Investigación joven con perspectiva de género III

Actas del III Congreso Internacional de Estudios de Género, Perspectivas y Retos de Futuro: Jóvenes Investigadores (Getafe, 13 - 15 de junio de 2018) organizado por el Instituto Universitario de Estudios de Género de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Experiencia de aprendizaje en niños y niñas pacientes oncológicos de aulas hospitalarias

Memoria para optar al Título de PsicólogaLa siguiente investigación, tiene por objetivo conocer las experiencias de aprendizaje en niños y niñas pacientes oncológicos de Aulas Hospitalarias de la Fundación Carolina Labra Riquelme, atendiendo a su dimensión cognitiva y afectiva. La realización de la investigación se basó en un diseño cualitativo de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo. La técnica de producción de información utilizada fue el grupo focal; se entrevistó a siete estudiantes de aulas hospitalarias. La estrategia de análisis de datos corresponde al análisis de contenido. Entre los principales resultados se identifican la descripción de las diferencias y similitudes entre las aulas hospitalarias y las escuelas regulares; la identificación de las principales estrategias empleadas en el aula hospitalaria; el sentido de acudir y aprender en ella y, por último, la vivencia de la enfermedad. En la discusión se entrelazan y analizan los aspectos propios de la experiencia de aprendizaje y la forma en que ésta se ve influida por la enfermedad, atendiendo al rol transformador de ambas experiencias. Se concluye que la experiencia de aprendizaje se ve modificada por la enfermedad, afectando ésta última la forma en que los niños aprenden y la disposición que tienen a aprende

Late Pleistocene to Holocene glacial, periglacial, and paraglacial geomorphology of the upper Río Limarí basin (30–31° S) in the Andes of central Chile

ABSTRACTWe present a field-based reconstruction of the geomorphology in the Subtropical Andean mountains of the Limarí basin, semiarid central Chile (30–31° S). Fieldwork campaigns and remote-sensing analysis served for detailed geomorphological mapping at four formerly glaciated valleys in the heads of the Combarbalá and Río Hurtado sub-basins. We identify a mosaic of glacial, periglacial, and paraglacial landforms. Glacial landforms include a massive dead-ice moraine complex, with thermokarst and debris-filled fractures suggesting former ice-cored moraine degradation. This landform is superimposed by transversal and arcuate ridges suggesting active-ice processes. Periglacial landforms such as rock glaciers, gelifluction, and protalus lobes occur in cirques and U-shaped valleys, but also on moraine deposits. Paraglacial processes are indicated by talus accumulation in those formerly glaciated slopes. The geomorphological imprint is evidence for the interaction and succession between glacial, periglacial, and paraglacial dynamics from the Late Pleistocene to the present

Late Pleistocene to Holocene glacial, periglacial, and paraglacial geomorphology of the upper Río Limarí basin (30–31° S) in the Andes of central Chile

We present a field-based reconstruction of the geomorphology in the Subtropical Andean mountains of the Limarí basin, semiarid central Chile (30–31° S). Fieldwork campaigns and remote-sensing analysis served for detailed geomorphological mapping at four formerly glaciated valleys in the heads of the Combarbalá and Río Hurtado sub-basins. We identify a mosaic of glacial, periglacial, and paraglacial landforms. Glacial landforms include a massive dead-ice moraine complex, with thermokarst and debris-filled fractures suggesting former ice-cored moraine degradation. This landform is superimposed by transversal and arcuate ridges suggesting active-ice processes. Periglacial landforms such as rock glaciers, gelifluction, and protalus lobes occur in cirques and U-shaped valleys, but also on moraine deposits. Paraglacial processes are indicated by talus accumulation in those formerly glaciated slopes. The geomorphological imprint is evidence for the interaction and succession between glacial, periglacial, and paraglacial dynamics from the Late Pleistocene to the present.</p

