Woodward Willis Building- Fire and Life Safety Evaluation

This project report is an academic exercise, completed as part of the MS Fire Protection Engineering program at California Polytechnic State University. This project is a culminating report with regards to life safety analysis of the Woodward Willis Building located in Detroit Michigan, which utilizes the fundamental and applied courses of the fire protection engineering program. The analysis is based on a prescriptive analysis of the building and its features, and also a performance analysis which entails the life safety aspect of the building. The analysis of the building is performed in accordance with NFPA 101 Life Safety Code 2015 Edition and its references as well as being supplemented by the SFPE Handbook 5th Edition. The building is analyzed as a new structure as it is currently under construction. The Woodward Willis building is three stories and is comprised of a technical college, storefronts, and a parking garage. These areas reveal occupancy classifications of educational, mercantile, and storage to be considered in the analysis. The building is situated on the northwest corner at the intersection of Woodward Avenue and Willis Street with frontage on each road. The north frontage of the building faces a factory and is separated by an alley. This alley is greater than 10 feet wide, which allows a separation distance fire resistance rating of 0 hours along this side of the building. The east side of the building faces a McDonald\u27s property and is also greater than 10 feet, allowing it to have required fire resistance rating on the exterior of the building as well. The prescriptive analysis concludes that, in general the building is in compliance with the applicable codes and standards from a fire protection standpoint. These results are based on the information available at this time and are not taking into consideration any modifications to the construction process beyond this time. A final as built scenario shall include final testing and inspection of all the systems in a typical scenario in which the building will be used. At this point, the building shall have all fire protection systems fully commissioned by a certified fire protection contractor before occupancy. The performance based analysis addressed the life safety of the building in the event of a fire. The building was inspected during a period when the rooms within were partially furnished during construction. In this state, it was determined that the most likely fire scenario would occur via an electrical failure on a makeshift cardboard desk in a classroom on the 3rd floor. The analysis revealed that the building meets the performance criteria of the Life Safety Code in the current stage of the building. In the analyzed fire scenario, the egress capabilities are proven to exceed the potential for occupants to be harmed by the fire. This scenario would need to be confirmed compatible under normal operating conditions to remain true. If the conditions of the building are changed or altered, the scenario would need to be readdressed and analyzed to meet the status of the building

Experience of Problem‐Based Learning for Raising Quality of Nursing Study

Introduction: Problem‐based learning is a teaching method that encourages critical thinking, group interaction, and application of the theory into practice. Transition to active forms of learning, with integrating problem‐solving strategies, will help to raise the quality of education. The aim of the study is to determine students’ evaluation of problem‐based learning in the study of nursing

Complications associated with implantation and use of totally implantable venous access port in pediatric and adult patients: a scoping review

Introduction: The use of totally implantable venous access port systems (TIVAPS) is crucial for long-term intravenous treatment in children and adults patients. The purpose of this article is to examine the extent of existing research on complications related to implantation and management of TIVAPS. Methods: A scoping review was performed from September to December in 2019. The MEDLINE, CINAHL and PubMed databases were used to review and analyse the literature using various combinations of keywords and their English-language synonyms. Quantitative clinical research published from 2010 to December 2019 were included in the analysis. The PRISMA-ScR recommendations were followed. Results: Out of the 219 search results, 26 studies were included in the final analysis. To identify complications associated with the implantation and handling of TIVAPS, free codes were identified by thematic analysis leading to the development of 17 primary grade descriptive subthemes. For the development of the thematic framework, all secondary level sub-topics were synthesized into three main themes: time-bound complications, infection-related complications, and TIVAPS removal complications. Discussion: Nurses who use TIVAPS on children and adult patients should be aware of the possible complications associated with TIVAPS. Refinement of surgical techniques and improving care process may improve the longevity of the line. Proper and careful management with TIVADs and more frequent observation by nurses are likely to have positive consequences for patients and positive cost implications for the hospital

