CATALOGAZIONE DEI BENI CULTURALI IN ITALIA: METODI, STRUMENTI E COOPERAZIONE TRA SISTEMI INFORMATIVI PER LA GESTIONE DELLA CONOSCENZA

 Nel Ministero dei beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo (MIBACT), l’Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione (ICCD) è il referente istituzionale per la programmazione, l’elaborazione metodologica e la pianificazione delle attività connesse alla catalogazione del patrimonio culturale italiano. A tal fine coordina la ricerca per la definizione degli standard di catalogazione per le diverse tipologie di beni culturali inerenti gli ambiti di tutela del MiBACT e gestisce il Catalogo generale del patrimonio archeologico, architettonico, storico artistico ed etnoantropologico nazionale. Dall’epoca della sua fondazione (1975) ad oggi, l’ICCD ha costantemente indirizzato le proprie politiche operative verso il “colloquio” con gli altri soggetti impegnati nel settore dei beni culturali, al fine di individuare regole e modalità di lavoro per condividere le conoscenze sul patrimonio, come ad esempio gli standard catalografici e i protocolli di interscambio dati. Con la realizzazione del nuovo Sistema Informativo Generale del Catalogo su base web (SIGECweb), l’Istituto si è dotato di nuove funzioni e tecnologie per gestire l’intero processo di produzione dei dati catalografici, dall’assegnazione dei codici univoci di catalogo alla pubblicazione delle schede per la libera fruizione, in maniera da garantire l’omogeneità e la condivisione delle informazioni prodotte. Sono inoltre state definite procedure per l’interoperabilità con sistemi esterni e l’ICCD ha partecipato allo sviluppo della piattaforma cooperativa Vincoli in Rete (VIR), che realizza l’interoperabilità tra le tre principali banche dati del MIBACT e rappresenta il punto fondamentale di accesso all’anagrafica condivisa dei beni afferenti al patrimonio culturale immobile. No Ministério dos Bens e Atividades Culturais e do Turismo (MiBACT), o Instituto Central de Catalogação e Documentação (ICCD) é a referência institucional para a programação, o desenvolvimento metodológico e o planejamento das atividades relativas à catalogação do patrimônio cultural italiano. Com essa finalidade, coordena a pesquisa relativa à definição dos padrões de catalogação para os diferentes tipos de bens culturais referentesaos âmbitos de proteção do MiBACT e coordena o Catálogo Geral do Patrimônio Arqueológico, Arquitetônico, Histórico, Artístico, Étnico e Antropológico Nacional. Desde a sua fundação (1975) até hoje, o ICCD tem constantemente direcionado suas políticas operacionais para o diálogo com outros sujeitos envolvidos no setor dos bens culturais, a fim de identificar as regras e modalidades de trabalho para compartilhar os conhecimentos em relação ao patrimônio, tais como os padrões de catalogação e os protocolos de intercâmbio de dados. Com a criação do novo Sistema de Informação Geral de Catalogação baseado na tecnologia web (SIGECweb), o Instituto tem novos recursos e tecnologias para gerenciar todo o processo de produção de dados de catalogação, desde a atribuição de códigos unívocos até a publicação das fichas para a utilização gratuita, com o objetivo de garantir a homogeneidade e a partilha das informações produzidas. Também foram definidos os procedimentos para a interoperabilidade com sistemas externos e o ICCD participou do desenvolvimento da plataforma de cooperação Vincoli in Rete (VIR), que efetua a interoperabilidade entre os três principais bancos de dados do MIBACT e representa o principal ponto de acesso ao registro de dados compartilhados dos bens relativos ao patrimônio cultural imóvel. MIBACT’s (Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism) ICCD (Central Institute for Cataloguing and Documentation) is the in stitutional reference in terms of defining, developing methodologies and planning activities related to cataloguing Italy’s cultural heritage. To that end, it coordinates research relating to the definition of cataloguing standards for the different kinds of cultural assets under the MiBACT’s protection. It also coordinates the general national catalog of archeological, architectural, historic, artistic, ethnic and anthropologic heritage. Since its inception (1975) to this day, ICCD has consistently focused its operational policies on the “dialog” with other actors involved in the cultural assets segment to identify rules and work categories to share knowledge related to heritage, such as cataloguing standards and data exchange protocols. The creation of the new SIGECweb (Web-based General Cataloguing Information System) gave the Institute new resources and technologies to manage the entire process of producing cataloguing data, from assigning unambiguous codes to file cards publishing for free use, in order to assure consistency and the sharing of generated information. The procedures for the interoperability with external systems were defined, and ICCD was part of the development of the Vincoli in Rete (VIR) collaboration platform. This platform enables the interoperability between the three major MIBACT’s databases, it is also the main access to the shared data registry of assets related to immovable cultural heritage

