Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy Associated With Biphasic Phosphate Calcium on Bone Repair: A Histomorphometric Study in Rats

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy associate with biphasic calcium phosphate on calvaria critical defects in rats. Methods: Forty-eight (90days old) adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus, Albinus variation, Wistar) received critical defects with 5 mm in diameter were made on their skull and were randomly assigned into the groups: C-blood clot, B-biphasic calcium phosphate, L-photobiomodulation therapy and B+L-biphasic calcium phosphate+photobiomodulation therapy. A low-level GaAlAs was applied in a single dose tran-surgically, in a wavelength 660 nm, total dense energy density of 45 J/cm2. At 30 and 60 days, animals from each group were euthanized. Histological and histomorphometric analyzes were performed.  Results: In 30 days, almost all specimens (C, L, B and B+L) showed bone neoformation areas in regions near the borders of the surgical defect. In 60 days, in many specimens (C, L, B, B+L), it was possible to see a narrow neoformed bone structure along almost the whole extension of the surgical defect, though being thinner than the original calvary bone.  Data were recorded as mean ± standard deviation, after normality was tested, suitable statistical test was applied (α= 5%). At 60 days, there was a statistically significant difference when comparing the proportion of neoformation area between group L (0.52%±0.13) and B+L (0.20%±0.08). Group L showed a difference compared with all the groups when comparing the remaining distance between de edges of neoformed bone (C×L, p=0.0431; B×L, p=0.0386; L×B+L, p=0.0352), demonstrating a great defect closure.  Conclusions: Our findings suggest that photobiomodulation therapy applied at 45 J/cm² resulted in the highest percentage of bone neoformation area after 60 days, although biphasic calcium phosphate exerts some osteogenic activity during bone repair, photobiomodulation therapy is not able to modulate this process

Avaliação do risco ocupacional e qualidade de vida dos profissionais de enfermagem, técnicos de enfermagem e cuidadores de idosos do lar geriátrico Padre Venâncio / Evaluation of occupational risk and quality of life of nursing professionals, nursing technicians and caregivers of the geriatric home Padre Venâncio

Introdução: O risco ocupacional e a qualidade de vida são de suma importância para a saúde do indivíduo, porém ela depende de muitos fatores, dentre eles destaca-se o trabalho. A forma como o indivíduo se relaciona com o seu trabalho tem causado grande preocupação, pois as principais causas são o desgaste físico e o adoecimento. Objetivos: Verificar o risco ocupacional e qualidade de vida dos profissionais de enfermagem, técnicos de enfermagem e cuidadores de idosos do lar geriátrico Padre Venâncio. Método: O estudo foi desenvolvido no lar geriátrico Padre Verâncio, com os profissionais de enfermagem, técnicos de enfermagem e cuidadores de idosos. O estudo é de caráter observacional, descritivo-analítico, de corte transversal e quantitativo. A amostra foi composta de 9 indivíduos do sexo feminino, foram aplicados os questionários sociodemográfico, Censo de Ergonomia, Checklist de Couto e WHOQOL-Bref. Resultados: foi constatado que (100%) dos participantes são mulheres, a média de idade foi de 41,44 anos, em que a região de maior desconforto nos cuidadores e técnicos de enfermagem (44,44%) foram na coluna, apenas um participante que o mesmo era profissional de enfermagem apresentou dor nas regiões do ombro e pescoço. Na amostra (88,89%) tiveram condição ergonômica de fator biomecânico de moderada importância, apenas (11,11%) apresentou fator biomecânico pouco significativo. A pontuação no WHOQOL-Bref, por domínio foi: físico = 16,38, psicológico = 15,56, social = 15,11 e ambiental = 11,58. Conclusão: Desta forma, os resultados encontrados ampliam o conhecimento acerca do tema abordado e alertam para a necessidade da discussão sobre a saúde do trabalhador afim de que, através da identificação dos problemas, sejam estudadas propostas de implementação de intervenções com objetivo de minimizar os riscos aos quais estes profissionais estão submetidos durante sua jornada de trabalho

Entendendo a anestesia inalatória na Cesária: revisão sistemática

Introduction: Inhalation anesthesia in cesarean section is a commonly employed anesthetic approach to provide analgesia and anesthesia during the cesarean surgical procedure. This method utilizes inhalation-administered anesthetic agents, usually through a face mask or endotracheal tube, to induce and maintain the required anesthetic state. Methodology: A systematic literature review on "Understanding Inhalation Anesthesia in Cesarean Section" was conducted based on rigorous criteria to ensure the selection of relevant and high-quality studies. The search was delimited by the descriptors "Anesthesia," "Inhalation," "Cesarean Section," and "Inhalation Anesthesia," focusing on the last 5 years (2019 to 2023) and research conducted from April 20, 2023, to November 29, 2023. Result: Pre-delivery procedures required careful anesthetic attention, and the adopted approach could vary significantly depending on the natureIntrodução: A anestesia inalatória na cesariana é uma abordagem anestésica comumente empregada para fornecer analgesia e anestesia durante o procedimento cirúrgico de cesariana. Este método utiliza agentes anestésicos administrados por inalação, geralmente através de uma máscara facial ou tubo endotraqueal, para induzir e manter o estado anestésico necessário. Metodologia: Uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre "Entendendo a Anestesia Inalatória na Cesariana" foi elaborada com base em critérios rigorosos para garantir a seleção de estudos relevantes e de qualidade. A pesquisa foi delimitada pelos descritores Anesthesia, Inhalatio, Cesarean Section, Inhalation Anesthesia, com foco nos últimos 5 anos (2019 a 2023) e pesquisas realizadas no período de 20/04/2023 a 29/11 /2023. Resultado: Os procedimentos pré-parto exigiram um cuidado de atenção anestésica, sendo que a abordagem adotada pode variar significativamente de acordo com a natureza e a invasividade da intervenção planejada. Desde procedimentos mais simples até intervenções mais complexas, a escolha da anestesia desempenha um papel crucial no conforto do paciente e no sucesso técnico do procedimento. Conclusão: Os agentes anestésicos inalatórios mais comuns incluem o óxido nitroso, sevoflurano, desflurano e isoflurano. O óxido nitroso é frequentemente utilizado em combinação com outros agentes para fornecer analgesia suplementar. Esses agentes atuam no sistema nervoso central