Effective practice for proceduralization of L2 knowledge in EFL classrroms

Tesis (Profesor de Inglés para la Enseñanza Básica y Media y al grado académico de Licenciado en Educación)This quasi-experimental study investigated the differential effects of types of practice (decontextualized practice, contextualized practice and practice elicited by prompts) on the development of grammatical knowledge in a foreign language classroom context. Four 10th grade classes (82 students) from a Spanish-speaking school served as participants for this study. Three classes were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions and were exposed to six intervention sessions, and one served as a control group by development of L2 knowledge, we mean the proceduralization of declarative knowledge through practice, the basic tenet of the theoretical framework of this study, Skill Acquisition Theory Proceduralization is explained as a shift from declarative knowledge, which refers to the consciously accessible knowledge that learners have about an L2, to procedural knowledge, which refers to the unconsciously accessible knowledge that learners have about an L2 Throughout this project, declarative knowledge is represented as both regular and irregular past tense (mental grammar and mental lexicon, respectively). This differentiation helped us to explore the process of proceduralization on rule-based and item-based knowledge, separately Interpretations of the results from pretest and posttest measures of implicit and exphc1t knowledge of the target structures evidenced differential effects of each type of practice on the development of each type of knowledge, and suggest that a combination of contextualized and decontextualized practice would have the most positive impact on L2 development. Finally, future directions regarding research, in addition to actual pedagogical implications, are suggested.El presente estudio cuasi-experimental investigó los efectos diferenciales de los tipos de práctica (práctica descontextualizada, práctica contextualizada y práctica contextualizada con provisión de indicaciones correctivas) en el desarrollo de conocimiento gramatical en un contexto de aula de lengua extranjera Cuatro clases de Segundo Medio (82 estudtantes) de un colegio hispano-hablante participaron en este estudto. Tres grupos fueron asignados al azar a cada una de las tres condiciones experimentales y fueron expuestos a seis sesiones de intervenciones, con la excepción de uno de los grupos, el cual sirvió como grupo de control. Al hablar de desarrollo de conocimiento de una segunda lengua, nos referimos a la procedimentahzación de conocimiento declarativo a traves de la práctica, el principio basico del marco teórico de este estudio, 'teoría de la adquisición de habilidades' . El proceso de procedimentalización es explicado como el cambio de conocimiento declarativo, que se refiere al conocimiento de acceso consciente que los alumnos tienen sobre una segunda lengua, al conocimiento procedimental, el cual representa el conocimiento de acceso inconsciente que los alumnos tienen sobre una segunda lengua. A lo largo de este proyecto, el conocimiento declarativo es representado por el pasado simple de verbos regulares e irregulares (conocimiento de propiedades gramaticales y léxicas). Esta diferenciacion nos ayudó a explorar el proceso de procedimentalización de conocimiento basado en reglas y conocimiento basado en ítems por separado. Las interpretaciones de los resultados de las evaluaciones de pretest y posttest de conocimiento implícito y explícito acerca de las estructuras propuestas como objetivo evidenciaron efectos diferenciales de cada tipo de práctica en el desarrollo de cada tipo de conocimiento, y sugieren que una combinación entre práctica con textual izada y descontextualizada tendría el impacto más positivo en el desarrollo de una segunda lengua. Como conclusión, direcciones futuras en materia de investigación. además de implicaciones pedagógicas actuales, son sugeridas

Glacial to periglacial transition at the end of the last ice age in the subtropical semiarid Andes

Atmospheric warming and circulation reorganization at the end of the last ice age represent the most important climate change of the last 100,000 years and provide an opportunity to uncover how the southern subtropics cryosphere responded to strong changes in the global climate system. Extensive mapping and chronologic records on cryogenic landforms to better understand the association and interactions between glaciers and viscous creep of ice-rich permafrost landforms (rock glaciers) are widely missing in the region. In this paper, we reconstruct the geomorphic imprint of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Termination I in the high Andes of the Río Limarí Basin (30–31°S) in the subtropical semiarid Andes of Chile. 74 new 10Be surface exposure dating ages constrain the timing of glaciation, deglaciation, and glacial to periglacial transition. Glacial advances occurred first by 41.2 ± 0.6 – 35.0 ± 0.5 ka during Marine Isotope Stage 3, but probably earlier also; then, a second advance occurred during the global LGM between 24.2 ± 0.4 and 18.6 ± 0.2 ka. Deglaciation by 17.6 ± 0.2 ka left extensive hummocky moraines on the main valleys. Characteristic patterns of furrows and ridges typical of rock glaciers and solifluction superimposed on the LGM hummocky moraine indicate ice-rich permafrost in glacial deposits likely between 15.5 ± 0.3 and 13.6 ± 0.3 ka. We propose that moraines deposited by LGM debris-covered glaciers served as a niche for strong seasonal frost and permafrost creep, which substantially modified the original landforms. Our results contribute to a better understanding of major transformations in an ice-rich high mountain area of the southern hemisphere where the interplay of temperature and precipitation changes drove glacial to periglacial transitions