Depletion of ATP-citrate lyase (ATPCL) affects chromosome integrity without altering histone acetylation in Drosophila mitotic cells

The Citrate Lyase (ACL) is the main cytosolic enzyme that converts the citrate exported from mitochondria by the SLC25A1 carrier in Acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and oxaloacetate. Acetyl-CoA is a high-energy intermediate common to a large number of metabolic processes including protein acetylation reactions. This renders ACL a key regulator of histone acetylation levels and gene expression in diverse organisms including humans. We have found that depletion of Drosophila ATPCL, the fly ortholog of human ACL, reduced levels of Acetyl CoA but, unlike its human counterpart, does not affect global histone acetylation and gene expression. Nevertheless, reduced ATPCL levels caused evident, although moderate, mitotic chromosome breakage suggesting that this enzyme plays a partial role in chromosome stability. These defects did not increase upon X-ray irradiation, indicating that they are not dependent on an impairment of DNA repair. Interestingly, depletion of ATPCL drastically increased the frequency of chromosome breaks associated to mutations in scheggia, which encodes the ortholog of the mitochondrial citrate carrier SLC25A1 that is also required for chromosome integrity and histone acetylation. Our results indicate that ATPCL has a dispensable role in histone acetylation and prevents massive chromosome fragmentation when citrate efflux is altered

Neuroserpin polymers cause oxidative stress in a neuronal model of the dementia FENIB

The serpinopathies are human pathologies caused by mutations that promote polymerisation and intracellular deposition of proteins of the serpin superfamily, leading to a poorly understood cell toxicity. The dementia FENIB is caused by polymerisation of the neuronal serpin neuroserpin (NS) within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of neurons. With the aim of understanding the toxicity due to intracellular accumulation of neuroserpin polymers, we have generated transgenic neural progenitor cell (NPC) cultures from mouse foetal cerebral cortex, stably expressing the control protein GFP (green fluorescent protein), or human wild type, G392E or delta NS. We have characterised these cell lines in the proliferative state and after differentiation to neurons. Our results show that G392E NS formed polymers that were mostly retained within the ER, while wild type NS was correctly secreted as a monomeric protein into the culture medium. Delta NS was absent at steady state due to its rapid degradation, but it was easily detected upon proteasomal block. Looking at their intracellular distribution, wild type NS was found in partial co-localisation with ER and Golgi markers, while G392E NS was localised within the ER only. Furthermore, polymers of NS were detected by ELISA and immunofluorescence in neurons expressing the mutant but not the wild type protein. We used control GFP and G392E NPCs differentiated to neurons to investigate which cellular pathways were modulated by intracellular polymers by performing RNA sequencing. We identified 747 genes with a significant upregulation (623) or downregulation (124) in G392E NS-expressing cells, and we focused our attention on several genes involved in the defence against oxidative stress that were up-regulated in cells expressing G392E NS (Aldh1b1, Apoe, Gpx1, Gstm1, Prdx6, Scara3, Sod2). Inhibition of intracellular anti-oxidants by specific pharmacological reagents uncovered the damaging effects of NS polymers. Our results support a role for oxidative stress in the cellular toxicity underlying the neurodegenerative dementia FENIB

