Compression medullaire lente secondaire a un lymphome de Burkitt intra - rachidien

Le lymphome de Burkitt (LB) appartient au groupe des lymphomes malins non hodgkiniens (LMNH) à cellules B. Il sévit de façon endémique chez l’enfant africain en région intertropicale. La rareté des localisations neuro-méningées dont médullaires a été rapportée. Nous rapportons le cas d’un jeune garçon présentant une localisation médullaire secondaire de LB maxillo-facial. Il avait présenté de façon lentement progressive dans un contexte d’amaigrissement et de tumeur maxillo-faciale, un syndrome de compression médullaire dorsale dont le diagnostic a été confirmé au myéloscanner dorsal. L’histologie de la tumeur maxillo faciale après biopsie révélait un LB. Une chimiothérapie a permis une disparition complète de la tumeur maxillo-faciale à la fin du 1er mois et une récupération neurologique au bout d’un an. La localisation secondaire intra rachidienne d’un LB bien que rare doit être présente à l’esprit surtout en face d’une compression médullaire lente survenue dans un contexte de tumeur maxillo-faciale chez l’enfant

Impact de la Cochenille Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) sur les rendements du manioc (Manihot esculenta) au Gabon

La cochenille Phenacoccus manihoti est l’une des causes de la chute des rendements du manioc au Gabon. Par la randomisation, nous avons étudié  son impact sur la croissance de la plante et sur les rendements du manioc. P. manihoti réduit la croissance des plants à 40%, la distance entrenoeuds  des tiges à 45%. Il diminue le nombre, la longueur et le diamètre des tubercules ; respectivement pour le nombre de 7 à 4, de 34 à 9  cm pour la longueur et de 10 à 5 cm pour le diamètre en moyenne. L’action de la cochenille P. manihoti induit ainsi la dimunition de la croissance des  plants et la baisse des rendements du manioc au Gabon. Pour protéger le manioc contre la cochenille, nous pensons que l’utilisation des  techniques de lutte efficaces est indispensable. Elles pourraient même être associées, dans le cadre d’une lutte intégrée, excluant complètement la  lutte chimique, à l’origine de beaucoup de problèmes environnementaux. Les auteurs ont enfin attiré l’attention des gouvernements africains sur la  nécessité de promouvoir les politiques de développement agricole dans leurs pays. English title: Impact of the mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (homoptera, pseudococcidae) on the yields of the cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Gabon The mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti is one of the causes in the drop of cassava yields in Gabon. Through the randomization, we have studied its  impact on the growth of the plant and on the yields of the cassava. P. manihoti reduces the growth of the plants to 40%, the interval among knots of  the stems to 45%. Its diminishes the number, the length and the diameter of the tubercules, respectively for the number of 7 to 4; of 34 to 9cm for  the length and for 10 to 5cm for the average diameter. Thus, the share of the mealybug P. manihoti induces the lessening of the growth of the plants  and the drop of the cassava yields in Gabon. For protect the cassava against the mealybug we think that the using of the efficient fight  techniques is indispensable. They must even be assoociated in integrated fight excuding completely the chemical fight which induces meny  environemental problems. At last the authors have attracted the car of the african governments abut the necessity to upgrade the agricultural  development politics in theirs contries.&nbsp

Defending the 'Negro Race': Lamine Senghor and Black Internationalism in Interwar France

This article examines the career of Lamine Senghor, a Senegalese veteran of the First World War, who emerged in the mid 1920s as the most influential black anti-colonial activist of the period. Senghor combined a communist-inspired critique of empire with an attempt to forge a transnational sense of black identity. Many of the questions facing Senghor remain relevant today: should the black community seek equality through its own independent pressure groups or through strategic alliances with mainstream political parties? And how does one engage with issues of racial (or religious) equality within the terms of the purportedly colour-blind and secular Republic

Stability of Mine Car Motion in Curves of Invariable and Variable Radii

We discuss our experiences adapting three recent algorithms for maximum common (connected) subgraph problems to exploit multi-core parallelism. These algorithms do not easily lend themselves to parallel search, as the search trees are extremely irregular, making balanced work distribution hard, and runtimes are very sensitive to value-ordering heuristic behaviour. Nonetheless, our results show that each algorithm can be parallelised successfully, with the threaded algorithms we create being clearly better than the sequential ones. We then look in more detail at the results, and discuss how speedups should be measured for this kind of algorithm. Because of the difficulty in quantifying an average speedup when so-called anomalous speedups (superlinear and sublinear) are common, we propose a new measure called aggregate speedup