MANEJO DE CRANIECTOMIA DESCOMPRESSIVA EM NEUROCIRURGIA PEDIÁTRICA

The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of pediatric decompressive craniectomy, covering from surgical decision-making to post-operative care and reintegration. The multidisciplinary analysis emphasizes the importance of monitoring, pain management, psychosocial support, and continuous education, aiming not only for surgical effectiveness but also the overall well-being of the child for a successful recovery. Methodology: This involves an integrative review with literature search in specialized databases such as PubMed and Scopus, using relevant terms related to decompressive craniectomy and pediatric neurosurgery, descriptors: "Craniectomy," "Decompressive Craniectomy," "Child Health," "Pediatric Care." Results: In the development, the article explores the phases of pediatric decompressive craniectomy, encompassing surgical decision-making, post-operative care, and reintegration. It emphasizes the importance of aspects such as monitoring, pain management, psychosocial support, and continuous education to promote a complete recovery. The integrative approach seeks a holistic understanding, considering both medical and emotional-social aspects. Conclusion: Pediatric decompressive craniectomy requires comprehensive care, including monitoring and emotional support. Successful reintegration is promoted through continuous guidance, covering home care and school adaptations. This approach aims for surgical effectiveness and overall well-being in recovery.O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer uma visão abrangente sobre a craniectomia descompressiva em crianças, abordando desde a decisão cirúrgica até os cuidados pós-operatórios e reintegração. A análise multidisciplinar destaca a importância da monitorização, manejo da dor, apoio psicossocial e educação contínua, visando não apenas a eficácia cirúrgica, mas também o bem-estar global da criança para uma recuperação bem-sucedida. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com a busca de literatura em bases de dados especializadas, como PubMed e Scopus, utilizando termos relevantes relacionados à craniectomia descompressiva e neurocirurgia pediátrica, os descritores: “Craniectomia”, “Craniectomia Descompressiva”, “Saúde da Criança”, “Cuidado Infantil”. Resultados: No desenvolvimento, o artigo explora as fases da craniectomia descompressiva pediátrica, abrangendo a decisão cirúrgica, cuidados pós-operatórios e reintegração. Destaca a importância de aspectos como monitorização, manejo da dor, apoio psicossocial e educação contínua para promover uma recuperação completa. A abordagem integrativa busca uma compreensão holística, considerando tanto os aspectos médicos quanto os emocionais e sociais. Conclusão: A craniectomia descompressiva em crianças demanda cuidados abrangentes, incluindo monitorização e suporte emocional. A reintegração bem-sucedida é promovida por meio de orientações contínuas, abrangendo cuidados em casa e adaptações escolares. Essa abordagem visa eficácia cirúrgica e bem-estar total na recuperação

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

How much leaf area do insects eat? A data set of insect herbivory sampled globally with a standardized protocol

Herbivory is ubiquitous. Despite being a potential driver of plant distribution and performance, herbivory remains largely undocumented. Some early attempts have been made to review, globally, how much leaf area is removed through insect feeding. Kozlov et al., in one of the most comprehensive reviews regarding global patterns of herbivory, have compiled published studies regarding foliar removal and sampled data on global herbivory levels using a standardized protocol. However, in the review by Kozlov et al., only 15 sampling sites, comprising 33 plant species, were evaluated in tropical areas around the globe. In Brazil, which ranks first in terms of plant biodiversity, with a total of 46,097 species, almost half (43%) being endemic, a single data point was sampled, covering only two plant species. In an attempt to increase knowledge regarding herbivory in tropical plant species and to provide the raw data needed to test general hypotheses related to plant–herbivore interactions across large spatial scales, we proposed a joint, collaborative network to evaluate tropical herbivory. This network allowed us to update and expand the data on insect herbivory in tropical and temperate plant species. Our data set, collected with a standardized protocol, covers 45 sampling sites from nine countries and includes leaf herbivory measurements of 57,239 leaves from 209 species of vascular plants belonging to 65 families from tropical and temperate regions. They expand previous data sets by including a total of 32 sampling sites from tropical areas around the globe, comprising 152 species, 146 of them being sampled in Brazil. For temperate areas, it includes 13 sampling sites, comprising 59 species

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost