TCP is Bottleneck of Video Streaming via OTT

Video Services using Over-The-Top (OTT) becomes extremely popular in all countries but video streaming through unguaranteed path in Internet cause a lot of problems to keep the Quality of Experience (QoE) on a suitable level. In the previous works of research, the influence of Quality of Service (QoS) parameters on re-buffering effect were done. Here we continue this research for video with higher resolution 1080p, 2K or also 4K. The primary purpose of this research is to investigate how delay and packet loss influence on re-buffering effect in HLS, RTMP and MPEG-DASH streaming protocols delivering high resolution video

A Study of Influencing Factors on the Quality of Experience Perception in Video Streaming

Video Services using Over-The-Top (OTI) becomes extremely popular in all countries but video streaming through unguaranteed path in Internet cause a lot of problems of keeping the Quality of Experience (QoE) on a suitable level In the previous works of authors the influence of Quality of Service (QoS) parameters on QoE were studied using subjective assessment. As a result of this study objective QoE metrics: the frequency and duration of re-buffering were chosen as main parameters of customer perception. The dependency of these metrics from QoS parameters were obtained for separate inftuence factors (packet loss, delay, bitrate). In this paper the results of studies of complex influencing factors on QoE are presented. Combination of the inftuencing QoS factors cause the degradation of the threshold after which re-buffering starts. The comparison of resistance to complex influencing factors for different video streaming technologies (Pseudo-HTIP streaming, R and HDS)were done.The results of comparison show that different streaming technologies react on combination of packet loss, throughput and delays in a various ways. The recommendations for using video streaming technologies with OTT are done

POLICE CULTURE AND OFFICER BEHAVIOR: APPLICATION OF A MULTILEVEL FRAMEWORK

Although recent advancements have been made in the understanding and studying of police culture, several significant gaps remain, including deficiencies in theoretical development and the lack of research on culture\u27s influence on police practice. In the current study, we apply a multilevel theoretical framework to the examination of officers’ cultural attitudes and behavior to help bridge these gaps. In doing so, police culture is treated as a collective feature of patrol groups as opposed to as an individual-level attribute. Furthermore, we extend previous work by introducing the concept of culture strength as a moderator of the culture–behavior relationship. After drawing on survey and behavioral data from a national multimethod project, we then test this framework with two empirical examples from each of the primary work environments (i.e., street and organization) in which police culture originates and operates. The findings reveal that workgroup culture is associated with officers’ behaviors, representing a collective effect, and that the relationship between culture and behavior may not always be linear. The results provide support for incorporating a multilevel approach to the study of police culture and officer behavior