Comparison between Transcriptome Sequencing and 16S Metagenomics for Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Wildlife

Background Rodents are major reservoirs of pathogens responsible for numerous zoonotic diseases in humans and livestock. Assessing their microbial diversity at both the individual and population level is crucial for monitoring endemic infections and revealing microbial association patterns within reservoirs. Recently, NGS approaches have been employed to characterize microbial communities of different ecosystems. Yet, their relative efficacy has not been assessed. Here, we compared two NGS approaches, RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) and 16S-metagenomics, assessing their ability to survey neglected zoonotic bacteria in rodent populations.Methodology/Principal Findings : We first extracted nucleic acids from the spleens of 190 voles collected in France. RNA extracts were pooled, randomly retro-transcribed, then RNA-Seq was performed using HiSeq. Assembled bacterial sequences were assigned to the closest taxon registered in GenBank. DNA extracts were analyzed via a 16S-metagenomics approach using two sequencers: the 454 GS-FLX and the MiSeq. The V4 region of the gene coding for 16S rRNA was amplified for each sample using barcoded universal primers. Amplicons were multiplexed and processed on the distinct sequencers. The resulting datasets were de-multiplexed, and each read was processed through a pipeline to be taxonomically classified using the Ribosomal Database Project. Altogether, 45 pathogenic bacterial genera were detected. The bacteria identified by RNA-Seq were comparable to those detected by 16S-metagenomics approach processed with MiSeq (16S-MiSeq). In contrast, 21 of these pathogens went unnoticed when the 16S-metagenomics approach was processed via 454-pyrosequencing (16S-454). In addition, the 16S-metagenomics approaches revealed a high level of coinfection in bank voles. Conclusions/Significance :We concluded that RNA-Seq and 16S-MiSeq are equally sensitive in detecting bacteria. Although only the 16S-MiSeq method enabled identification of bacteria in each individual reservoir, with subsequent derivation of bacterial prevalence in host populations, and generation of intra-reservoir patterns of bacterial interactions. Lastly, the number of bacterial reads obtained with the 16S-MiSeq could be a good proxy for bacterial prevalence

Dynamics of pH-dependent self-association and membrane binding of a dicarboxylic porphyrin: a study with small unilamellar vesicles

AbstractSteady-state and stopped-flow measurements of the absorbance and fluorescence of aqueous solutions were performed to characterize the pH-dependent ionization and aggregation states of deuteroporphyrin. Porphyrin self-association promoted by neutralization of the carboxylic groups takes place within a few milliseconds impeding characterization of the monomer ionization states. Extrapolation at infinite dilution of the values obtained from steady-state measurements yielded the pKs of the carboxylic groups (6.6, 5.3) and inner nitrogens (4.1, 2.3). The kinetics of interactions of the porphyrin with unilamellar fluid state dioleoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was examined in a large pH range, with focus on the entry step. From alkaline pH to a value of 6.5, the entrance rate is maximal (1.69×106 M−1 s−1 versus phospholipid concentration). It decreases to 2.07×105 M−1 s−1 at lower pH with an apparent pK of 5.39. This effect appears to be related to the formation of porphyrin dimer rather than to the protonation of inner nitrogen. In keeping with previous data, these results support the concept of a pH-mediated selectivity of carboxylic porphyrins for tumor. They also indicate that the propensity of these molecules to self-associate at low pH could yield to some retention in acidic intracellular vesicles of the endosome/lysosome compartment

INTERACTIONS DE PHOTOSENSIBILISATEURS AVEC DES SYSTEMES MEMBRANAIRES MODELES

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Luxury consumer behavior of Chinese young adults: a comparison between international students and young consumers from mainland China

International audienceno abstrac

Migrant family trajectories and contributions to societies of belonging: interdisciplinary and international reflections

