Entwicklung einer deutschen Kurzskala zur zweidimensionalen Messung von sozialer Erwünschtheit

Soziale Erwünschtheit kann als Tendenz verstanden werden, scheinbar gesellschaftlich akzeptierte Antworten bei einer Befragung zu geben. Basierend auf den Analysen von Paulhus (1984) wird zwischen zwei Dimensionen unterschieden, der Selbst- und Fremdtäuschung. In Deutschland gibt es in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung bisher kein Konzept, mit dem eine Überprüfung der Daten hinsichtlich sozial erwünschtem Antwortverhalten möglich ist. Im Folgenden wird auf Grundlage einer Itembatterie aus dem SOEP-Pretest 2005 "Persönlichkeit und Politik" eine deutsche Kurzskala zur Messung sozialer Erwünschtheit entwickelt. Die sechs Items umfassende Skala baut auf dem, aus 40 Items bestehendem, Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) von Paulhus (1991) auf. Die deutsche Kurzskala erweist sich als reliabel. Die Prüfung der internen und externen Validität liefert deutliche Hinweise für die empirische Gültigkeit der Skala und somit die erfolgreiche Übertragung des Konzeptes auf den deutschsprachigen Raum.Soziale Erwünschtheit, impression management, self-deceptive enhancement, BIDR

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy – an unexpected complication in spine surgery

Introduction: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an apical ballooning syndrome, which can be triggeredby stress. Only few case reports describe the onset of Takotsubo as a complication of neurosurgery procedures. Clinical presentation: A case of a 53 year-old female with a spinal neurinoma and surgery-associated Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is demonstrated. The patient developed typical signs of a myocardial infarction with circulation depression and ST elevation, but normal cardiac enzymes at the end of surgery. Cardiac catheterization and levocardiography confirmed the absence of any critical coronary disease but the presence of a typical apical ballooning and midventricular hypokinesis. The patient recovered completely under supportive conservative and cardiological therapy, showing regular left ventricular pumpfunction. Conclusion: Interventions in neurosurgery and perioperative care should be kept as stress free as possible. Due to the possibility of neurogenic mechanisms related to cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy as an entity of stress-induced complications should be taken into consideration

Increased risk of somatic diseases following anorexia nervosa in a controlled nationwide cohort study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of somatic diseases in connection with anorexia nervosa (AN). METHOD: This matched cohort study was based on Danish registries of all patients born 1961-2008 with a first-time diagnosis of AN in 1994-2018 at age 8-32 and matched controls without an eating disorder. For 13 somatic disease categories, time from inclusion date to time of first somatic diagnosis, accounting for censoring, was studied by use of time-stratified Cox models. RESULTS: A total of 9985 AN patients born 1961-2008 and 49,351 controls were followed for a median (interquartile range) of 9.0 (4.4-15.7) years. During the first 2 years after entry there was a 60% higher hazard for any somatic disease among patients with AN than among controls, while the ratio from three to 11 years was reduced to 1.18. Regardless of age at diagnosis, the hazard among patients and controls were no different at approximately a decade after diagnosis of AN and the cumulative risk for patients for 12 of 13 disease categories was always higher or no less that for controls. For all disease categories, the hazard ratio (HR) was higher when close to entry. For most disease categories, age at diagnosis of AN did not modify the effect. DISCUSSION: While around 90% of all individuals had any somatic disease at the end of follow-up, the cumulative incidence over time was higher for patients with AN than for controls. Large HRs were seen in the early years after diagnosis during which patients require extensive medical interventions. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: Based on Danish registries, a large sample of almost 10,000 patients with AN born 1961-2008 and almost 50,000 matched controls were followed for a median of 9 years. While around 90% of all individuals had any somatic disease at the end of follow-up, the cumulative incidence over time was higher for patients with AN than for controls

Investigation of Thermal Effects in Different Lightweight Constructions for Vehicular Wireless Power Transfer Modules

This paper presents a thermal investigation of lightweight on-board receiver modules of wireless power transfer systems for electric vehicles. The studied modules are capable of receiving up to 11 kW at a resonance frequency of 85 kHz over a distance of 110–160 mm. The receiver modules were built as sandwich and space–frame concept to design stiff and lightweight structures. The high transmission power of automotive wireless power transfer systems combined with the multi-part assembly of receiver modules led to challenges in heat management. To address this, the physical behaviour of the proposed lightweight concepts were studied on component and system level using a hardware-in-the-loop testing facility for wireless power transfer systems. Special emphasis was laid on the validation of a thermal simulation model, which uses analytical calculated power losses taking into account their temperature dependency. The proposed simulation model is consistent with the experimental validation of the critical active components. The performed systematic studies build the basis for a more sophisticated thermal dimensioning of various constructions for wireless power transfer modules. Document type: Articl

Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution.

Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF ≥5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF <5%) coding novel variants. Pathway/gene set enrichment analyses identified lipid particle, adiponectin, abnormal white adipose tissue physiology and bone development and morphology as important contributors to fat distribution, while cross-trait associations highlight cardiometabolic traits. In functional follow-up analyses, specifically in Drosophila RNAi-knockdowns, we observed a significant increase in the total body triglyceride levels for two genes (DNAH10 and PLXND1). We implicate novel genes in fat distribution, stressing the importance of interrogating low-frequency and protein-coding variants

Balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) in the cervical mucus plug estimated by determination of free non-complexed TIMP

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The cervical mucus plug (CMP) is a semi-solid structure with antibacterial properties positioned in the cervical canal during pregnancy. The CMP contains high concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase 8 and 9 (MMP-8, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1). This indicates a potential to degrade extracellular matrix components depending on the balance between free non-complexed inhibitors and active enzymes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirty-two CMPs collected during active labor at term were analyzed. Twelve CMPs were separated into a cellular and an extracellular/fluid phase and analyzed by gelatin and reverse zymography to reveal MMP and TIMP location. Twenty samples were homogenized, extracted and studied by the TIMP activity assay based on gelatin zymography. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine TIMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-9 protein concentrations, and gelatin and reverse zymography used to identify gelatinases and TIMPs, respectively. The Western blotting technique was applied for semi-quantification of alpha2-macroglobulin. An ELISA activity assay was used to detect MMP-8 and MMP-9 activity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>ProMMP-2, proMMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were almost exclusively located in the fluid phase compared to the cellular phase of the CMP. All the extracted samples contained MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and alpha2-macroglobulin. Free non-complexed TIMP was detected in all the samples analyzed by the TIMP activity assay and was associated with TIMP-1 protein (R = 0.71, p < 0.001) and with the TIMP/MMP molar ratio (1.7 (1.1–2.5) (mean (95% confidence interval)) (R = 0.65, p = 0.002). The ELISA activity assay showed no activity from MMP-8 or MMP-9.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Due to their extracellular location, potential proteolytic activity from neutrophil-derived MMPs in the CMP could exert a biological impact on cervical dilatation and fetal membrane rupture at term. The functional TIMP activity assay, revealing excess non-complexed TIMP, and a molar inhibitor/enzyme ratio above unity, indicate that refined MMP control prevents CMP-originated proteolytic activity in the surrounding tissue.</p

Analog, digital - Opposition oder Kontinuum? : zur Theorie und Geschichte einer Unterscheidung

Forschungsprojekt gefördert durch die DFGDie Opposition der 'neuen digitalen' zu den 'alten analogen' Medien findet sich in Werbung, Popkultur, Wirtschaft, Politik und Wissenschaft. Offenbar hat sich die Unterscheidung analog/digital zur paradigmatischen Leitdifferenz des späten 20. und frühen 21. Jahrhunderts entwickelt. Doch was bedeutet 'analog' bzw. 'digital' in verschiedenen Kontexten genau und gibt es nicht auch Übergänge zwischen beiden Formen? Wann taucht die Unterscheidung auf und in welchem Zusammenhang? Indem sich die Anthologie mit diesen und anderen Fragen aus verschiedenen Perspektiven beschäftigt, räumt sie ein erhebliches Forschungsdefizit nicht nur in den Medienwissenschaften aus

Association Study of Common Genetic Variants and HIV- 1 Acquisition in 6,300 Infected Cases and 7,200 Controls

Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed in HIV-1 infected individuals, identifying common genetic influences on viral control and disease course. Similarly, common genetic correlates of acquisition of HIV-1 after exposure have been interrogated using GWAS, although in generally small samples. Under the auspices of the International Collaboration for the Genomics of HIV, we have combined the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data collected by 25 cohorts, studies, or institutions on HIV-1 infected individuals and compared them to carefully matched population-level data sets (a list of all collaborators appears in Note S1 in Text S1). After imputation using the 1,000 Genomes Project reference panel, we tested approximately 8 million common DNA variants (SNPs and indels) for association with HIV-1 acquisition in 6,334 infected patients and 7,247 population samples of European ancestry. Initial association testing identified the SNP rs4418214, the C allele of which is known to tag the HLA-B*57:01 and B*27:05 alleles, as genome-wide significant (p = 3.6×10−11). However, restricting analysis to individuals with a known date of seroconversion suggested that this association was due to the frailty bias in studies of lethal diseases. Further analyses including testing recessive genetic models, testing for bulk effects of non-genome-wide significant variants, stratifying by sexual or parenteral transmission risk and testing previously reported associations showed no evidence for genetic influence on HIV-1 acquisition (with the exception ofCCR5Δ32 homozygosity). Thus, these data suggest that genetic influences on HIV acquisition are either rare or have smaller effects than can be detected by this sample size