La fragilidad en la infancia: la atención al maltrato y al abuso sexual infantil desde el Trabajo Social

Este estudio describe la evolución de la defensa de los derechos de la infancia desde sus inicios hasta hoy, atendiendo a la transformación de las leyes en torno a su protección y a los cambios que han experimentado los conceptos más importantes (como infancia, maltrato infantil y abuso sexual infantil). De esta manera, se expone una reflexión acerca de la familia, como institución privilegiada que debería ser sinónimo de refugio, cuidado y afecto, pero que no siempre es así. Así pues, el texto tiene como objetivo ensalzar la figura del menor como persona de pleno derecho, poseedor de opiniones, ser social y sujeto de protección. De esta manera, se define a la infancia como la etapa más vulnerable del desarrollo, donde múltiples profesionales e instituciones trabajan en torno a su bienestar y protección. Asimismo, se explican las funciones del Trabajador Social con y para las víctimas de maltrato infantil, desde los Servicios Sociales, Sanitarios y del Tercer Sector. Para concluir, se señalan brevemente las cifras que muestran el impacto de este tipo de maltrato en nuestra sociedad occidental del siglo XXI.This study describes the evolution of the defense of children's rights from its beginnings to today, taking into account the transformation of the laws regarding their protection and the changes that the most important concepts have undergone (such as childhood, child abuse and child abuse). sexual child). In this way, a reflection on the family is presented, as a privileged institution that should be synonymous with shelter, care and affection, but that is not always the case. Thus, the text aims to enhance the figure of the minor as a person with full rights, holder of opinions, social being and subject of protection. In this way, childhood is defined as the most vulnerable stage of development, where multiple professionals and institutions work around their well-being and protection. Likewise, the functions of the Social Worker with and for the victims of child abuse are explained, from the Social, Health and Third Sector Services. To conclude, the figures that show the impact of this type of abuse in our western society in the 21st century are briefly pointed out.Grado en Trabajo Socia

Electric and magnetic dipolar response of Germanium spheres: Interference effects, scattering anisotropy and optical forces

We address the scattering cross sections, and their consequences, for submicrometer Germanium spheres. It is shown that there is a wide window in the near infrared where light scattering by these particles is fully described by their induced electric and magnetic dipoles. In this way, we observe remarkable anisotropic scattering angular distributions, as well as zero forward or backward scattered intensities, which until recently was theoretically demonstrated only for hypothetically postulated magnetodielectric spheres. Also, interesting new effects of the optical forces exerted on these objects are now obtained.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Catalytic hydrodehalogenation of the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A by alumina-supported Pd, Rh and Pt catalysts

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the most used BFRs, being characterized by a strong persistence and leading to negative effects on both the environment and human health. The aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of aqueous-phase catalytic hydrodehalogenation (HDH) for the fast and environmentally-friendly degradation of the brominated flame retardant TBBPA. Pd, Rh, and Pt on alumina commercial catalysts (1% wt.) were tested and reactions were performed under ambient operating conditions. TBBPA (1 mg L−1) was completely removed in short reaction times ( 95%) in 15 min using Pd/Al2O3. Nevertheless, employing Rh and Pt alumina-supported catalysts debromination of TBBPA increased progressively requiring much longer times and only 83% and 78% debromination yields were achieved after 2 h reaction, respectively. Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor, was generated as reaction intermediate but it was further hydrogenated with both Pd and Rh catalysts, whereas it remained as reaction product with the Pt catalyst. A series reaction pathway considering both hydrodebromination and hydrogenation steps was proposed based on the obtained results. The experimental data obtained with the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst were successfully described by a pseudo-first order kinetic model, obtaining an apparent activation energy of 36 kJ mol−1. Notably, this catalyst showed a reasonable stability after three consecutive HDH run

Food and beverage can coatings: a review on chemical analysis, migration, and risk assessment

The internal surface of food and beverage cans is generally covered with polymeric coatings to preserve food and protect metal substrate from corrosion. Coating materials are complex formulations that contain different starting substances (e.g., monomers, prepolymers, additives, etc.) and in addition during the manufacture of the material several compounds can be formed (e.g., reaction products, degradation products, etc.). These substances have the potential to migrate into the food. Many of them have not been identified and only some have been toxicologically evaluated. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the analytical methods used for the identification of potential migrants in can coatings. The migration and exposure to chemicals migrating from can coatings are also reviewed and discussed so far, which is essential for risk assessment. Moreover, a brief section on the current status of the legislation on varnishes and coatings for food contact in Europe is also presented. Liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and fluorescence detectors and particularly to mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry seem to be the techniques of choice for the identification of potential migrants in can coatings. Some studies have reported migration levels of BPA (bisphenol A) and BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) and derivatives exceeding the specific migration limits set in the European legislation. On the whole, low dietary exposure to migrants from can coatings has been reported. However, it is interesting to highlight that in these studies the combined exposure to multiple chemicals has not been consideredThis study was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Ref. no. PGC2018-094518-B-I00 “MIGRACOATING” [MICIU/FEDER, UE])S