Learning At Work: Employer Role and Employee Agency in Sustaining Learning

Learning at work currently faces the challenge of being sustained in workplaces. Research has shown that, although many employers express their intentions and desire to train and develop their employees, often their rhetoric does not match the reality of their practices. Although, the thesis leverages the idea that there is a partial coincidence of interest between employers and employees at work which was also evident in learning. This study, therefore, explored the practices of learning at work and the avenues that can sustain it over time. To do this, the study investigated the practices, perceptions and agency of the stakeholders of the employment relationship – employers and employees – to make this contribution. Through qualitative research, the study examined the practices of employers, the perspectives and the agency of employees in regard to learning at work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants in a multiple case study of two Nigerian banks. The research found that, while employers had well-set-out policies, processes and procedures for learning, administrative encumbrances affected the effectiveness of their purpose and outcomes. At the same time, employer-funded learning contributed mainly to formal learning structures in the banks. Second, the research found that while employers held a view that their learning systems supported learning adequately, employees held somewhat mixed views from employers and this impacted their perception of learning at work. This perception led to feelings of dissatisfaction and frustration, which led employees to respond. Third, the research found that in response to the deficiencies of the employer-funded learning, and for other reasons, employees exercised agency by initiating learning for themselves to bridge the gap, and also position themselves for career progression. While employers were interested in job-related learning, employees were interested in developmental learning that could also influence their job performance. The research, therefore, concluded that for learning at work to be sustained in work, both employer practices and employee agency are relevant to its achievement

Comparing Students’ Self-Assessment with Teachers’ Assessment of Clinical Skills Using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)

Evaluation of clinical skills is a demanding and complex process and is dependent on many complex factors, such as teaching and learning approaches, simulated learning, and psychometrically validated assessment tools. Therefore, it is imperative that adequate strategies and methods are employed to evaluate the success of a nursing care activity. One such strategy in the field of nursing care is the application of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) of a nursing activity. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of evaluating nursing activities in a simulated clinical environment with OSCE to determine synchronicity of the teacher and student assessment. A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which we compared the evaluation of nursing activity by the teacher and the 51 students. Summative content analysis was used to analyze open-ended questions about possible improvement of performed nursing activity. The data showed a large discrepancy (81.9%) in evaluating nursing activity between the teacher and the student. The synchronicity between the teacher and student assessment modality occurred only in 18%. Students were mostly less successful in their assessment of competence with knowledge about carrying out interventions (36.5%), preparing for interventions (24.3%), and infection control (14.4%). Clinical skills acquisition remains an essential element of a student nurse’s development, as competence in nursing skills is essential to patient safety. Simulation is viewed as an increasingly popular approach to the teaching and assessing of clinical skills. The process of evaluating nursing activity demands the usage of objective instruments that require objectivity, fairness, impartiality, and comprehension. The use of OSCE is one such method of promoting reliable and valid assessments in nursing skills

Informal water garden in the example of botanic garden of college of science in Zagreb

Vodeni vrtovi pridonose kvaliteti boravka u otvorenom prostoru i doživljaju sjedinjenja čovjeka i njegovog okoliša. U nas su nažalost prilično zanemareni i ne pridaje im se potrebna pažnja. Rezultat toga je da oni u javnom prostoru gotovo da i ne postoje jer ih prati neutemeljena predrasuda da su izuzetno zahtjevni za održavanje i samim time izuzetno skupi. Da bi vodeni vrt bio kvalitetno uređen i da se minimalizira njegovo održavanje, vrlo je važno precizno i sistematizirano odabrati biljni materijal. Botanički vrt PMF-a, utemeljen 1889. godine, jedan je od rijetkih javnih prostora koji sadrži vodene vrtove u svojoj strukturi i na koji se možemo referirati u domeni javnih vodenih vrtova u gradu Zagrebu. Na temelju prikupljene literature, obilaska terena u prijelaznom periodu iz jeseni u zimu 2006./2007., uz izradu detaljne foto-dokumentacije, zatim izvršene inventarizacije biljnog materijala neformalnog vodenog vrta u Botaničkom vrtu, izrađen je prijedlog sadnje biljnog materijala.Water gardens contribute to residence quality in open spaces and experience of joining human being and its environment. Unfortunately they are completely neglected in Croatia and haven’t had proper attention so far. The result is that they almost don’t exist in public spaces cause of prejudices that they are hard to maintain and expensive. For quality water garden design and its minimised maintenance it is crucial to have precise and systematic choice of plant material. Botanical garden, established in 1889, is one of rare public spaces that contain water gardens in its structure on witch we can refer to in a domain of public water gardens in city of Zagreb. Based on collected literature, field trips in transition period from fall to winter 2006./2007., detailed photo documentation, finished plant material inventory of informal garden in Botanical garden the plant material planting proposal has been made

Informal water garden in the example of botanic garden of college of science in Zagreb

Vodeni vrtovi pridonose kvaliteti boravka u otvorenom prostoru i doživljaju sjedinjenja čovjeka i njegovog okoliša. U nas su nažalost prilično zanemareni i ne pridaje im se potrebna pažnja. Rezultat toga je da oni u javnom prostoru gotovo da i ne postoje jer ih prati neutemeljena predrasuda da su izuzetno zahtjevni za održavanje i samim time izuzetno skupi. Da bi vodeni vrt bio kvalitetno uređen i da se minimalizira njegovo održavanje, vrlo je važno precizno i sistematizirano odabrati biljni materijal. Botanički vrt PMF-a, utemeljen 1889. godine, jedan je od rijetkih javnih prostora koji sadrži vodene vrtove u svojoj strukturi i na koji se možemo referirati u domeni javnih vodenih vrtova u gradu Zagrebu. Na temelju prikupljene literature, obilaska terena u prijelaznom periodu iz jeseni u zimu 2006./2007., uz izradu detaljne foto-dokumentacije, zatim izvršene inventarizacije biljnog materijala neformalnog vodenog vrta u Botaničkom vrtu, izrađen je prijedlog sadnje biljnog materijala.Water gardens contribute to residence quality in open spaces and experience of joining human being and its environment. Unfortunately they are completely neglected in Croatia and haven’t had proper attention so far. The result is that they almost don’t exist in public spaces cause of prejudices that they are hard to maintain and expensive. For quality water garden design and its minimised maintenance it is crucial to have precise and systematic choice of plant material. Botanical garden, established in 1889, is one of rare public spaces that contain water gardens in its structure on witch we can refer to in a domain of public water gardens in city of Zagreb. Based on collected literature, field trips in transition period from fall to winter 2006./2007., detailed photo documentation, finished plant material inventory of informal garden in Botanical garden the plant material planting proposal has been made

Legal framework of antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals (LEASH) : a European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) cross-sectional international survey

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is the cornerstone activity in the combat against antimicrobial resistance. In order to ensure sustainable deployment and development of AMS, a strategic and regulatory framework needs to be provided by national healthcare authorities. Experts from 32 European countries, Israel and Turkey were invited to participate in a cross-sectional internet-based survey from October 2016 to May 2017 on the legal framework and mandatory components (structures, activities) of AMS in hospitals, i.e. components required by legislation or regulations. We collected data from 25 countries and two regions (in countries with federal health administration). Laws regulating AMS existed in seven countries and one region. Other health ministry regulations were applicable in 13 countries and one region. National strategies and/or action plans approved by ministries of health were in place in 13 countries and one region. Conversely, five countries and one region had no regulation of AMS in hospitals. Funding for AMS in hospitals was provided in five countries and one region. Eight countries and one region reported mandatory AMS structures and activities complying with the Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR) structure, policy and practice indicators. In 10/27 cases, however, the mandatory AMS activities were not being fully carried out. The survey showed heterogeneous legal frameworks for AMS in hospitals, and in many countries it was even lacking. The situation may be critical in countries with poor control of antimicrobial use and resistance. Recent international initiatives calling on policy-makers to address the threat of antimicrobial resistance could yield improvement.peer-reviewe

Passivation of interfaces in thin film solar cells: understanding the effects of a nanostructured rear point contact layer

Thin film solar cells based in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) are among the most efficient polycrystalline solar cells, surpassing CdTe and even polycrystalline silicon solar cells. For further developments, the CIGS technology has to start incorporating different solar cell architectures and strategies that allow for very low interface recombination. In this work, we study and characterize ultrathin 350 nm CIGS solar cells with a rear interface passivation strategy. The rear passivation was achieved using an Al2O3 nanopatterned point structure. Using the cell results, photoluminescence measurements and detailed optical simulations based on the experimental results, we show that by including the nanopatterned point contact structure, the interface defect concentration lowers, which ultimately leads to an increase of solar cell electrical performance mostly by increase of the open circuit voltage. Gains to the short circuit current are distributed between an increased rear optical reflection and also due to electrical effects. Our approach of mixing several techniques allowed us to make a discussion considering the different passivation gains which has not been done in detail in previous works. A solar cell with a nanopatterned rear contact and a 350 nm thick CIGS absorber provided an average power conversion efficiency close to 10%.publishe