New applications of Ambient Intelligence

Ambient Intelligence emerged more than two decades ago, with the exciting promise of technologically empowered environments that would be everywhere, cater to all our needs, be constantly available, know who we are and what we like, and allow us to make explicit requests using natural means instead of the traditional mouse and keyboard. At a time in which this technological unravelling was expected to have already happened, we still use the mouse and the keyboard. In this paper we make a brief analysis of why is this evolution taking more than initially expected. We then move on to analyse several di erent projects that are innovative, in the sense that they encompass elds of application that go beyond the initially envisioned, and show the diverse areas that AmI systems may potentially come to change.This work is part-funded by ERDF - European Regional Development Fund through the COMPETE Programme (operational programme for competitiveness) and by National Funds through the FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) within project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028980 (PTDC/EEI-SII/1386/2012). This work is partfunded by National Funds through the FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) within projects PEst-OE/EEI/UI0752/2011

Comparing changes in haematologic parameters occurring in patients included in randomized controlled trials of artesunate-amodiaquine vs single and combination treatments of uncomplicated falciparum in sub-Saharan Africa

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Artesunate-amodiaquine (AS&AQ) is a widely used artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) for falciparum malaria. A comprehensive appreciation of its effects on haematology <it>vs </it>other anti-malarials is needed in view of potential safety liabilities.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Individual-patient data analysis conducted on a database from seven randomized controlled trials conducted in sub-Saharan African comparing AS&AQ to reference treatments in uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients of all ages. Haematologic values (white cells total and neutrophil counts, haemoglobin/haematocrit, platelets) were analysed as both continuous and categorical variables for their occurrence, (severity grade 1-4) and changes during follow-up. Risks and trends were calculated using multivariate logistic random effect models.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>4,502 patients (72% < 5 years old), from 13 sites in nine countries with 28-day follow-up were treated with AS&AQ (45%) or a comparator (other forms of ACT accounted for 27%, other combination 12%, mono-therapies 16%). Pre-treatment leucopaenia (3%) and neutropaenia (6%) were infrequent; anaemia was common (39%). The treatment-emergent adverse events incidence (TEAE = condition not present or less severe pre-treatment) was 11% for neutropaenia, 6% for thrombocytopaenia with AS&AQ and not different from treatment groups; anaemia was higher with AS&AQ (20%) or other forms of ACT (22%) than in non-artemisinin groups (4%, <it>p </it>= 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, and leucopaenia decreased with follow-up time, while neutropaenia increased; the risk of anaemia and thrombocytopaenia increased with higher baseline parasitaemia and parasitological reappearance. White cells total count was not a good surrogate for neutropaenia. No systematic significant difference between treatments was detected. Older patients were at lower risks.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The effects of AS&AQ on haematologic parameters were not different from those of other anti-malarial treatments used in sub-Saharan Africa. This analysis provides the basis for a broader evaluation of haematology following anti-malarial treatment. Continuing monitoring of haematologic safety on larger databases is required.</p

Genetic Evidence for Erythrocyte Receptor Glycophorin B Expression Levels Defining a Dominant Plasmodium falciparum Invasion Pathway into Human Erythrocytes.

Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes the deadliest form of malaria, has evolved multiple proteins known as invasion ligands that bind to specific erythrocyte receptors to facilitate invasion of human erythrocytes. The EBA-175/glycophorin A (GPA) and Rh5/basigin ligand-receptor interactions, referred to as invasion pathways, have been the subject of intense study. In this study, we focused on the less-characterized sialic acid-containing receptors glycophorin B (GPB) and glycophorin C (GPC). Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified extensive variation in glycophorin B (GYPB) transcript levels in individuals from Benin, suggesting selection from malaria pressure. To elucidate the importance of the GPB and GPC receptors relative to the well-described EBA-175/GPA invasion pathway, we used an ex vivo erythrocyte culture system to decrease expression of GPA, GPB, or GPC via lentiviral short hairpin RNA transduction of erythroid progenitor cells, with global surface proteomic profiling. We assessed the efficiency of parasite invasion into knockdown cells using a panel of wild-type P. falciparum laboratory strains and invasion ligand knockout lines, as well as P. falciparum Senegalese clinical isolates and a short-term-culture-adapted strain. For this, we optimized an invasion assay suitable for use with small numbers of erythrocytes. We found that all laboratory strains and the majority of field strains tested were dependent on GPB expression level for invasion. The collective data suggest that the GPA and GPB receptors are of greater importance than the GPC receptor, supporting a hierarchy of erythrocyte receptor usage in P. falciparum

Global stability of enzymatic chain of full reversible Michaelis-Menten reactions

International audienceWe consider a chain of metabolic reactions catalyzed by enzymes, of reversible Michaelis-Menten type with full dynamics, i.e. not reduced with any quasi- steady state approximations. We study the corresponding dynamical system and show its global stability if the equilibrium exists. If the system is open, the equilibrium may not exist. The main tool is monotone systems theory. Finally we study the implications of these results for the study of coupled genetic-metabolic systems