Endothelin-1 serum levels in women with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum Endothelin-1(ET-1) levels in female Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients compared with healthy controls, examine possible associations between ET-1 with different characteristic of the disease and investigate possible associations between ET-1 with surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Vega-Baja Hospital, Orihuela (Spain) from November 2016 to May 2018. Sixty-three women with RA and sixty-five age and sex healthy controls were included in this study. Serum ET-1 was analyzed using ELISA. Results: Serum levels of ET-1 in RA female patients were higher than those in healthy controls (p ??0.001). Serum le vels of ET-1 were positively associated with Nterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (r = 0.27, p < 0.05) and with C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.36, p < 0.05). ET-1 levels in women with RA were higher in smokers. Pre dnisone use was associated with lower ET-1 levels. No association with carotid intima media thickness was found. Conclusions: we observed the presence of higher le - vels of serum ET-1 in RA women patients compared with healthy controls. These increased levels of ET-1 are associated with inflammation and smoking and reduced by prednisone intake

Migration studies of two common components of UV-curing inks into food simulants

The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) has reported many cases of different UV curing inks components in foodstuffs during the last few years. These contaminants reach foodstuffs mainly by set-off, their principal migration mechanism from the package. Under this premise, this work has tried to characterize the process of migration of two common UV ink components: a photoinitiator (4-Methylbenzophenone) and a coinitiator (Ethyl-4-(dimethylamino) benzoate), from the most common plastic material used in food packaging low-density polyethylene (LDPE) into six different food simulants. The migration kinetics tests were performed at four different common storage temperatures, obtaining the key migration parameters for both molecules: the coefficients of diffusion and partition. The migration process was highly dependent on the storage conditions, the photoinitiator properties and the pH of the foodstuff.This research was funded by Ministerio de Economía Y Competitividad Ref. No. AGL/2011-26531 “MIGRATIN” and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)S

Use and value of music as a didactic tool in Primary School Education

La música se ha considerado tradicionalmente como una herramienta didáctica valiosa en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Son mínimos los estudios empíricos realizados sobre el uso y la valoración de la música como un recurso transversal en el ámbito escolar. En esta investigación han participado un total de 258 docentes (74,2% mujeres y 25.8% hombres) en activo de Educación Primaria de la Comunidad de Castilla y León (España). El 74,4% de los participantes desempeñan su trabajo en colegios públicos y un 67.1% tienen 10 o más años de experiencia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal presentado mediante encuesta a través de un cuestionario ad hoc en el que los docentes deben reflexionar sobre el uso y valoración de la música en sus clases. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias en el uso de la música en función de las áreas en donde se imparte docencia; así es muy frecuente su uso en Inglés, Plástica, Educación Especial/Audición y Lenguaje o en Religión/Valores Sociales y Cívicos, y poco frecuente en asignaturas como Ciencias de la Naturaleza o Matemáticas. El 90% de los maestros encuestados que cuentan con formación musical especializada, hacen un uso habitual de la música en sus clases, frente al 51% de los que no la tienen. El 85% de los docentes encuestados, considera que, en general, la música está insuficientemente valorada en la etapa. Por último, se discuten los datos y se justifica la necesidad de mejorar la formación musical de los maestros a la luz de la utilidad y beneficios que esta supone en la formación integral de los niños.Music has traditionally been considered as a valuable didactic tool in the teaching-learning process of students. The empirical studies carried out on the use and evaluation of music as a transversal resource in the school environment are minimal. A total of 258 teachers (74.2% women and 25.8% men) in active Primary Education in the Community of Castilla y León (Spain) have participated in this research. 74.4% of the participants carry out their work in public schools and 67.1% have 10 or more years of experience. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study presented by means of a survey through an ad hoc questionnaire in which the respondents had to reflect on the use and assessment of music in their classes. The results show that there are differences in the use of music depending on the areas where teaching is taught; thus, its use is very frequent in English, Plastic, Special Education / Hearing and Language or in Religion / Social and Civic Values, and infrequent in subjects such as Natural Sciences or Mathematics. 90% of the teachers surveyed and who have specialized musical training make regular use of music in their classes, compared to 51% of those who do not. 85% of the teachers surveyed consider that, in general, music is insufficiently valued in the stage. Finally, the data are discussed and the need to improve the musical training of teachers is justified in light of the usefulness and benefits that this entails in the comprehensive training of children

Obtención de productos de valor añadido mediante la hidrogenólisis de glicerina sin aporte externo de hidrógeno

En este trabajo se estudió la actividad catalítica de los catalizadores de Ni-Al-Fe en la hidrogenólisis de glicerina sin adición de hidrógeno. Dichos catalizadores se prepararon por el método de coprecipitación cambiando la relación molar Al/Fe. Además, se analizó la posible lixiviaciación de los metales en la reacción