieser Arbeit drehen sich allerdings um die Frage der Zeugenschaft von Holocaust- cberlebenden bei diesem Prozess. Basierend auf den Gerichtsakten und den Zeugenaussagen stellen sich folgende wichtige Fragen: Wie wurden die cberlebenden, die in Graz aussagten, ausgew\ue4hlt? Was hatten sie zu sagen bzw. was konnten sie sagen? Wie wurden sie im Gerichtssaal behandelt? Was f\ufcr Motivationen hatte sie, um in Graz auszusagen? Wie wurden die j\ufcdischen cberlebenden in den Zeitungen dargestellt und wie wurde ihre Zeugenschaft vom Verteidiger gerahmt? Des Weiteren soll auch der Frage nachgegangen werden, wie man von verschiedener Seite auf den Freispruch Murers reagierte.In June 1963, the trial against the former Nazi Franz Murer took place in Graz. He was accused of killing Jews in several instances in and around the ghetto in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. Franz Murer carried out his \u201cduty\u201d during WWII in the \u201ccivil administration\u201d in Vilnius. This thesis looks at various cultural and historical aspects concerning the trial against him: How did the trial fit into the persecution of former Nazis in post-WWII Austria? What kind of strategies did Murer use in front of the court and how did he change it in comparison to his first trial in 1948 in Vilnius? The central part of this thesis however looks at Holocaust-survivors as witnesses at the trial in Graz. Many Lithuanian Jews came to Graz to testify against Franz Murer. On the basis of the court papers and court testimonies, the thesis addresses important questions concerning survivors as witnesses at this trial: How were they selected? What did they have to say or what could they say? How were they treated in the courtroom? What kind of motivation did they have to appear as witnesses? How were they portrayed by the press and how was their witnessing framed by the defense attorney?vorgelegt von Lukas NievollZusammenfassungen in Deutsch und EnglischAbweichender Titel laut cbersetzung des Verfassers/der VerfasserinDiplomarbeit Karl-Franzens-Universit\ue4t Graz 2018 224

Geochronology, geochemistry, and geological evolution of the Troiseck-Floning and Rosskogel nappes (Eastern Alps): unraveling parallels between the Eastern Alps and Western Carpathians

Abstract The Troiseck-Floning and Rosskogel nappes are part of the Austroalpine Unit in the eastern part of the Eastern Alps. The nappes are in tectonic contact and comprise Permian to Mesozoic lower greenschist facies metamorphic metasediments, but only the Troiseck-Floning Nappe consists of a pre-Permian crystalline basement (Troiseck Complex) as well. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon ages, Rb–Sr biotite ages and geochemical data unravel the geological evolution of these tectonic units from Neoproterozoic to Mesozoic times. Detrital U–Pb zircon analyses from siliciclastic metasediments of the Troiseck Complex indicate a late Ediacaran to early Cambrian deposition age of the volcanoclastic sequence. The age distribution correlates with a position along the northeastern Gondwana margin. A late Cambrian crystallization age (502.4 ± 6.8 Ma) of granitic intrusions together with evidence for Late Cambrian/Ordovician magmatism and metamorphism indicate a position at an active plate margin. Polyphase overprinting during the Variscan orogeny is recorded by Late Devonian/early Carboniferous pegmatite dikes (~ 353 Ma) that formed after an early Variscan event, while Pennsylvanian ages of overgrowth rims and inherited grains (~ 320 Ma) are evidence for late Variscan metamorphism. Rhyolitic to andesitic volcanic rocks from the Troiseck-Floning and Rosskogel nappes (271–264 Ma) concomitant with intrusions of porphyric granitoids now transformed to augen gneiss (271 Ma) yield evidence for Permian rift-related magmatism that is widely reported from the Eastern Alps and Western Carpathians. Rb–Sr biotite ages (75–74 Ma) indicate Late Cretaceous cooling below c. 300 °C. This relates to Late Cretaceous exhumation of the Troiseck-Floning Nappe following an Eo-Alpine metamorphic overprint at lower greenschist-facies metamorphic conditions. Based on the similar lithostratigraphy, analogous geological evolution and structure, the Troiseck-Floning Nappe represents the lateral extension of the Seckau Nappe. The new dataset also allows for correlations with other basement complexes that occur in the Western Carpathians

Characterization of ring deposits inside a quicklime producing long rotary kiln

Ring deposits are common problems in rotary kiln operations. The ring is constantly subjected to thermal and mechanical wear counteracting the growth of the ring. If the ring hardens or if the growth of the ring is too rapid the kiln needs to be shut down and the ring removed, reducing the operational time and profitability of the process. In the present study, ring deposits from a limestone fed long rotary kiln producing quicklime was sampled and characterized in detail by SEM-EDS, dynamic rate TG and XRD. This work identifies three hardening mechanisms active in the kiln, an increased densification of the ring deposits near the refractory surface, the formation of calcite and spurrite through carbonation of the ring deposits, and the intrusion of molten fuel ash and product into the refractory, resulting in a strong attachment of the deposit to the refractory surface. The work also concludes that a significant part of the ring deposit has its origin in the fuel ash, contributing to deposit mass and increasing ring growth rate.Bio4Energ