Gastric cancer in patients attending the digestive endoscopy service

Introduction: gastric cancer for many countries in the world and in Cuba is a major health problem. Objective: to determine the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer in the digestive endoscopy service at Abel Santamaría Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 39 patients with suggestive and endoscopic symptoms of gastric cancer, and the sample included 36 patients with positive histology. The variables taken were: age, sex, and histology of the gastric biopsy, result of the upper digestive endoscopy, associated risk factors, clinical manifestations and metastasis. Frequency distribution analysis was used. Results: the most affected group was 61 to 70 years old, being more frequent in male sex, with epigastralgia in 55.5% as the main symptom, the ulcerated form was the most observed localized in antrum and pylorus, intestinal type of adenocarcinoma was the most frequent in the histological assessment, Helicobacter pylori infection was present in 63.8% of the cases as a predominant risk factor, with metastases findings in the 69.4% of all cases of the estudied universe. Conclusion: most of the cases were diagnosed in advanced stages, when the probability of cure is reduced

Cáncer gástrico en pacientes atendidos en servicio de endoscopia digestiva

Introduction: gastric cancer for many countries in the world and in Cuba is a major health problem.Objective: to determine the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer in the digestive endoscopy service at Abel Santamaría Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital.Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 39 patients with suggestive and endoscopic symptoms of gastric cancer, and the sample included 36 patients with positive histology. The variables taken were: age, sex, and histology of the gastric biopsy, result of the upper digestive endoscopy, associated risk factors, clinical manifestations and metastasis. Frequency distribution analysis was used.Results: the most affected group was 61 to 70 years old, being more frequent in male sex, with epigastralgia in 55.5% as the main symptom, the ulcerated form was the most observed localized in antrum and pylorus, intestinal type of adenocarcinoma was the most frequent in the histological assessment, Helicobacter pylori infection was present in 63.8% of the cases as a predominant risk factor, with metastases findings in the 69.4% of all cases of the estudied universe.Conclusion: most of the cases were diagnosed in advanced stages, when the probability of cure is reduced.Introducción: el cáncer gástrico para muchos países del mundo y Cuba es un gran problema de salud.Objetivo: determinar las características clínico- epidemiológico de los pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer gástrico en el servicio de endoscopia digestiva del Hospital General Docente Abel Santamaría Cuadrado. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal, conformaron el universo 39 pacientes con sintomatología y endoscopia sugestiva de cáncer gástrico, y la muestra los 36 pacientes con histología positiva. Variables edad, sexo, histología de la biopsia gástrica, resultado de la endoscopia digestiva superior, factores de riesgo asociados, manifestaciones clínicas y metástasis. Se utilizó el análisis de distribución de frecuencias.Resultados: el grupo etario más afectado fue el de 61 a 70 años, siendo más frecuente en el sexo masculino, con epigastralgia en el 55,5 % como síntoma principal, la forma ulcerada fue la más observada localizándose en antro y píloro, el adenocarcinoma tipo intestinal fue el de mayor frecuencia histológica, con infección por Helicobater pylori en el 63,8% de los casos como factor de riesgo predominante, con hallazgo de metástasis en el 69,4 % de todo el universo estudiado.Conclusiones: la mayoría de los casos se diagnosticaron en etapas avanzadas, cuando la probabilidad de curación es muy reducida

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 10

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 10, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Instrumento orientado a determinar tiempo efectivo en la clase de educación física, calidad y cantidad

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física, Licenciado en Educación)La presente investigación, aporta un instrumento que permite determinar el tiempo real efectivo de la clase de Educación Física, y así, como da lugar a establecer el desempeño del profesor, como del alumno en el desarrollo de la clase. El proceso contemplo determinación de ítems, desarrollo de grabaciones y observaciones en establecimientos de la Región Metropolitana (establecimientos: Particulares, Subvencionados, Municipalizados). La investigación aporta tanto un instrumento de utilidad para los docentes, el cual permite determinar el tiempo utilizados y analiza el desarrollo la clase desde su inicio a su término, a través de reactivos que permiten dar cuenta de la calidad de las actividades desarrolladas, así también permite establecer el tiempo real de práctica de actividad física por parte del alumno, factor determinante en el mejoramiento de los estándares de calidad en la enseñanza y practica de la Educación Física.This research provides a tool to determine the real-time effect of physical education classes, and how it leads to set the teacher's performance, as in the development of the student from class. The procedure for determining items, recordings and observations of establishments in the metropolitan area ( establishments: Individuals, grants, local authority). The research provides both a useful tool for teachers, which used to determine the time and the class discusses the development from its inception to completion, through which reagents to account for the quality of the activities, as well allows real-time practice of physical activity by the student, a determining factor in improving quality standards in teaching and practice of physical education

The rise and demise of plastic shopping bags in Chile - broad and informal coalition supporting ban as a first step to reduce single-use plastics