Research framework: Although immigrants participate in many areas of the host society, their integration may prove difficult, for a longer or shorter time after their arrival.Objectives: This issue aims to provide a better understanding of the trajectories of migrant families and their contributions to the societies to which they belong. It aims to give an account of adaptation and integration strategies based on pre- and post-migration histories, through the prism of the family.Methodology: The methods come from a variety of disciplinary fields, including sociology, anthropology, social and transcultural psychiatry, literature, psychology, social work and history. The various qualitative approaches mainly concern family and individual trajectories, as well as intergenerational trajectories, in various places.Results: Family transformations result from factors linked to the family's pre-migration past, but also from the characteristics of the society where migrants arrive, including the bureaucracy surrounding migration and settlement, the services provided (or not provided) to migrant families, non-recognition of qualifications and work experience, discrimination, and so on. These aspects that are "external" to the family can condition relationships, well-being and quality of life within the family.Conclusion: Migration transforms families who arrive or who start into host countries. Their integration and participation in host societies and the links maintained with the country of origin are influenced by a series of individual, family, societal and global factors. In particular, parental migration can have significant consequences on the well-being of children who may have experienced trauma and anxiety following difficult situations along the way.Contribution: Using a multidisciplinary qualitative approach, the authors demonstrate the importance of documenting family issues associated with migration. The complexity of migrants' journeys, their resilience and their ability to adapt to the host society described in this issue bear witness to the urgent need to work towards better recognition of their skills, simplify administrative procedures and facilitate their access to healthcare

Démarche systématique de création d’une trousse pédagogique facilitant l’apprentissage de la collaboration interprofessionnelle : défis et perspectives

Contexte: En 2014, le Continuum des pratiques de collaboration interprofessionnelle en santé et services sociaux, un cadre de référence novateur, a été développé au Québec afin d’habiliter les intervenants de différentes disciplines à ajuster leurs intentions de collaboration et leurs interactions avec leurs partenaires. Or, le développement de leur capacité à utiliser cet outil avec aisance n’est pas sans embûche. Objectifs: Cet article présente la démarche systématique ayant conduit à la création de la trousse Schém@CIP pour soutenir l’appropriation et l’utilisation des notions conceptuelles et théoriques du Continuum. Deux objectifs principaux étaient poursuivis : 1) Identifier les défis relatifs à l’appropriation du Continuum; 2) Développer des activités pédagogiques pour répondre aux défis identifiés, intégrées au sein d’une trousse pédagogique utile à la formation interprofessionnelle des futurs intervenants (milieux universitaires) et de ceux déjà actifs dans les milieux cliniques. Méthode: Les objectifs ont été atteints à travers une démarche systématique et collaborative. D’abord un comité d’experts a identifié trois principaux défis pédagogiques rencontrés dans les cours universitaires/formations faisant usage du Continuum. En lien avec ces défis, des activités pédagogiques incluant des scénarios cliniques ont ensuite été élaborées. Résultats: Ce développement a mené à la création de la trousse pédagogique Schém@CIP pour les apprenants en formation initiale, pratique et continue. Conclusion: Réunir des partenaires d’expertises complémentaires, engagés et ouverts constitue une condition essentielle au développement de contenus de formation interprofessionnelle adaptés aux clientèles apprenantes

Information concerning the samples multiplexed in the 454 run

This CSV file contains the sample names, the forward and reverse tag sequences, the forward and reverse primer sequences, the gene name, the species name and the population name for each of the 190 samples multiplexed in the 454 pyrosequencing run

Information concerning the samples multiplexed in the MiSeq run

This CSV file contains the sample names, the forward and reverse index names and the forward and reverse index sequences for each of the 190 samples multiplexed in the Illumina MiSeq run

Flow chart of the NGS approaches used for bacteria detection.

<p>RNA sequencing processed with HiSeq (RNA-Seq) vs. 16S metagenomics processed with either 454-pyrosequencing (16S-454) or MiSeq (16S-MiSeq).</p

Object and action picture naming in three- and five-year-old children

The objectives were to explore the often reported noun advantage in children’s language acquisition using a picture naming paradigm and to explore the variables that affect picture naming performance. Participants in Experiment 1 were aged three and five years, and in Experiment 2, five years. The stimuli were action and object pictures. In Experiment 1, action pictures produced more errors than object pictures for the three-year-olds, but not the five-year-olds. A qualitative analysis of the errors revealed a somewhat different pattern of errors across age groups. In Experiment 2 there was no robust difference in accuracy for the actions and objects but naming times were longer for actions. Across both experiments, imageability was a robust predictor of object naming performance, while spoken frequency was the most important predictor of action naming. The results are discussed in terms of possible differences in the manner in which nouns and verbs are acquired