Fictio, falso, fake: sul buon uso della filologia

Il presente volume raccoglie i saggi di Speranza Cerullo, Luciano Formisano, Claudio Lagomarsini, Paolo Maninchedda, Paolo Squillacioti e Riccardo Viel dedicati al tema del falso e della falsificazione nella tradizione letteraria italiana e romanza e nella società contemporanea, nati intorno all’esperienza della Summer School di Urbino del luglio 2019 dedicata a questo tema. L’evento urbinate, terza edizione del ciclo Costruire l’Europa, ha concluso il progetto che per tre anni ha posto a denominatore comune delle sue riflessioni un tema da sempre caro alla filologia romanza: l’idea di un’Europa vista nei suoi fondamenti culturali, letterari e linguistici

Las solitarias

[ES ]La colección de novelas Las solitarias (1917) puede considerarse una de las obras más representativas de la literatura femenina en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Central es el tema de la condición de la mujer entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, en la que la opresión causada por el trabajo, la violencia de los hombres y la pobreza se describe a través de fuertes retratos de mujeres, contados con poesía y pasión Una obra que puede considerarse una de las primeras manifestaciones de un feminismo aún embrionario y cuyo propósito era denunciar la incomodidad, la marginación y la frustración de las mujeres. Esta traducción es la primera en español.Este libro se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación financiado por la Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (SA019P17), con el título “Escritoras inéditas en español en los albores del s. XX (1880-1920). Renovación pedagógica del canon literario” dirigido por la profesora Milagro Martín Clavijo de la Universidad de Salamanc

Depletion of ATP-Citrate Lyase (ATPCL) Affects Chromosome Integrity Without Altering Histone Acetylation in Drosophila Mitotic Cells

The Citrate Lyase (ACL) is the main cytosolic enzyme that converts the citrate exported from mitochondria by the SLC25A1 carrier in Acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and oxaloacetate. Acetyl-CoA is a high-energy intermediate common to a large number of metabolic processes including protein acetylation reactions. This renders ACL a key regulator of histone acetylation levels and gene expression in diverse organisms including humans. We have found that depletion of ATPCL, the Drosophila ortholog of human ACL, reduced levels of Acetyl CoA but, unlike its human counterpart, does not affect global histone acetylation and gene expression. Nevertheless, reduced ATPCL levels caused evident, although moderate, mitotic chromosome breakage suggesting that this enzyme plays a partial role in chromosome stability. These defects did not increase upon X-ray irradiation, indicating that they are not dependent on an impairment of DNA repair. Interestingly, depletion of ATPCL drastically increased the frequency of chromosome breaks (CBs) associated to mutations in scheggia, which encodes the ortholog of the mitochondrial citrate carrier SLC25A1 that is also required for chromosome integrity and histone acetylation. Our results indicate that ATPCL has a dispensable role in histone acetylation and prevents massive chromosome fragmentation when citrate efflux is altered

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLYMORPHISMS OF TAS2R38 BITTER TASTE RECEPTOR AND CHRONIC UPPER AIRWAY INFECTIONS