Single-use plastic bags (SUPBs) were introduced to society as a way to facilitate our daily lives, but due to their low post-use value they are found as litter in many different environments, from urban to rural and remote, natural environments. Given the increasing awareness about environmental litter, many communities have banned SUPBs in the recent past. Here we explore an emerging economy to document the rise and demise of SUPBs in society. Through a review of scientific and grey literature (including governmental documents and media coverage) we reconstruct the timeline of SUPBs in Chile, including the development of the plastic industry and retail business within Chile, the introduction, spread and finally the demise of SUPBs. Focused on the demise phase, we document the creation and succession of municipal ordinances to reduce SUPBs in local commerce, and the development of a national law to regulate the use of SUPBs. In order to document the involvement of the general public during the demise phase, we also examined current behavior and behavioral intentions of people in (i) a local project introducing reusable cloth bags to reduce the use of SUPBs, and (ii) a consumer survey about public perception of SUPBs and their use. Plastic bags were introduced in Chile in the 1970s, then spread with the emergence of supermarkets and retail stores in the 1980s and 1990s, and were widely used in commerce by the turn of the century. During the first decade of the 21st century the first scientific studies reported large amounts of plastic litter and high proportions of single-use plastics in coastal environments, public awareness grew, and numerous initiatives aiming to reduce consumption and littering of plastics developed. The first municipal ban of SUPBs in 2013 was emulated during the following five years by 62 other Chilean municipalities and in 2018 translated into a national law, which was highly approved and supported by the population. We conclude that the ban of SUBP5 in Chile was facilitated by a broad concern among the general public, which led to a bottom-up movement culminating in the national government taking stakes in the issue. Finally, we argue that this can only be a first step that must be followed by further actions to abolish single-use products in order to effectively protect the environment and in particular the world's oceans.United Nation Environment Programme - Global Programme of Action through the Comision Permanente del Pacifico Sur (CPPS) Chilean Millennium Initiative through Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands ESMOI Pew Marine Conservation Fellowshi

Gestión del cuerpo y control social

En nuestra sociedad de Post Dictadura, la temática del cuerpo, su expresión y exploración más allá de los cánones impuestos por la normatividad, constituyen un tema pendiente que -cuando emerge- genera des-orden, instalando la pregunta por los límites y consensos sobre nuestro orden social y cultural. Es así como las experiencias que incorporan la dimensión subjetiva del cuerpo como son el uso de drogas y la sexualidad entre otras, y que se sitúan desde lo orgiástico y festivo, son negadas, reprimidas y estigmatizadas como fuente de desorden y potencial amenaza al “contrato social”

Efficacy and safety of urinary catheters with silver alloy coating in patients with spinal cord injury: a multicentric pragmatic randomized controlled trial. The ESCALE trial.

© 2017 Elsevier Inc.Background Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who carry indwelling urinary catheters have an increased risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). Antiseptic silver alloy-coated (SAC) silicone urinary catheters prove to be a promising intervention to reduce UTIs; however, current evidence cannot be extrapolated to patients with SCI. Purpose This study aimed to assess the efficacy of SAC urinary catheters for preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Design/Setting This is an open-label, multicenter (developed in Spain, Portugal, Chile, Turkey, and Italy), randomized clinical trial conducted in 14 hospitals from November 2012 to December 2015. Patient Sample Eligible patients were men or women with traumatic or medical SCI, aged ≥18 years, requiring an indwelling urinary catheter for at least 7 days. Outcome Measures The primary outcome was the incidence of symptomatic UTIs. The secondary outcome included bacteremia in the urinary tract and adverse events. Materials and Methods Patients were randomized to receive a SAC urinary catheter (experimental group) or a standard catheter (control group) for at least 7 days. Data were compared using chi-squared test and also calculating the absolute risk difference with a 95% confidence interval. An adjusted analysis including different risk factors of UTI was performed. This study was mainly funded by La Marató de TV3 Foundation (grant number # 112210) and the European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network organization. The funders had no role in the interpretation or reporting of results. Results A total of 489 patients were included in the study, aged 55 years in the experimental group and aged 57 in the control group (p=.870); 72% were men; 43% were hospitalized patients, and 57% were outpatients (p=1.0). The most frequent cause of SCI was traumatic (73.75%), and the localization was mainly the cervical spine (42.74%). Most of the patients had an A score (complete spinal injury and no motor and sensory is preserved) on the ASIA scale (62.37%). The median time of urethral catheterization was 27 days in the experimental group and 28 days in the control group (p=.202). Eighteen patients (7.41%) in the experimental group and 19 in the control (7.72%) group had a symptomatic UTI (odds ratio [OR] 0.96 [0.49–1.87]). The adjusted analysis revealed no change in the results. Only three patients in the experimental group had bacteremia within the urinary tract. The experimental group presented more adverse events related to the use of a catheter than the control group (OR 0.03 [0.00–0.06]). Conclusions The results of this study do not support the routine use of indwelling antiseptic SAC silicone urinary catheters in patients with SCI. However, UTIs associated to long-term urinary catheter use remain a challenge and further investigations are still needed

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano