Models and heuristics for forest management with environmental restrictions

Tese de doutoramento, Estatística e Investigação Operacional (Otimização), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2018The main focus of this thesis was to develop mathematical models and methods in integer programming for solving harvest scheduling problems with environmental restrictions. Constraints on maximum clearcut area, minimum total habitat area, minimum total core area and inter-habitat connectivity were addressed for this purpose. The research was structured in a collection of three papers, each one describing the study of a different forest harvest scheduling problem with respect to the environmental constraints. Problems of papers 1 and 2 aim at maximizing the net present value. A bi objective problem is considered in paper 3. The objectives are the maximization of the net present value and the maximization of the inter-habitat connectivity. The tree search methods branch-and-bound and multiobjective Monte Carlo tree search were designed specifically to solve the problems. The methods could be used as heuristics, as a time limit of 2 hours was imposed. All harvest scheduling problems were based on the socalled cluster formulation. The proposed models and methods were tested with sixteen real and hypothetical instances ranging from small to large. The results obtained for branch-and-bound and Monte Carlo tree search show that these methods were able to find solutions for all instances. The results suggest that it is possible to address the environmental restrictions with small reductions of the net present value. With respect to the forestry fragmentation caused by harvestings, the results suggest that, although clearcut size constraints tend to disperse clearcuts across the forest, compromising the development of large habitats, close to each other, the proposed models, with the other environmental constraints, attempt to mitigate this effect

The Importance of Clusters for Sustainable Innovation Processes: The Context of Small and Medium Sized Regions

The purpose of the current paper is to provide a critical state-of-the-art review of current research on clusters and its correlation to innovation dynamics in small and medium-sized regions. In particular, we focus on the systematization of the main concepts and theoretical insights that are tributary to the cluster overview in terms of its relevance for the sustainability of the innovation processes, knowledge production and diffusion, which take place inside small and medium-sized regions. The present working paper takes into account the initial studies on English industrial districts (in the nineteenth century), passing through the Italian industrial districts (in the 70s and 80s of the twentieth century), until the modern theories of business clusters and innovation systems. These frameworks constitute the basis of an approach to endogenous development, which gives a central role to the interaction between economic actors, the society and the institutions and to the identification, mobilization and combination of potential resources within a particular geographical area.Cluster; Innovation; Endogenous development; Territory.

Do hereditary syndrome-related gynecologic cancers have any specific features?

Hereditary syndromes are responsible for 10 % of gynaecologic cancers, among which hereditary breastovarian cancer and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndromes, known as HBOC and Lynch syndromes respectively, present the highest relative risk. The latter predisposes to endometrial cancer and both contribute to ovarian cancer. Cowden syndrome-related endometrial cancer and the increased risk of ovarian, uterine and cervical cancers associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, are also demonstrated, while Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients are prone to develop ovarian and endometrial cancers. Despite these syndromes’ susceptibility to gynaecologic cancers being consensual, it is still not clear whether these tumours have any epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic or imaging specific features that could allow any of the intervening physicians to raise suspicion of a hereditary syndrome in patients without known genetic risk. Moreover, controversy exists regarding both screening and surveillance schemes. Our literature review provides an updated perspective on the evidence-based specific features of tumours related to each of these syndromes as well as on the most accepted screening and surveillance guidelines. In addition, some illustrative cases are presented

Indicadores de idoneidade didática em contexto de formação inicial de professores: o caso da Ana

O objetivo desta comunicação é apresentar um caso sobre a aplicação do conceito de idoneidade didática, num contexto de formação inicial de professores de matemática, desenvolvido numa Instituição do Ensino Superior portuguesa. O caso apresentado indica que a futura professora revela conhecer, compreender e valorizar o conceito de idoneidade didática, através da sua aplicação coerente e sustentada, quer ao nível da preparação do ensino de um conceito matemático, quer ao nível da reflexão após o processo de ensino desse mesmo conceito. O caso desta futura professora permite compreender a contribuição da idoneidade didática na promoção de competências na análise didática do ensino e da aprendizagem de conceitos matemáticos.Abstract. This presentation has the goal of depicting a case concerning the application of the concept of didactical suitability, in a context of mathematics teachers' initial training, developed in a Portuguese University. The case in question shows a teacher apprentice that is aware of and intent on valuing the concept of didactical probity through its cohesive and sustained application. The future teacher accomplishes this as much at the step of teaching preparation regarding a mathematical concept, as at the step of posterior reflection on the teaching process of said concept. This future teacher's case allows us to understand the contribution of didactical suitability in the promotion of competences in didactical analysis of the teaching and learning of mathematical concepts

Gamification strategies with Augmented Reality for learning regarding attitudes of nature conservation in the scope of the EduPARK project

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Uranus, Cronus and Zeus: Greek mythology and its differents conceptions about time

Reality of Time is an abstract and intuitive concept. Temporality can be experienced and understood, but cannot be felt. Even the experience of Time becomes ambiguous if we think in natural time (as eternal and unchanging) and human time (as changeable and finite) as two distinct instances of a common reality. Depending on this perception, Time is simultaneously, as defined by Mircea Eliade, “sacred” and “profane”: eternal and recoverable, historical and irreducible. In this article, we intend to examine briefly the figures of Uranus, Cronus and Zeus as symbolic representatives of these two different conceptions of Time in the ancient Hellenic imagination

Assessment of learning and mathematical knowledge on viewing three dimensional objects

En este trabajo se plantea el problema de evaluación de los conocimientos didáctico-matemáticos que tienen los profesores en formación sobre la visualización de objetos tridimensionales y se describe el proceso de construcción de un cuestionario para dicho propósito. A partir del análisis de las investigaciones sobre el tema, de los contenidos presentes en los libros de texto y de los objetivos descritos en los currículos, se motiva y describe la selección de cinco categorías de tareas sobre visualización de objetos tridimensionales. La estructura de cada ítem y los enunciados de las consignas reflejan algunos aspectos específicos de las diferentes componentes del conocimiento didáctico-matemático que se quieren evaluar. El análisis de un ítem del cuestionario y de las respuestas dadas por una alumna clarifica los tipos de conocimientos evaluados y la utilidad del cuestionario para orientar la formación de profesores en el tema de visualización espacial.In this paper we consider the problem of assessing didactic and mathematic pre-service teachers’ knowledge about visualization of three dimensional objects and we describe the development of a test for this purpose. From the analysis of researches on the subject, the contents found in textbooks and the objectives described in the curricular design, we describe the selection of five kinds of task. The structure of each item and the formulation of the instructions take into account some specific aspects of the different components of the didactics and mathematics teachers’ knowledge that we want to measure. The analysis both of a test’ item and a pre-service teacher’s answers brings clarity to the different evaluated kinds of knowledge and show the usefulness of the test to guide the teachers’ training in the field of spatial visualization

Uranos, Cronos e Zeus : a mitologia grega e suas distintas percepções do tempo

A realidade do tempo é uma noção asbtrata e intuitiva. A temporalidade pode ser experienciada e compreendida, mas não sentida. Emesmo a experiência do tempo se torna ambígua, se pensarmos no tempo natural (eterno e imutável) e no tempo humano (mutável e finito) como duas instâncias distintas de uma realidade comum. Consoante tal percepção, o tempo é simultaneamente, como define Mircea Eliade, "sagrado" e "profano": eterno e recuperável, histórico e irredutível. É neste sentido que pretendemos analisar brevemente as figuras de Úranos, Cronos e Zeus como representantes simbólicos dessas duas diferentes concepções do tempo no antigo imaginário helênico.Reality of Time is an abstract and intuitive concept. Temporality can be experienced and understood, but cannot be felt. Even the experience of Time becomes ambiguous if we think in natural time (as eternal and unchanging) and human time (as changeable and finite) as two distinct instances of a common reality. Depending on this perception, Time is simultaneously, as defined by Mircea Eliade, "sacred" and "profane": eternal and recoverable, historical and irreducible. In this article, we intend to examine briefly the figures of Uranus, Cronus and Zeus as symbolic representatives of these two different conceptions of Time in the ancient Hellenic imagination

a cross-sectional study in Portugal"

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