1Department of Neuroscience, ENT Section, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy 2Department of Translational Medical Sciences, European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, Napoli, Italy The presence of taste receptors in extra-oral tissues may suggest additional roles apart from taste perception. Recently, an increasing number of reports demonstrated that the bitter taste G-protein coupled receptors family T2R, expressed in ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, are able to detect bacterial products and to stimulate innate immune defense against pathogens. Most microbial agents, secretes chemical signals known as quorum-sensing molecules that regulate the expression of genes involved in biofilm formation, virulence and other vital processes for microorganisms. Among the quorum-sensing molecules, the AHLs produced by P. aeruginosa, activate the receptor for bitter T2R38 expressed in ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, whereas mutants of P. aeruginosa lacking the AHL are not able to activate it. The activation of the receptor results in an increase of the Ca2+ flow and the ciliary beat frequency, as well as stimulating the production of NO which acts as a bactericide against the pathogen. The Caucasian population express three common polymorphisms (Pro49Ala, Ala262Val, Val296Ile) for TAS2R38 that lead to two major haplotypes PAV and AVI. The expression of either haplotype gives respectively 2 forms of receptors ̶ functional or non-functional ̶ i.e. unable to respond to specific agonists such phenylthiocarbamide and propylthiouracil (PROP). The two haplotypes PAV and AVI segregate into two major phenotypic classes: the "functional", sensitive to bitter, are homo- or heterozygous for the allele PAV, the "non-functional", are homozygous for the allele AVI. The genetic variations of the receptor TAS2R38 that affect sensitivity to bitter taste can help determine individual differences in susceptibility to bacterial infections of the respiratory tract allowing to plan a “target therapy”. Cellular cultures from homozygous PAV/PAV individuals showed a more effective NO production, mucociliary clearance and bactericide effect than cultures from AVI/PAV or AVI/AVI individuals. As a consequence it is reasonable to assume that patients with genotype AVI/PAV or AVI/AVI are at greater risk of contracting infections from gram-negative, compared with homozygous PAV. Some authors have studied the correlation between genotype and microbiological results TAS2R38 tissue of respiratory mucosa. The result of this analysis proved to be very interesting, because it showed a significant difference in the frequency of non-functional (AVI) than functional (PAV) among patients whose cultures were positive for Gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa. The aim of the study was to characterize phenotypically the sensitivity to PROP and the receptor polymorphisms of TAS2R38, in patients with chronic or recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract to identify high risk patients. The identification of high-risk individuals would allow to draw up protocols for specific follow-up and appropriate “target therapy”

Case Report: Lymphocytosis Associated With Fatal Hepatitis in a Thymoma Patient Treated With Anti-PD1: New Insight Into the Immune-Related Storm

Recent advances in tumor immunotherapy have made it possible to efficiently unleash immune effectors, reacting against neoplastic cells. Although these approaches primarily aim to eradicate malignancy, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) often influence patients’ prognosis, constituting a new spectrum of side effects. Taking into account the typical microenvironment and the intricate equilibrium between the anti-tumor response and the immune cells, the thymoma constitutes a unicum in the immune-oncology field. We report a fatal immune-mediated adverse events’ storm in a thymoma patient treated with Pembrolizumab, leading to hepatotoxicity accompanied by lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and thyroid dysfunction, unveiling a novel potential pathophysiological effect of immunotherapy. The clinical proficiency of the immune checkpoint inhibitors in thymoma patients warrants timely prevention and management of off-target consequences in order to optimize this promising therapeutic option. This case report describes a unique consequence of irAEs, emerging as a red flag warranting a multidisciplinary approach

Long term survival of HER2-positive early breast cancer treated with trastuzumab-based adjuvant regimen: A large cohort study from clinical practice

Abstract Trastuzumab-based regimens for the adjuvant treatment of HER2-positive early breast cancer significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) in large randomized trials, with sustained benefits at four-year follow-up. We assessed long-term survival estimates and predictors in a large cohort of Italian women with early breast cancer treated with trastuzumab in clinical practice. Through a record linkage between five regional healthcare databases, we identified women treated with trastuzumab for early breast cancer in Lombardy (2006–2009). DFS and OS were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and independent predictors were assessed using proportional hazard models. 2046 women received trastuzumab in early breast cancer adjuvant setting. Overall, the proportion of patients surviving free of disease was 93.9% at one year, 85.8% at 2 years, 79.4% at 3 years, and 75.0% at 4 years. OS estimates were 98.7%, 95.4%, 91.5% and 89.4% at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. Significant independent predictors of worse survival outcomes were ag