326 research outputs found
Transgenerational consequences of PTSD: risk factors for the mental health of children whose mothers have been exposed to the Rwandan genocide
Roth M, Neuner F, Elbert T. Transgenerational consequences of PTSD: risk factors for the mental health of children whose mothers have been exposed to the Rwandan genocide. International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2014;8(1): 12.Background: Understanding how parental Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may or may not affect the development and mental health in the offspring is particularly important in conflict regions, where trauma-related illness is endemic. In Rwanda, organised atrocities and the genocide against the Tutsi of 1994 have left a significant fraction of the population with chronic PTSD. The aim of the present investigation was to establish whether PTSD in mothers is associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and aggressive and antisocial behaviour in their children. Methods: A community sample of 125 Rwandan mothers who experienced the genocide of 1994 and their 12-year-old children were interviewed. Using a structured interview, symptoms of maternal PTSD and children's depression, anxiety, and aggressive and antisocial behaviour were assessed by trained and on-site supervised local B. A. psychologists. The interview also included a detailed checklist of event types related to family violence. Results: In showing that a maternal PTSD was not associated with child's psychopathology, the results contradict the assumption of straight "trans-generational trauma transmission". Instead, a child's exposure to maternal family violence posed a significant risk factor for a negative mental health outcome. Furthermore, it was not maternal PTSD-symptoms but mother's exposure to family violence during her own childhood that was associated with the magnitude of adversities that a child experiences at home. Conclusions: Contrary to a simple model of a trans-generational transmission of trauma, neither maternal PTSD nor maternal traumatic experiences were directly associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, or antisocial and aggressive behaviour in the children. Instead, the present results suggest a relationship between parental child rearing practices and children's mental health. Furthermore, the study details the "cycle of violence", showing a significant link between maternal violence against a child and its mother's experience of childhood maltreatment
Translational approaches to understanding resilience to Alzheimer\u27s disease.
Individuals who maintain cognitive function despite high levels of Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD)-associated pathology are said to be \u27resilient\u27 to AD. Identifying mechanisms underlying resilience represents an exciting therapeutic opportunity. Human studies have identified a number of molecular and genetic factors associated with resilience, but the complexity of these cohorts prohibits a complete understanding of which factors are causal or simply correlated with resilience. Genetically and phenotypically diverse mouse models of AD provide new and translationally relevant opportunities to identify and prioritize new resilience mechanisms for further cross-species investigation. This review will discuss insights into resilience gained from both human and animal studies and highlight future approaches that may help translate these insights into therapeutics designed to prevent or delay AD-related dementia
Digital Modeling Phenomenon Of Surface Ground Movement
With the development of specialized software applications it was possible to approach and resolve complex problems concerning automating and process optimization for which are being used field data. Computerized representation of the shape and dimensions of the Earth requires a detailed mathematical modeling, known as "digital terrain model". The paper aims to present the digital terrain model of Vulcan mining, Hunedoara County, Romania. Modeling consists of a set of mathematical equations that define in detail the surface of Earth and has an approximate surface rigorously and mathematical, that calculated the land area. Therefore, the digital terrain model means a digital representation of the earth's surface through a mathematical model that approximates the land surface modeling, which can be used in various civil and industrial applications in. To achieve the digital terrain model of data recorded using linear and nonlinear interpolation method based on point survey which highlights the natural surface studied. Given the complexity of this work it is absolutely necessary to know in detail of all topographic elements of work area, without the actions to be undertaken to project and manipulate would not be possible. To achieve digital terrain model, within a specialized software were set appropriate parameters required to achieve this case study. After performing all steps we obtained digital terrain model of Vulcan Mine. Digital terrain model is the complex product, which has characteristics that are equivalent to the specialists that use satellite images and information stored in a digital model, this is easier to use
Routine frailty assessment predicts postoperative complications in elderly patients across surgical disciplines â a retrospective observational study
BACKGROUND:
Frailty is a frequent and underdiagnosed functional syndrome involving reduced physiological reserves and an increased vulnerability against stressors, with severe individual and socioeconomic consequences. A routine frailty assessment was implemented at our preoperative anaesthesia clinic to identify patients at risk.
OBJECTIVE:
This study examines the relationship between frailty status and the incidence of in-hospital postoperative complications in elderly surgical patients across several surgical disciplines.
DESIGN:
Retrospective observational analysis.
SETTING:
Single center, major tertiary care university hospital. Data collection took place between June 2016 and March 2017.
PATIENTS:
Patients 65âyears old or older were evaluated for frailty using Fried's 5-point frailty assessment prior to elective non-cardiac surgery. Patients were classified into non-frail (0 criteria, reference group), pre-frail (1-2 positive criteria) and frail (3-5 positive criteria) groups.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The incidence of postoperative complications was assessed until discharge from the hospital, using the roster from the National VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Propensity score matching and logistic regression analysis were performed.
RESULTS:
From 1186 elderly patients, 46.9% were classified as pre-frail (nâ=â556), and 11.4% as frail (nâ=â135). The rate of complications were significantly higher in the pre-frail (34.7%) and frail groups (47.4%), as compared to the non-frail group (27.5%). Similarly, length of stay (non-frail: 5.0 [3.0;7.0], pre-frail: 7.0 [3.0;9.0], frail 8.0 [4.5;12.0]; pâ<â0.001) and discharges to care facilities (non-frail:1.6%, pre-frail: 7.4%, frail: 17.8%); pâ<â0.001) were significantly associated with frailty status. After propensity score matching and logistic regression analysis, the risk for developing postoperative complications was approximately two-fold for pre-frail (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.04-3.05) and frail (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.21-3.60) patients.
CONCLUSIONS:
The preoperative frailty assessment of elderly patients identified pre-frail and frail subgroups to have the highest rate of postoperative complications, regardless of age, surgical discipline, and surgical risk. Significantly increased length of hospitalisation and discharges to care facilities were also observed. Implementation of routine frailty assessments appear to be an effective tool in identifying patients with increased risk. Now future studies are needed to investigate whether patients benefit from optimization of patient counselling, process planning, and risk reduction protocols based on the application of risk stratification
ĐĐŸĐŽĐ”ŃĐœĐžĐ·Đ°ŃĐžŃ ŃĐ”Ń ĐœĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃĐ° ŃĐ±ĐŸŃĐ° Đž ŃŃОлОзаŃОО газа ĐœĐ° ŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐŸĐČĐșĐ°Ń ĐżĐŸĐŽĐłĐŸŃĐŸĐČĐșĐž ĐœĐ”ŃŃĐž ĐœĐ° ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐŸŃĐŸĐ¶ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžŃŃ ĐĐ°ĐżĐ°ĐŽĐœĐŸĐč ХОбОŃĐž
ĐбŃĐ”ĐșŃĐŸĐŒ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐČĐ»ŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ŃĐ”Ń
ĐœĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžĐč ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃ ĐżĐŸĐŽĐłĐŸŃĐŸĐČĐșĐž ŃĐșĐČĐ°Đ¶ĐžĐœĐœĐŸĐč ĐżŃĐŸĐŽŃĐșŃОО Đž ĐŸŃŃŃĐșĐž газа ĐœĐ° ŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐŸĐČĐșĐ” ĐżĐŸĐŽĐłĐŸŃĐŸĐČĐșĐž ĐœĐ”ŃŃĐž (ĐŁĐĐ) Đż. ĐĐžĐŸĐœĐ”ŃĐœŃĐč ĐĐ°ŃŃĐ»ŃĐłĐžĐœŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐœĐ”ŃŃŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐŸŃĐŸĐ¶ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐ°ĐœĐžĐž ĐĐ "ĐąĐŸĐŒŃĐșĐœĐ”ŃŃŃ" ĐĐĐ, Đ° ŃĐ°ĐșжД ŃĐ”Ń
ĐœĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżŃĐžĐŒĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐłĐ°Đ·Đ° ĐœĐ° ĐŽĐŸĐ¶ĐžĐŒĐœĐŸĐč ĐșĐŸĐœŃĐ”ĐčĐœĐ”ŃĐœĐŸĐč ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżŃĐ”ŃŃĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐč ŃŃĐ°ĐœŃОО (ĐĐĐĐĄ). ЊДлŃŃ ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœĐŸĐč ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ ŃĐČĐ»ŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżŃĐžĐŒĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ĐżĐŸĐżŃŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐœĐ”ŃŃŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ газа ĐŽĐŸĐ±ŃŃĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐœĐ° ĐČŃĐŸŃĐŸĐč ŃŃŃĐżĐ”ĐœĐž ŃДпаŃĐ°ŃОО ĐœĐ° ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ”ĐșŃĐ” ĐŁĐĐ "ĐĐžĐŸĐœĐ”ŃĐœŃĐč" Đž ĐŽĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ŃДлŃŃŃĐČĐŸ ŃŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐĐĐĐĄ.
Đ ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃĐ” ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đœ Đ°ĐœĐ°Đ»ĐžĐ· ŃŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ ĐŽĐŸĐ¶ĐžĐŒĐœĐŸĐč ĐșĐŸĐœŃĐ”ĐčĐœĐ”ŃĐœĐŸĐč ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżŃĐ”ŃŃĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐč ŃŃĐ°ĐœŃОО. Đ ŃДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃĐ” ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ Đ±Ńла ĐŽĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ĐœĐ° ŃŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐČĐœĐ”ĐŽŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐĐĐĐĄ ĐČ ŃĐ”Ń
ĐœĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžĐč ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ”ĐșŃĐ° ĐŁĐĐ "ĐĐžĐŸĐœĐ”ŃĐœŃĐč", ĐżŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ŃĐœĐžĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐșĐŸĐ»ĐžŃĐ”ŃŃĐČĐ° ĐČŃĐ”ĐŽĐœŃŃ
ĐČŃбŃĐŸŃĐŸĐČ ĐČ Đ°ŃĐŒĐŸŃŃĐ”ŃŃ.The object of the study is the technological process of well production preparation and gas dehydration at the oil treatment unit (OTP) of the Pionerny settlement of the Katylginsky oil field of the JSC Tomskneft VNK, as well as the technology of gas compression at the booster container compressor station (DCKS). The purpose of this work is to compress associated petroleum gas produced at the second stage of separation at the Pioneer OTF facility and to prove the efficiency of using the DCS. In the course of the study, the analysis of the efficiency of the booster container compressor station was carried out
Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications
Although sex and gender are recognized as major determinants of health and immunity, their role israrely considered in clinical practice and public health. We identified six bottlenecks preventing theinclusion of sex and gender considerations from basic science to clinical practice, precision medicineand public health policies. (i) A terminology-related bottleneck, linked to the definitions of sex andgender themselves, and the lack of consensus on how to evaluate gender. (ii) A data-relatedbottleneck, due to gaps in sex-disaggregated data, data on trans/non-binary people and genderidentity. (iii) A translational bottleneck, limited by animal models and the underrepresentation ofgender minorities in biomedical studies. (iv) A statistical bottleneck, with inappropriate statisticalanalyses and results interpretation. (v) An ethical bottleneck posed by the underrepresentation ofpregnant people and gender minorities in clinical studies. (vi) A structural bottleneck, as systemicbias and discriminations affect not only academic research but also decision makers. We specifyguidelines for researchers, scientific journals, funding agencies and academic institutions to addressthese bottlenecks. Following such guidelines will support the development of more efficient andequitable care strategies for all
Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications
Although sex and gender are recognized as major determinants of health and immunity, their role is rarely considered in clinical practice and public health. We identified six bottlenecks preventing the inclusion of sex and gender considerations from basic science to clinical practice, precision medicine and public health policies. (i) A terminology-related bottleneck, linked to the definitions of sex and gender themselves, and the lack of consensus on how to evaluate gender. (ii) A data-related bottleneck, due to gaps in sex-disaggregated data, data on trans/non-binary people and gender identity. (iii) A translational bottleneck, limited by animal models and the underrepresentation of gender minorities in biomedical studies. (iv) A statistical bottleneck, with inappropriate statistical analyses and results interpretation. (v) An ethical bottleneck posed by the underrepresentation of pregnant people and gender minorities in clinical studies. (vi) A structural bottleneck, as systemic bias and discriminations affect not only academic research but also decision makers. We specify guidelines for researchers, scientific journals, funding agencies and academic institutions to address these bottlenecks. Following such guidelines will support the development of more efficient and equitable care strategies for all
Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications.
Although sex and gender are recognized as major determinants of health and immunity, their role is rarely considered in clinical practice and public health. We identified six bottlenecks preventing the inclusion of sex and gender considerations from basic science to clinical practice, precision medicine and public health policies. (i) A terminology-related bottleneck, linked to the definitions of sex and gender themselves, and the lack of consensus on how to evaluate gender. (ii) A data-related bottleneck, due to gaps in sex-disaggregated data, data on trans/non-binary people and gender identity. (iii) A translational bottleneck, limited by animal models and the underrepresentation of gender minorities in biomedical studies. (iv) A statistical bottleneck, with inappropriate statistical analyses and results interpretation. (v) An ethical bottleneck posed by the underrepresentation of pregnant people and gender minorities in clinical studies. (vi) A structural bottleneck, as systemic bias and discriminations affect not only academic research but also decision makers. We specify guidelines for researchers, scientific journals, funding agencies and academic institutions to address these bottlenecks. Following such guidelines will support the development of more efficient and equitable care strategies for all
Quantum numbers of the state and orbital angular momentum in its decay
Angular correlations in decays, with , and , are used to measure
orbital angular momentum contributions and to determine the value of
the meson. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3.0
fb of proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector. This
determination, for the first time performed without assuming a value for the
orbital angular momentum, confirms the quantum numbers to be .
The is found to decay predominantly through S wave and an upper limit
of at C.L. is set on the fraction of D wave.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
Progranulin Gene Variability and Plasma Levels in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia
Basing on the assumption that frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BPD) might share common aetiological mechanisms, we analyzed genetic variation in the FTLD risk gene progranulin (GRN) in a German population of patients with schizophrenia (nâ=â271) or BPD (nâ=â237) as compared with 574 age-, gender- and ethnicity-matched controls. Furthermore, we measured plasma progranulin levels in 26 German BPD patients as well as in 61 Italian BPD patients and 29 matched controls
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